Supreme Commander (39 page)

25
: A MAN DEEPLY FLAWED: HOW DID HE DO IT?

276  
MacArthur autograph letter
: Author's collection.

276  
Nixon
: Harries, xxviii.

276  
extreme leaders:
For this concept of extreme leaders and how they will take high risks offering exceptionally high rewards, see Mukunda, 14.

277  
“so prone to exaggerate”
: Diary entry of December 27, 1944, Stimson Papers, Yale University.

277  
“The people”
: Tracy, 33.

278  
“I don't care”
: Sheldon, 26.

278  
“Listen, Jeannie”
: Weintraub, 7.

278  
“Whatever else”
: Beech, 58.

278  
“Bob, those were”
: Eichelberger,
Dear Miss Em
, 65.

278  
“Do you realize”
: Ibid.

279  
“MacArthur stands out”
: Diary entry of March 30, 1945, Stimson Papers, Yale University.

279  
“the Knights of MacArthur's Round Table”
: S. J. Morris, 430.

279  
Eisenhower and Eichelberger on MacArthur
: Diary entries of July 1 and 30, Aug. 2, Sept. 18, 19, and 20, 1948, and multiple entries, Feb.–March 1949, Eichelberger Papers, Duke University.

279  
Macmahon Ball
: Wildes, 28.

279  
Bradley teasing Eichelberger
: Schaller, 155.

280  
“Once you've got Baghdad”
: George Will, “Inoculated for Exuberance?,”
Washington Post
, November 10, 2006, A31.

280  
“the greatest reformation”
: Gunther, xiii.

281  
“In my own view”
: Ball, 179.

281  
“no need of adopting”
: Brines, 241.

281  
“The minute I left Japan”
: MacArthur,
Reminiscences
, 147.

281  
red light turned to green
: Daws, 347.

281  
“The overpowering need”
: Rovere and Schlesinger, 95.

281  
“neither a soft peace”
:
Fortune
, January 1946.

282  
“MacArthur Tenets”
: Ganoe, 170–71.

282  
“Bob, if you get”
: Eichelberger, 223.

283  
“To take up”
: Ganoe, 48.

284  
“a commanding officer”
: Considine, 45.

284  
“knew his authority”
: Sheldon, 57.

285  
“Rules are mostly made”
: Rumsfeld, xiv.

285  
“Most organizations”
: John Kotter, “What Leaders Really Do,”
Harvard Business Review,
vol. 68, no. 3 (May–June 1990),103.

285  
Dulles “I never had greater admiration”
: Rep. Walter H. Judd oral interview, 95, Harry S. Truman Library, http://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/judd.htm.

285  
“that calm courage”
: Wavell, 18.

286  
“He was most impressive”
: Wolfe, 115, 127.

286  
“I just give 'em”
: Bowers, 93.

286  
awarding the Distinguished Service Cross to a young major
: Taylor and Rosenbach, 144–45.

286  
“This is the best officer”
: Frank,
MacArthur
, 21.

288  
“the gift of command”
: Choate, 35.

289  
“General MacArthur's headquarters”
: Yoshida, 143.

291  
“was indeed”
: Weintraub, 191.

291  
“I believed every word”
: Ibid.

291  
“He died unquestioning”
: Considine, 98.

291  
“Kill Japs”
: Nye, 83; Harries, 280.

292  
“One reason”
: Kawai, 446; Williams and Wallace, 118.

26
: AFTERMATH

293  
“surrounded by his enemies”
: Perry, 69.

294  
Japan's Education Ministry
: Ginn, 244–45.

295  
“In August
1945
”
: Harries, 267.

297  
“stunned . . . enormously impressed”
: O'Donnell and Powers, 15, in Schlesinger, 339.

297  
John Foster Dulles
: Ghani and Lockhart, 227.

298  
“The best way”
: Redford, 33.

298  1990
country economy statistics
: Harvey, 455.

298  
world's largest creditor
:
Economist Pocket World
, 13, 24, 30, 76, 91.

Works Cited

The sources quoted in this book are voluminous. For readers who wish to pursue further, in boldface are those books and articles I found particularly insightful and stimulating.

 

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Aldous, Christopher.
The Police in Occupied Japan: Control, Corruption, and Resistance to Reform
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Allison, John M.
Ambassador from the Prairie or Allison Wonderland
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Appleman, Roy E.
Disaster in Korea: The Chinese Confront MacArthur
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Archer, Jules.
Frontline General.
Julian Messner, 1963.

Bailey, Paul J.
Postwar Japan: 1945 to the Present
. Blackwell (UK),
1996
.

Baldwin, Hanson W.
Great Mistakes of the War
, Harper & Bros., 1949.

Ball, W. Macmahon.
Japan: Enemy or Ally?
Cassell (Australia), 1949.

Barenblatt, Daniel.
A Plague Upon Humanity: The Secret Genocide of Axis Japan's Germ Warfare Operation
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Barnet, Richard J.
The Rockets' Red Glare: The Presidents and Their People
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Barrett, David M.
The CIA and Congress: The Untold Story from Truman to Kennedy
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Beard, Mary R.
The Force of Women in Japanese History
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Beauchamp, Edward R., ed.
Women and Women's Issues in Post–World War II Japan
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Beech, Keyes.
Tokyo and Points East
. Doubleday, 1954.

Bergamini, David.
Japan's Imperial Conspiracy: How Emperor Hirohito Led Japan into War against the West.
William Morrow, 1971.

Best, Gary Dean.
The Life of Herbert Hoover: Keeper of the Torch,
1933
–
1964. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.

Bilainkin, George.
Destination Tokyo: A Famous Correspondent's Urgent Warning to the West about Tomorrow in Asia
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Bishop, Jim.
FDR's Last Year
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Bisson, Thomas A.
Prospects for Democracy in Japan
. Macmillan, 1949.

———.
Zaibatsu Dissolution in Japan
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Bix, Herbert P.
Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
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Bowers, Faubion. “The Late Douglas MacArthur, Warts and All.”
Esquire
, January
1967
.

Brackman, Arnold C.
The Other Nuremberg: The Untold Story of the Tokyo War Crimes Trials
. William Morrow, 1987.

Bradley, Omar N., and Clay Blair.
A General's Life
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Braw, Monica.
The Atomic Bomb Suppressed: American Censorship in Occupied Japan
1945
–
1949. Liber Intl. (Sweden), 1986.

Breuer, William B.
MacArthur's Undercover War: Spies, Saboteurs, Guerrillas, and Secret Missions
. John Wiley, 1995.

Brines, Russell.
MacArthur's Japan
. J. B. Lippincott, 1948.

Buell, Thomas B.
The Quiet Warrior: A Biography of Admiral Raymond A. Spruance
. Little, Brown, 1974.

Buhite, Russell D.
Douglas MacArthur: Statecraft and Stagecraft in East Asian Policy
. Rowman & Littlefield, 2008
.

Buruma, Ian.
The Wages of Guilt: Memories of War in Germany and Japan
. Jonathan Cape (UK), 1994.

Chase, William C.
Front-Line General: An Autobiography
. Pacesetter Press. 1975.

Choate, Joseph.
Douglas MacArthur as I Knew Him
. Privately printed,
1986
.

Christian Deputation to Japan.
The Return to Japan: Report of October–November
1945. Friendship Press, 1945.

Cohen, Theodore.
Remaking Japan: The American Occupation as New Deal
. Free Press, 1987.

Considine, Bob.
MacArthur the Magnificent
. David McKay, 1942.

Columbia University Occupied Japan Oral History Project. Faubion Bowers, Charles Kades.

Costello, William.
Democracy vs. Feudalism in Postwar Japan
. Itagaki Shoten, 1948.

Cousins, Norman.
The Pathology of Power
. W. W. Norton, 1987.

Craig, William.
The Fall of Japan
. Dial Press, 1967.

Creemers, Wilhelmus H. M.
Shrine Shinto After World War II
. E. J. Brill (Leiden, Netherlands), 1968.

Dahlberg, William N.
A Tool for Diplomacy: Baseball in Occupied Japan
1945
–
1952 (a slide-show presentation to the 2010 Annual Convention of Baseball Statisticians, August 6, 2010, Atlanta, GA).

Dawidoff, Nicholas.
The Catcher Was a Spy: The Mysterious Life of Moe Berg
. Pantheon, 1994.

Daws, Gavan.
Prisoners of the Japanese: POWs of World War II in the Pacific
. William Morrow, 1994.

Deverall, Richard L.-G.
The Great Seduction: Red China's Drive to Bring Free Japan behind the Iron Curtain
. Intl. Literature Printing Co. (Japan), 1953.

Documents Concerning the Allied Occupation and Control of Japan
. Section of Special Records, Foreign Office, Japanese Government. 6 vols. Tokyo, 1951.

Dower, John W.
Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II
. W. W. Norton,
2000
.

———.
Ways of Forgetting, Ways of Remembering: Japan in the Modern World
. The New Press, 2012.

Drape, Joe.
Soldiers First: Duty, Honor, Country, and Football at West Point
. Times Books, 2012.

Drea, Edward, ed.
Researching Japanese War Crimes Records: Introductory Essays
. Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group, Penny Hill Press (Congressional Research Service), 2006.

Duffy, Bernard K., and Ronald H. Carpenter.
Douglas MacArthur
:
Warrior as Wordsmith
. Greenwood Press,
1997
.

Dulles, John Foster.
English Language Coverage of the Visit of the Dulles Mission to Japan
(bound collection of press articles, Tokyo, 1951); Dulles' personal copy, New York Public Library.

Economist Pocket World in Figures
. The Economist and Profile Books, 2013.

Eichelberger, Robert L. Papers. Duke University.

———.
Dear Miss Em: General Eichelberger's War in the Pacific,
1942
–
1945. Edited by Jay Luvaas. Greenwood Press, 1972.

———.
Our Jungle Road to Tokyo
. Viking, 1950.

Emmerson, John K.
The Japanese Thread: A Life in the U.S. Foreign Service.
Holt Rinehart & Winston, 1978.

Evans, Stanton, and Herbert Romerstein.
Stalin's Secret Agents: The Subversion of Roosevelt's Government
. Threshold, 2012.

Fearey, Robert A.
The Occupation of Japan, Second Phase:
1948
–
1950. Macmillan, 1950.

Felton, Mark.
The Devil's Doctors: Japanese Human Experiments on Allied Prisoners of War
. Pen & Sword (UK), 2012.

Finn, Richard B.
Winners in Peace: MacArthur, Yoshida and Postwar Japan
. University of California Press, 1995.

Fitts, Robert.
Remembering Japanese Baseball: An Oral History of the Game
. Southern Illinois University Press, 2005.

Fitzgerald, F. Scott.
The Crack-Up, With Other Uncollected Pieces, Note
-
Books and Unpublished Letters.
Edited by Edmund Wilson. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1931. Reprint, New Directions, 1956.

Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS)
, 1948
,
1949. U.S. Department of State, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976
.

Frank, Richard B.
Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire.
Random House, 1999.

Frank, Richard B.
MacArthur.
Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.

Freidel, Frank.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
:
Launching the New Deal
. Little, Brown, 1973.

Gaddis, John Lewis.
George F. Kennan: An American Life
. Penguin,
2011
.

Gallicchio, Marc, ed.
The Unpredictability of the Past: Memories of the Asia-Pacific War in U.S.–East Asia Relations
. Duke University Press, 2007.

Gallup, George H.
The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion
1935
–
1948. 2 vols. Random House, 1972.

Ganoe, William A.
MacArthur Close-Up: Much Then and Some Now
. Vantage Press, 1962.

Gauntlett, John Owen, and Robert King Hall.
Kokutai no Hongi, Cardinal Principles of the
National Entity of Japan
. Harvard University Press, 1949.

Gayn, Mark.
Japan Diary
. William Sloane Assoc., 1948.

Ginn, John L.
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1948
, by a U.S. Participant.
McFarland, 2011.

Gold, Hal.
Unit
731
Testimony: Japan's Wartime Human Experimentation Program
. Charles F. Tuttle, 1966.

Goodman, Grant K.
America's Japan: The First Year
1945
–
1946. Fordham University Press, 2005.

Gordon, Beate Sirota.
The Only Woman in the Room.
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Graves, William. “Human Treasures of Japan.”
National Geographic
142 (3) (September 1972), 370–79.

Grew, Joseph C.
Ten Years in Japan
. Simon & Schuster, 1944.

Gunther, John.
The Riddle of MacArthur: Japan, Korea and the Far East
. Harper & Bros.,
1951
.

Hadley, Eleanor M. “Trust Busting in Japan.”
Harvard Business Review
26, no. 4 (July 1948), 425–40.

———.
Memoir of a Trustbuster: A Lifelong Adventure with Japan
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Haley, John Owen.
Antitrust in Germany and Japan: The First Fifty Years,
1947
–
1998. University of Washington Press, 2001.

Hall, Robert King.
Education for a New Japan
. Yale University Press, 1949.

Halsey, William F., and J. Bryan.
Admiral Halsey's Story
. Whittlesey House, 1947.

Hanson, Victor Davis. “Matthew Ridgway.” In
The Savior Generals: How Five Great Commanders Saved Wars That Were Lost—From Ancient Greece to Iraq
, edited by Victor Davis Hanson. Bloomsbury Press, 2013.

Harries, Meirion, and Susie Harries.
Sheathing the Sword: The Demilitarization of Japan
. Macmillan, 1987.

Harris, Robert, and Jeremy Paxman.
A Higher Form of Killing: The Secret Story of Gas and Germ Warfare
. Chatto & Windus (UK), 1982.

Harris, Sheldon.
Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare
1932
–
1945
and the American Cover-up
. Routledge, 2002.

Harvey, Robert.
American Shogun: General MacArthur, Emperor Hirohito and the Drama of Modern Japan
. Overlook Press, 2006.

Hastings, Max.
The Korean War
. Simon & Schuster, 1980.

Havens, Thomas R. H.
Artist and Patron in Postwar Japan: Dance, Music, Theater, and the Visual Arts
1955
–
19890. Princeton University Press, 1982.

Hayes, Samuel P.
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Hellegers, Dale M.
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. Stanford University Press, 2002.

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.

Hersh, Seymour M.
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Holton, Daniel C.
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Hoopes, Townsend.
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.

Hopper, Helen.
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Hunt, Frazier.
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Imparato, Edward T.
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Inoue, Kyoko.
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Irokawa, Daikichi.
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.

Jansen, Marius B.
The Making of Modern Japan
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