Supreme Commander (42 page)

(1899), 179, 204

(1928), 72

(1929), 207

Halsey, William, Jr. “Bull,” 6, 21, 34, 40, 42–43, 46, 49, 53–55, 78, 155, 162–63, 278, 291

Hamamoto, Masakatsu, 210

Hanford nuclear site, 181–82

Hannibal, 258

Harada, Cappy, 244, 247, 282–83

Harbin Museum, 296

Harriman, Averell, 165, 166

Harrison, Benjamin, 162n

Harrison, William Henry, 162n

Harvard Business Review
, 234

Harvard Club of New York City, 234, 235n

Harvard University, 159, 234

Civil Affairs Training School, 85

Law School, 210

Hawaii, 47.
See also
Pearl Harbor attacks

Hayes, Rutherford, 162n

Hearst, William Randolph, 288

Henderson, Harold, 118–19, 121

Higashikuni, Prince Naruhiko, 82, 147, 206

Hill, Dr. Edward, 196–97

Hilldring, John, 89

Hilton, Conrad, 293

Hirasawa, Sadamichi, 193

Hirohito, emperor of Japan, 219, 282

abdication, possibility of, 74

baseball tour and, 247

biological weapons and, 188, 194–95

constitution and, 132, 144–45

decision not to try or execute, 55, 68, 76, 78, 82, 85

divine status renounced by, 79–80, 116–21

early travels of, 69–70

Fellers and, 68–69, 76

Hiroshima and, 218

involvement of, in war, 71–72

MacArthur and, 13, 20, 85–86, 88, 249, 289–90

MacArthur implements policies through, 78–79, 82, 89

MacArthur's departure and, 265

MacArthur's meetings with, 67–79, 161

MacArthur's photograph with, 67, 69, 74

property and wealth of, 80

public appearances by, 79–80

Shinto and, 116–17

surrender of Japan and, 10, 16–17, 21, 23–24, 30, 46, 139

Truman and, 55

war crimes trials and, 199, 206, 209–10, 212

white horse of, 53–54

Hiroshima, 10, 48n, 49–51, 73, 82, 160, 182n, 194, 218, 295

hoarded goods scandal, 239–40

Hokkaido, 166

homelessness, 50

Homma, Masahara, 26, 199, 204–5, 286

Hong Kong, 266

Honshu Island, 19

Hoover, Blaine, 173

Hoover, Herbert, 5, 8, 102, 106, 162, 258, 283, 293

Huff, Sidney, 29–30, 161

Hugo, Victor, 270–71

Hull, Cordell, 40, 80

human rights, 146, 224

Hurley, Patrick, 7

Hussein, Saddam, 280

Hussey, Alfred, 95, 141, 150

 

I-400 submarines, 182–83

immigration controls, 219

Imperial General Headquarters, 41–42, 48

Imperial Guard Division, 21

Imperial Institution, 115

Imperial Palace

Communist demonstrations and 171

MacArthur's motorcade past, 53–54

militarists attack, 30

Inchon landing, 258, 271, 278, 287, 299

income distribution, 91, 126, 146

India, 64, 198, 208

Indonesia, 251

industry, 60, 78, 112–14, 233, 237, 241–42

dissolving of major, 221 (see also
zaibatsu
)

reparations and, 112–13

U.S. aid and, 237

workers and, 113–14

inflation, 109, 113, 170, 232, 236, 240, 241

infrastructure, 51, 220, 242, 280

inoculation program, 107

Inside GHQ
(Takemae), 295

intelligence and counterintelligence, 29, 55, 68, 76, 95, 99, 184, 189–90, 192, 196

Intelligence Section, 95, 99, 117

International Criminal Court in The Hague (2002), 205

International Investigation Commission, 106

International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE), 183, 188–89, 198–200, 206–13, 297.
See also
war crimes trials

International Symposium on the Crimes of Bacteriological Warfare (China, 2002), 195n

Iowa
(U.S. battleship), 39

Iraq War and occupation (2003–11), 70n, 205, 280, 298–99

Ishii, Dr. Shiro, 178, 180, 183, 185–90, 192–97, 212, 292, 295–97

Iwabuchi, Sanji, 201–2

Iwo Jima, Battle of, 194

 

Jackson, Andrew, 162n

Jackson, Robert H., 212

James, Clayton, 295

Japan

air force, 32

army, 21–23, 76, 103, 219

cabinet, 134–35, 137, 147

Foreign Ministry, 139

Ministry of Culture, 110–11

Ministry of Education, 294–95

Ministry of Finance, 122

Ministry of War, 49

Navy, 47

never invaded, 22

postwar defense perimeter and, 226, 236–37, 243, 251, 254–55, 261–63, 271

Siberian war of 1919–20 and, 17–18

Japan, occupation of.
See also
MacArthur, Douglas; Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers

Allied Council and, 64, 91, 93, 101, 166–67, 169, 176, 251, 281

American soldiers' treatment of Japanese people, 87–88, 105

American troop levels, 52, 58–61, 289

baseball and, 244–48

biological weapons and, 60, 82, 106, 132, 139–40, 177–78, 180–81, 183–98, 206, 209–10, 250, 289, 296

civilian affairs teams and, 94–95

Cold War and, 221

Communists and, 143, 152, 166–76, 227, 242, 253, 287, 290

constitution and, 86, 95, 113–14, 117, 121, 125–46, 152, 176, 219, 228, 251, 257, 262–63, 228, 283, 287, 289, 294

cost of, to U.S., 229, 233, 237–38, 243

cultural and religious objects and, 89, 110–12, 218

demilitarization and disarmament and, 86, 103–6, 217–18, 228, 233

democratization and political reforms and, 20, 28, 56, 60, 62–66, 78–80, 86–90, 95–96, 113–15, 122, 124–25, 140n, 145–46, 152, 168–69, 218–20, 224–28, 234, 238

devastation and, xv–xvii, 50–51

economic reforms and, 20, 50, 90–91, 96, 221–23, 226, 228–43, 292, 297–98

educational reforms and, 20, 79, 86, 121, 123–24, 126, 141, 146, 149, 153, 219, 281

elections and voting rights and, 124, 127, 140–43, 145, 148–49, 152, 169–70, 173–74, 176–77, 219

emperor's status and, 115–18, 127–28, 131–32, 136, 138–39, 144–45, 228

ended, in 1952, 86

FEC and, 63–64, 91–94, 112, 127, 134, 136, 139, 141–44, 174–76, 227, 229, 233, 238n, 252, 271

feudalism and, 28, 88, 90, 108–9, 114, 128, 147–48, 251, 285

fishing and whaling and, 50, 64

flag, 145

food and medical aid and, 31, 49–50, 86–87, 91, 93, 103–11, 114, 169, 283, 287

Hirohito and, 10, 13, 16–17, 20–21, 23–24, 30, 46, 53–55, 67–80, 82, 85–86, 88, 74, 116–21, 132, 144–45, 161, 177, 188, 194–95, 199, 206, 209–10, 212, 218, 249, 289–90

hoarded goods scandal and, 239–40

industry and, 60, 78, 112–14, 221, 233, 237, 241–42

inflation and, 109, 113, 170, 232, 236, 240–41

Initial Post-Surrender Policy
on, 20, 59–61, 89, 92, 146, 231–32, 238n

Iraq occupation vs., 280–81, 298–99

Ishii immunity and, 188–93

Japanese memory of, today, 294–95

Japanese translation and, 135, 139–40, 210

JSC 1380/15 policy memo on, 89–91

Kido arrest and, 77

labor-intensive nature of, 85–86

labor rights and, 20, 91, 95–96, 113–14, 121, 126, 142, 146, 149, 152, 169–74, 220, 230, 237, 252, 284, 287–88, 290

land reform and, 91, 96, 108–10, 114, 169, 219–21, 226

length of, 86, 96, 223–24

life expectancy and, 107

living standards and, 112–13, 224, 237

local government and, 89, 94–95, 104, 149, 281

MacArthur on limits of, 96

MacArthur's arrival and, xvi–xvii, 19–31, 51–54

MacArthur's authority and, 63, 65

MacArthur's departure and, 264–66

MacArthur's leadership, and success of, xiii–xv, 280–92

MacArthur's plan for, 15–16, 19–20, 49, 86, 88–89

marriage, inheritance, and property reform and, 146–48, 151–53, 218

militarists and, 27–28, 30, 47, 49, 51, 60, 75–76, 79, 82, 86, 88–90, 94, 108–9, 115–16, 121, 149, 219, 221, 229, 231, 233, 238, 240–41, 269–70, 281

Missouri
surrender at beginning of, 34–41, 46, 58, 82, 88, 165, 178, 183, 201, 213, 297

NSC 13/2 policy statement on, 228–29, 236

peace treaty and, 86, 175, 223, 226, 229, 238, 250–51, 253, 261, 271, 273–74, 295–96

police and, 20, 191–93, 229, 251, 257, 287

political prisoners and, 20, 113, 142, 168–69

population and immigration and, 85–86

religion and, 115–18, 122–24

renunciation of war and, 136, 251, 257, 262–63, 287

reparations and, 112–13, 168, 229, 231–34, 233n, 242–43, 252, 263

repatriation, 89, 103–4, 175, 196, 238, 249–50, 287

“reverse course” vs. “shift” in, 228–43

SCAP chain of command and, 91–94

State Department and, 52, 55–56, 59, 63–65, 92, 101, 103, 115, 125, 127, 141–42, 144, 163, 176, 190, 201, 223–29, 233n, 260

taxes and, 241–42

trade and, 126, 221–22, 242–43, 274, 292, 297–98

U.S. Army manuals and, 102–3

USSR and, 165–69, 174–76, 195–96

war crimes and, 60, 73, 75, 106, 139–40, 183, 188–213, 221, 286

women's rights and, 20, 49, 79, 114, 121, 124, 126, 130–31, 141–42, 145–53, 218–20, 228, 284, 288

zaibatsu
and, 60, 91, 96, 109, 121, 126, 146, 211, 230–42, 238n, 288, 292

Japan, surrender of, 10–11, 19, 23–24, 48, 55, 72, 73

documents of, 16–17, 35

MacArthur's speech to Americans after, 43–46

Missouri
signing ceremony (September 2, 1945), 32, 34–47, 75

Japan Civil Liberties Union, 220

Japanese Central Bank, 240

Japanese Civil Code, 130–31, 151

Japanese High Command, 18

Japanese Imperial Forces, 41

Japanese language and translation, 96, 135, 139–40, 210

Japanese people, life expectancy of, 107

Japan of Today, The
(booklet), 295

JCS 1380/15 (memorandum of November 3, 1945), 89–91, 108, 113, 146, 238n

Johnson, Carmen, 171

Johnson, Hugh, 26

Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 85, 128, 163, 187, 251, 253, 271, 290

economy and, 232

Hirohito and, 132

Ishii and war crimes trials and, 187, 190, 192–93, 195, 296

Korean War and, 256, 259, 261, 264

SCAP chain of command and, 92

Justice Department, U.S., 190

 

Kades, Charles, 95, 97–98, 127, 129, 131–32, 137–38, 147

Kamakura Buddha, 25

kamikaze pilots, 20, 27, 28, 108, 116

Kami
(spiritual forces), 116

Kanto Kyogo company, 22

Kase, Toshikazu, 35–37, 39–41, 46, 77

Kato, Masuo, 88

Kauffman, James Lee, 222, 231, 234

Kawai, Kazuo, 29, 292

Keeler, Willie, 70

Keenan, Joseph, 161, 200, 205, 207, 209

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), 135

Kennan, George F., 173, 201, 222–29, 232–33, 235, 237, 242, 254, 271, 278, 290

Kennedy, John F., 255, 259, 297

Kenney, George, 13, 96, 159, 164, 272

Kern, Harry, 234

Khabarovsk war crimes trial, 250

Kido, Marquis Koichi, 77, 80, 125–26, 213

Kim Il Sung, 177, 260

Kimmel, Husband E., 32

King, Ernest, xv, 6, 162, 278

King George V
(British battleship), 39

Kipling, Rudyard, xiv

Konoe, Prince Fumimaro, 125, 147, 176, 212–13

Korea, 100n, 177

reparations and, 112–13

repatriation and, 89, 103

Korean War, 58n, 86, 160, 161, 175, 211, 243, 254–66, 272–75, 299

38th parallel order, 259

Wake Island meeting with Truman on, 259–60, 290–91

Yalu River and Chinese attack, 260–61, 264, 269, 274–75

Kotter, John, 285

Krug, Julius A., 223

Kurile Islands, 165, 255, 256

Kuroki, Commander, 22

Kyoto, 160

 

Labor Standards Law (Japan, 1947), 149, 152

labor unions and rights, 20, 91, 95–96, 113–14, 121, 126, 142, 146, 149, 152, 220, 230, 237, 284, 287–88, 290

strikes and, 170–74, 176, 252

Ladejinsky, Wolf, 109

land reform, 91, 108–10, 114, 169, 219, 220, 221, 226

Language Arbritration Board, 210

Lansdowne
(U.S. destroyer), 37–38

Lauterbach, Richard, 140n

Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (Japan, 1950), 111

League of Nations Covenant (1919), 135

Leahy, William, xv, 6, 184, 194

Lee, Robert E., 4, 7, 55

Leyte, Battle of, 13, 33

liberals and liberalism, 95–96, 109, 142, 124, 221

Lien, Al, 246

Life
magazine, 294

Lilienthal, David E., 184

Lincoln, Abraham, 39, 69, 157, 161

Lippmann, Walter, 288

literacy, 140n

“Living National Treasures,” 111–12

living standards, 112–13, 224, 237

Livy, 154

Local Autonomy Act (Japan, 1946), 149

local government, 89, 94–95, 104, 149, 281

Los Angeles water supply, 181

Loucks, Charles, 184

Luce, Clare Boothe, 99

Luce, Henry, 99

Luzon, Battle of, 13, 159, 184

 

MacArthur, Arthur IV (son), 42, 160, 205, 294

MacArthur, Arthur, Jr. (father), 4, 22

as military governor of Philippines, 66, 110

MacArthur, Douglas

Acheson and, 271

achievements and legacy of, xiii–xvii, 220, 250–51, 272–92

achievements of, in Two Hundred Days, 102–14

ACJ and, 64–65, 93, 101, 169, 251

administrative skills of, 94, 284–85

advisory groups and oversight of, 63–65, 155