Supreme Commander (43 page)

American flag raised in Tokyo by, 53

American soldiers' treatment of Japanese and, 87

American tutor for crown prince and, 79

announces military government of Japan, 51–52

appointed SCAP by Truman, xiv, 3–11, 277

appointed to command Pacific war, by FDR, 12–13

arrest of Japanese generals and, 82

arrival of, at Atsugi, Japan, xvi–xvii, 19–31

arrival of, in Tokyo, 53–54

assassination attempt on, 164

Atcheson and, 101

atom bomb and, 49, 73

awards, honors, and medals and, 4–6, 22, 32, 54, 54n, 265

background of, before occupation, 4–6

baseball and, 244–48

Bill of Rights directive and, 125

biological weapons and war crimes and, 179, 183–97, 289, 295–96

birth of, 4

bold moves of, and Washington, 287–88

Bonus Army and, 7–8

bureaucracy and, 15–16

Byrne and State Department and, 142–43

Christianity and, 123

Churchill on, xiii, 28

civil liberties and, 220

Cold Warriors oppose reforms of, 221–28, 234–35

command accountability and, 205

Communists and, 168–73, 175–76, 226–27

Communist threat in Asia and, 175, 241–42, 252–53

concern for lives and, 33n, 70

congressional testimony of, 274–75

constitutional reforms and, 86, 113–14, 125–45, 176, 289

cultural preservation and, 110–12

death of, xvii, 293

decisiveness and, 15, 19

delegation by, 96–97, 104–5

democracy in Japan and, 62–63, 124, 234

departure from Japan and accolades to, 175, 265–66

disarmament and, 104–6

Dodge and, 236–37, 242–43

domino theory and, 252–53

Draper and, 232–34, 237, 239

“Dugout Doug” nickname and, 12

Dulles Peace Mission and, 262–64, 273–74

early travels to Japan, in 1905–6, 69

economic policy and, 221–24, 226, 228–44

economic policy and, “shift” vs. “reverse course,” 228–29

educational reform and, 123–24

Eichelberger and, 13–14, 100–101, 161, 163, 236, 278–79, 282, 287

Eisenhower and, 34, 78, 101, 162, 279, 286–87, 291

elections of 1946 and, 142, 145, 169–70

enemies of, 56, 278–79

face-to-face meetings preferred by, 15–16, 158

father and, 22

FDR and, 102

fear of, in Japan, 75

FEC and, 63–64, 92–94, 112, 141–44, 227, 271

food shortages and, 31, 49–50, 105–10

football and, 293–94

Fortune
attack on reforms of, 237–41

goals of, and eleven objectives list, 288–89

goals of, and five necessary reforms list, 146

goals of, and mission statement of, 88–89

government workers' compensation and, 170–71

Grew and, 55–56

Halsey and Japanese swords and, 55

Harvard honorary degree unclaimed by, 159

Hirohito and, 69, 76, 80, 86, 89, 199, 206, 249, 289

Hirohito's divine status and, 78, 116–21

Hirohito's meetings with, 67–79, 161

Hirohito's photograph with, 67, 74

Hirohito's white horse and, 53–54

history studies by, 14–15, 65–66, 96, 157, 212, 225, 240

hoarded goods scandal and, 239–40

humanitarian aid and, 86, 105–9

idealism of, 291–92

Inchon landing and, 258, 299

independence and insubordination of, 7, 230

Initial Post-Surrender
policy and role of, 59–61, 89, 146, 231–32

“I shall return” and, xvi, 3, 6, 33, 71, 75, 220

Japan postwar defense issue and, 243

Japanese flag and, 145

Japanese government holdings list and, 80

Japanese and “boy of twelve” insult by, 269–71

Japanese people's letters to, 161–62, 164

Japanese POW repatriation and, 174–75, 250

Japanese psychology and, 16, 27–28, 77–78

JCS 1380/15 memo on policy and, 89–92

JFK meeting with, 297

Kennan visit to Japan and, 224–29, 232, 235, 237

Kido arrest and, 76–77

Konoe meeting with, 125

Korean War and, 58n, 161, 254–62, 264–66, 272–73

labor unions and, 113–14

land reform and, 108–9, 169

later life of, after Korea, 293–94

leadership qualities of, 15, 154–55, 276–77, 281–92

legacy of, 270–72

legacy of, forgotten in Japan, 271–72

library of, destroyed, 110, 159

manufacturing and, 112–13

Marquat and, 100

marriage and family and, 155n, 160

Marshall and, 97, 224

memoirs of, 20, 151–52, 293

message to Japanese of May 3, 1948, 249

message to Japanese on New Year's 1948, 123

militarism purge by, 79, 86

military medicine and, 180

military strategy of, 70

occupation strategy of, 19–20, 49–51, 56–57, 65–66, 86–87, 89, 96, 224, 251, 280–81

office of, 154–58

Okinawa base and, 256

orders disobeyed by, 211

OSS and, 11–12

peace treaty and, 229, 250, 253, 262–63, 271, 273–74

personality of, 7, 11, 155, 160–64, 277–79, 285–87

personality of, and self-control, 285–86

personality of, as hard-headed “softie,” 163–64, 272

Philippines and, 4–6, 8, 10–13, 15, 26, 32–33, 75, 97, 201, 202, 204

Philippines war crimes trials and, 200–206

plane ride to Japan, 9–13

“plight of the conqueror” and, 277–78

policy directives to, 238n

policy shifts and caution of, 235

political prisoners freed by, 168–69

political reforms and, 86–87, 95–96, 171, 221, 227

power of, 62–64, 90–93, 96

precepts of, 14–16

preparation and, 14–15

presidential aspirations of, 162–63, 234

press and, 161, 221

protector role and, 249–66

public opinion and, 162–63

rearmament of Japan resisted by, 251–52

refusal to return to U.S., 159

religion and, 123

remaking of Japan, as goal of, 55–56

reparations and, 112–13, 168, 232–34

repatriation and, 103–4

Russo-Japanese War and, 22–23

SCAP chain of command and, 91–92

SCAP organization chart and team of, 94–101

Shigemitsu meeting on first directives and, 51–53

Shinto and, 115–17

Siberian campaign of 1919–20 and, 17, 100

“sound policy” and, 288

Soviets and, 18

speeches to Japanese, 291

speech to ACJ of April 5, 1946, 64

speech to Americans, on surrender signing, 43–46

speech to Congress, post-firing, 274

speech to Japanese, on surrender signing, 40–41

staff relations and, 97, 99, 156–57, 291

State Department and, 101

statement on government, 126

strike threat of 1947 and, 171–74, 176

surrender of Japan and, xvi–xvii, 11, 16–17, 19, 34–46, 82

surrender signing ceremony on
Missouri
and, 32–46

tax collection and, 241–42

Teddy Roosevelt and, 72

Teikoku bank poisonings and, 191–92

titles of, 100n, 254

Tojo arrest and, 82

Tokyo fire prevention and, 159–60

Tokyo war crimes trials and, 207–10

torture rejected by, 187, 190

trip to Philippines of 1946, 160

trip to Seoul of 1948, 160

troop cut recommendation, 58–61

troops available to, 85–86

Truman fires, 58n, 264–66, 271–75, 285

Truman meeting on Wake Island and, 259–60, 290–91

Truman refuses to fire, in early occupation, 58–61

Truman's dislike of, 3

Truman's invitation to U.S. refused by, 61–62, 287

USSR and, 165–69, 175–77, 220–21n, 223, 250

visitors and schedule of, 161

war crimes trials and, 198–213

wartime supplies and, 292

West Point and, 4–6, 14

whaling and, 63–64

Whitney and, 98–99

women's rights and, 79, 130, 146–53

work habits of, 158–60, 290

WW I and, 4, 65–66, 183

WW II and, command in Far East, 5–6, 18–19

WW II and, strategy for end of, xv–xvi, 13

Yamashita execution and, 203–4

zaibatsu
and, 211, 230–32, 235–36, 238n, 239–41

MacArthur, Jean (second wife), 42, 155n, 158, 160–61, 212, 278, 294

MacArthur, Louise (first wife), 155

MacArthur Bowl, 294

MacArthur Note (on Japanese constitution), 128

MacArthur Tenets, 282–87

Mack, Connie, 245

Mainichi
(newspaper), 173

Major League All-Star Team, 245, 248

malaria, 183

Malaysia, 266

Malik, Jacob, 18

Manchester, William, 295

Manchuria, 180, 185

Japanese POWs in, 168, 174–75, 250

USSR takeover of, 92, 165, 167–68

Maneuver in War
(Willoughby), 99

Manhattan Project, 182

Manila, 13

Japanese atrocities in, 33, 201, 219

MacArthur's visit of 1946, 108

recapture of, 26

war crimes trials, 200–206

Mao Zedong, 175, 177, 260

Marlborough, Duke of, 285

Marquat, William, 50, 97, 99–100, 109, 172, 235

baseball and, 100, 105, 247–48

marriage, 147–48, 151–52, 218

Marshall, George C., 6, 32, 33, 61, 70, 156, 162, 194, 223

biological weapons and, 184, 295

economic revival and, 233

JCS 1380/15 memo and, 89

Kennan and, 224–28

Korean War and, 259, 261

MacArthur and, 97, 277–79

MacArthur firing and, 275

USSR and, 255

WW II strategy and, xv, xvi

Marshall Plan, 227, 236

Marx, Karl, 152

Mashbir, Sidney, 16, 37–38, 55, 56

Materials on . . . Bacteriological Weapons
(USSR trial transcript, 1950), 194

maternity leave, 152

Matsudaira, Marquis Yasumasa, 77

Matsumoto, Joji, 126–27, 132–33, 135–39, 144

McClellan, George B., 60, 200

McCloy, John J., 220–21, 286, 290

McCoy, Frank, 233

medical problems and diseases, 86, 103–4, 107–8, 180, 183.
See also
biological weapons

Meiji, emperor of Japan, 220

Mengele, Dr. Josef, 179

Mexican War (U.S.), 180

Michiko, empress of Japan, 294

Midway, Battle of, 35, 47

Mikasa, Prince, 195

militarism, 27–28, 30, 47, 49, 51, 60, 75–76, 79, 82, 86, 88–90, 94, 108–9, 121, 149, 219, 221, 229, 238, 269–70, 281

Shinto and, 115–16

zaibatsu
and, 231, 233, 240–41

Military Assistance Advisory Group, 257

military medicine, 179–80, 188

military police (
Kempeitai
), 121, 219

military research laboratories, 89

mines, 105

Mishima, Yukio, 270

missionaries, 123

Missouri
surrender ceremony, 34–41, 46, 58, 82, 88, 165, 178, 183, 201, 213, 297

Mitchell, Billy, 7

Mitsubishi company, 135, 231

Mitsui company, 231

Monroe, Marilyn, 248

Montcalm, Joseph de, 258

Montgomery, Bernard, 33

Monuments Men, 110–11, 118

Morgenthau Plan, 52

Morimura, Seiichi, 296

Morotai Island, 184

Mukden, Battle of, 22, 100

Muller, Paul, 258

Murphy, Frank, 203, 291

Musashi
(Japanese battleship), 39

Mutshuhito, Emperor of Japan, 22

My Lai Massacre, 205

 

Nagasaki, 10–11, 18, 48n, 49–50, 160, 182, 295

“Atom Bowl” game, 218

Nagoya POW camp, 81

Naito, Ryoichi, 185–89, 296

Nakajimo Aircraft company, 22

Nanking, Rape of, 73, 219

Napoleon (Bonaparte, Napoleon), 66, 69, 258, 261, 277

Nation
, 109

National Football Foundation, 293

National Geographic
, 111

National Recovery Administration (NRA), 26

National Security Council, 228–29, 236, 251

naval blockade, xv, 3

Netherlands, 42, 198

Netherlands East Indies, 47, 81

“New Constitution! A Bright Light!, The” (booklet), 141

New Deal, 95, 221, 291

New Guinea, 6, 47, 81, 184

Newsweek
, 182, 222, 231, 234

New York Times
, 19, 82, 108, 121, 178, 195, 203, 206, 225, 275

New York Yankees, 248

New Zealand, 42, 59, 64, 81, 198, 251

Nichi Nichi Shimbun
(newspaper), 28

Niigata POW camp, 81

Nimitz, Chester, xv, 6, 8, 12–13, 15, 35, 40, 42, 162, 194, 278, 290

Nippon Times
, 47, 148

Nishi, Toshio, 88

Nixon, Richard, 276

Nobel Prize Committee, 183

Nogo, Commander, 22

North Korea, 165, 168, 254–55, 257–61, 266, 275

NSC 13/2 (October 7, 1948 policy statement), 228–29, 236

Nuremberg trials, 186, 198–200, 207–11, 212

 

Obama, Barack, 280, 299

O'Donnell, Kenneth, 297

O'Doul, Lefty, 244–48

Office of Censorship (U.S.), 182

Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 11–12, 68, 181

office workers, 169–71

oil, 30, 231

Okazaki, Katsuo, 38

Okinawa, 100n, 254, 256

Battle of, 47–48, 184

Okunoshima island poison gas factory, 218

Only Woman in the Room, The
(Sirota), 149–50

Operation Blacklist, 86

Operation Downfall, xv, 10

Opisthobranchia of the Sagami Ray Region
(Baba), 249