Shadow Warrior (90 page)

14
. Quoted in Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 385.

15
. Quoted in Harold Ford,
William E. Colby as Director of Central Intelligence, 1973–1976
(Washington, DC: 1993), 116, released under Freedom of Information Act, Aug. 11, 2011.

16
. Quoted in ibid., 142.

17
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 386.

18
. Ford,
Colby as Director
, 88–89.

19
. Burton Hersh, “Dragons Have to Be Killed,”
Washingtonian
, September 1985.

20
. Ford,
Colby as Director
, 100.

21
. Quoted in ibid., 101.

22
. Quoted in ibid., 101–102.

23
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 390–391.

24
. Quoted in Prados,
Lost Crusader
, 298; Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 396.

25
. Schorr, “My 17 Months.”

26
. Quoted in Ford,
Colby as Director
, 119; author interview with Jenonne Walker, June 6, 2010.

27
. Author interview with Paul Colby, Jan. 8, 2007.

28
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 392; see also Walter Pincus, “Covering Intelligence,”
The New Republic
, Feb. 1, 1975.

29
. “Seducing the Source,”
Washington Monthly
, April 1975; Ford,
Colby as Director
, 97; quoted in Kathryn S. Olmsted,
Challenging the Secret Government: The Post-Watergate Investigations of the CIA and FBI
(Chapel Hill, NC: 1996), 33.

30
. Henry Kissinger,
Years of Renewal
(New York: 1999), 320; quoted in Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 393.

31
. Ford,
Colby as Director
, 104.

32
. William E. Colby to Gerald Ford, Dec. 24, 1974, Box 6, Files of Richard Cheney, Ford Library.

33
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 395; “Oral History: Reflections of DCI Colby and Helms on the CIA's ‘Time of Troubles,'” Feb. 2, 1988, Center for the Study of Intelligence, Box 2, F-Colby, Srodes Papers, Marshall Library, Virginia Military Institute.

34
. Henry A. Kissinger to Gerald Ford, Dec. 25, 1974, Box 6, Files of Richard Cheney, Ford Library.

35
. “CIA: The Colby Report,” Dec. 27, 1974, Box 6, Files of Richard Cheney, Ford Library.

36
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 398; see also “Oral History: Reflections of DCI Colby and Helms on the CIA's ‘Time of Troubles,'” March 15, 1988, Center for the Study of Intelligence, Box 2, F-Colby, Srodes Papers, Marshall Library, Virginia Military Institute.

1
. Author interview with John Colby, June 4, 2010.

2
. William E. Colby to Alain Chevalerias, Aug. 21, 1992, Box 6, F21, Colby Papers, Texas Tech University.

3
. William Colby and Peter Forbath,
Honorable Men: My Life in the CIA
(New York: 1978), 395–396.

4
. Author interview with Laurence Silberman, June 3, 2010; James Wilderotter, “Memo for the File,” Jan. 3, 1975, Box 7, Files of Richard Cheney, Ford Library.

5
. Laurence Silberman to Gerald Ford, Jan. 3, 1975, Box 7, Files of Richard Cheney, Ford Library.

6
. “Memo of Conversation Between Ford, Buchen, Scowcroft, and Schlesinger,” Jan. 3, 1975, Box 7, Memos of Conversations, 1973–1977, National Security Adviser, Ford Papers; “Conversation Between Ford, Colby, Buchen, and Scowcroft,” Jan. 3, 1975, Box 8, Memos of Conversations, 1973–1977, National Security Adviser, Ford Library.

7
. “Conversation Between Ford, Kissinger, and Scowcroft,” Jan. 4, 1975, Box 8, Memos of Conversations, National Security Adviser, Ford Library.

8
. “Conversation Between Ford, Helms, Buchen, and Scowcroft,” Jan. 4, 1975, Box 8, Memos of Conversations, National Security Adviser, Ford Library; “Conversation Between Ford, Rockefeller, Kissinger, Rumsfeld, Buchen, and Scowcroft,” Jan. 4, 1975, Box 8, Memos of Conversations, National Security Adviser, Ford Library.

9
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 399, 401.

10
. Nick Thimmesch, “Rockefeller Wrong Man to Investigate CIA,”
Los Angeles Times
, Jan. 11/12, 1975; Kathryn S. Olmsted,
Challenging the Secret Government: The Post-Watergate Investigations of the CIA and FBI
(Chapel Hill, NC: 1996), 50; Colby and For-bath,
Honorable Men
, 309.

11
. Quoted in Olmsted,
Challenging the Secret Government
, 48.

12
. Olmsted,
Challenging the Secret Government
, 35; Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 402.

13
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 52–57.

14
. Ibid., 404; quoted in Harold Ford,
Colby as Director of Central Intelligence, 1973–1976
(Washington, DC: 1993), 10, released under Freedom of Information Act, Aug. 11, 2011.

15
. “Memo of Conversation Between Kissinger, Schlesinger, Colby, Silberman, and Scowcroft,” Feb. 20, 1975, Box 9, Memos of Conversations, National Security Adviser, Ford Library; Ford,
Colby as Director
, 147.

16
. “Conversation Between Ford, Rumsfeld, Marsh, and Kissinger,” Feb. 21, 1975, Box 9, Memos of Conversations, National Security Adviser, Ford Library.

17
. Author interview with Laurence Silberman, June 3, 2010.

18
. “Conversation Between Ford, Kissinger, and Scowcroft,” Feb. 28, 1975, Box 9, Memos of Conversations, National Security Adviser, Ford Library.

19
. Brent Scowcroft to Jack Marsh, July 24, 1975, CREST, National Archives II.

20
. Quoted in Ford,
Colby as Director
, 11.

21
. Ford,
Colby as Director
, 129; author interview with Jenonne Walker, June 16, 2010.

22
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 407; John Prados,
Lost Crusader: The Secret Wars of CIA Director William Colby
(New York: 2003), 311; “Conversation Between Kissinger, Schlesinger, Colby, Silberman, and Scowcroft,” Feb. 20, 1975, Box 9, Memos of Conversations, National Security Adviser, Ford Library; William Nelson to William E. Colby, April 16, 1975, CREST, Archives II.

23
. Prados,
Lost Crusader
, 310–311; quoted in Ford,
Colby as Director
, 99.

24
. Author interview with Brent Scowcroft, June 3, 2010.

25
. Prados,
Lost Crusader
, 300–301; Daniel Schorr, “My 17 Months on the CIA Watch,”
Rolling Stone
, April 8, 1976.

26
. Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 419–420.

27
. Schorr, “My 17 Months.”

28
. Quoted in Olmsted,
Challenging the Secret Government
, 59–60; Colby and Forbath,
Honorable Men
, 410; A. J. Langguth, “Abolish the CIA!”
Newsweek
, April 7, 1975; “Jim Garrison and His War with the CIA,”
Washington Star
, April 18, 1975.

1
. Jeffrey Kimball,
Nixon's Vietnam War
(Lawrence, KS: 1998), 240; author interview with James Nach, Sept. 9, 2008; author interview with Frank Snepp, May 21, 2008.

2
. Quoted in George C. Herring,
America's Longest War
(New York: 1979), 315.

3
. Ibid., 149–150; quoted in Herring,
Longest War
, 332; William Smyser to Henry A. Kissinger, March 31, 1975,
FRUS, 1969–1976, Vietnam
, vol. 10, 720.

4
. See Thomas L. Ahern Jr.,
CIA and the Generals: Covert Support to Military Government in South Vietnam
, Center for the Study of Intelligence, October 1998, available at National Security Archive,
www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB284/index.htm
, 157–159; Herring,
Longest War
, 333; Brent Scowcroft to Gerald Ford, March 18, 1975,
FRUS, 1969–1976, Vietnam
, vol. 10, 682.

5
. Quoted in “A New Dunkirk in Indochina,”
Newsweek
, April 7, 1975; “Special National Intelligence Estimate,” March 27, 1975,
FRUS, 1969–1976, Vietnam
, vol. 10, 702–704.

6
. “Minutes of National Security Council Meeting,” March 28, 1975,
FRUS, 1969–1976, Vietnam
, vol. 10, 707–708.

7
. Ibid.

8
. Ahern,
CIA and the Generals
, 168–169.

9
. Quoted in ibid., 144.

10
. “Minutes of the Secretary of State's Regional Staff Meeting,” April 2, 1975,
FRUS, 1969–1976, Vietnam
, vol. 10, 725–726.

11
. “Minutes of Washington Special Actions Group Meeting,” April 2, 1975,
FRUS, 1969–1976, Vietnam
, vol. 10, 732–737.

12
. Quoted in John Prados,
Lost Crusader: The Secret Wars of CIA Director William Colby
(New York: 2003), 287.

13
. Quoted in Ahern,
CIA and the Generals
, 175, 177.

14
. Quoted in ibid., 178; Graham Martin to Henry A. Kissinger, April 15, 1975, Box 8, National Security Adviser, Papers of Graham Martin, Ford Library.

15
. “Minutes of National Security Council Meeting,” April 9, 1975,
FRUS, 1969–1976, Vietnam
, vol. 10, 764; “Minutes of Washington Special Actions Group Meeting,” April 19, 1975,
FRUS, 1969–1976, Vietnam
, vol. 10, 850.

16
. “Minutes of Washington Special Actions Group Meeting,” April 17, 1975,
FRUS, 1969–1976, Vietnam
, vol. 10, 833–838.

17
. Ahern,
CIA and the Generals
, 185.

18
. “Minutes of WSAG Meeting,” April 21, 1975,
FRUS, 1969–1976, Vietnam
, vol. 10, 872; “Minutes of Washington Special Actions Group Meeting,” April 19, 1975,
FRUS, 1969–1976, Vietnam
, vol. 10, 855.

19
. Ahern,
CIA and the Generals
, 191.

20
. “Minutes of WSAG,” April 22, 1975,
FRUS, 1969–1976, Vietnam
, vol. 10, 884; “Minutes of WSAG,” April 23, 1975,
FRUS, 1969–1976, Vietnam
, vol. 10, 891; Ahern,
CIA and the Generals
, 196; Henry A. Kissinger to Graham Martin, April 23, 1975, Box 8, National Security Adviser, Papers of Graham Martin, Ford Library.

21
. “Minutes of WSAG Meeting,” April 28, 1975,
FRUS, 1969–1976, Vietnam
, vol. 10, 915–917; William Colby,
Lost Victory: A Firsthand Account of America's Sixteen-Year Involvement in Vietnam
(Chicago: 1989), 353; “Memorandum of Conversation,” April 28, 1975,
FRUS, 1969–1976, Vietnam
, vol. 10, 921.

22
. Colby,
Lost Victory
, 353.

23
. Ahern,
CIA and the Generals
, 212; “Minutes of WSAG Meeting,” April 29, 1975,
FRUS, 1969–1976, Vietnam
, vol. 10, 934.

24
. Ahern,
CIA and the Generals
, 216; William Colby to Saigon Station, April 29, 1975, CREST, National Archives II.

25
. Colby,
Lost Victory
, 343–344, 355.

26
. Quoted in Ahern,
CIA and the Generals
, 161.

27
. Author interview with James Nach, Sept. 2, 2008.

28
. Jeff Woods interview with Merle Pribenow, Jan. 10, 2007.

1
. Quoted in William Colby and Peter Forbath,
Honorable Men: My Life in the CIA
(New York: 1978), 400; John Prados,
Lost Crusader: The Secret Wars of CIA Director William Colby
(New York: 2003), 301–302.

2
. Prados,
Lost Crusader
, 301–302; quoted in Daniel Schorr, “My 17 Months on the CIA Watch,”
Rolling Stone
, April 8, 1976; Nicholas Horrock, “Files Said to Link Mafia to C.I.A. in Plot on Castro,”
New York Times
, May 20,1975.

3
. Quoted in Prados,
Lost Crusader
, 302.

4
. Pete Clapper to David Belin, May 29, 1975, Box 5, Files of Richard Cheney, Ford Library; “Conversation Between Ford, Kissinger, and Scowcroft,” June 5, 1975, Box 10, Memos of Conversations, National Security Adviser, Ford Library.

5
. Kathryn S. Olmsted,
Challenging the Secret Government: The Post-Watergate Investigations of the CIA and FBI
(Chapel Hill, NC: 1996), 58; “The Cloak Comes Off,”
Newsweek
, June 23, 1975; quoted in Prados,
Lost Crusader
, 303.

6
. Alice W. Olson et. al. to William E. Colby, July 17, 1975, CREST, National Archives II; “The Rockefeller Report,” n.d., Box 9, Presidential Handwriting File, Ford Library; William E. Colby to Alice Olson, July 24, 1975, CREST, National Archives II.