The Animal Manifesto (26 page)

Page 16
,
in October 2008, the
New York Times Magazine
published a major piece of investigative journalism about the plight of farm animals
:
Maggie Jones, “Barnyard Strategist,”
New York Times,
October 24, 2008,
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/26/magazine/26animal-t.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=pacelle&st=cse&oref=slogin
; “Standing, Stretching, Turning Around,” editorial,
New York Times,
October 8, 2008,
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/09/opinion/09thu3.html?_r=2&th&emc=th&oref=slogin&oref=slogin
.

Page 19
,
As teacher and writer Todd Nelson has pointed out
:
Todd Nelson, “Our Civility Footprint or —
Walk This Way,” Teachers.net Gazette,
March 1, 2008,
http://teachers.net/gazette/MAR08/nels0n
. For the Animal Welfare Institute’s “Compassion Index,” see
http://www.compassionindex.org
.

Page 20
,
Amirtharaj Christy Williams, a biologist with the World Wildlife Fund’s Asian elephant and rhino program:
Amirtharaj Christy Williams, “Where Should the Elephants Go?”
BBC News,
January 14, 2009,
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/science/nature/7828251.stm
.

Page 27
:
Truth be told, the obliteration of animal dignity happens more than daily: UPI,
“USDA Report Allegedly Shows Abuse,” December 4, 2008,
http://www.upi.com/Science_News/2008/12/04/USDA_report_allegedly_shows_abuse/
UPI-63021228429229
.

Page 29
,
Noah Williams, a second-grade activist in Connecticut, wrote:
Jampa Williams and Noah Williams, “Is An Animal A Thing? Or a Being?”
Hartford Courant,
November 11, 2007,
http://connecticutforanimals.blogspot.com/2007/11/hartford-courant-op-ed-7-yo-ct-ar_12.html
.

Page 30
,
Dominick LaCapra claims this is now the “century of the animal”:
Dominick LaCapra’s claim was related to me by Walter Putnam after a lecture I gave at the University of New Mexico, February 6, 2008. In an email on February 9, 2008, Professor LaCapra gave me permission to quote him directly.

Page 31
,
City University of New York psychologist William Crain reports
:
William Crain, “Animal Feelings: Learning Not to Care and Not to Know,”
Green Money Journal,
Fall 2009,
http://www.greenmoneyjournal.com/article.mpl?newsletterid=46&articleid=64O
.

Page 31
,
as has happened with similar bequests, Ms. Helmsley’s wishes were overturned:
Stephanie Strom, “Not All of Helmsley’s Trust Has to Go to Dogs,”
New York Times,
February 25, 2009,
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/26/nyregion/26helmsley.html?scp=1&sq=unti&st=cse
.

Page 32
,
27 percent of pet owners buy birthday gifts:
“Pampered Pets,”
Daily Camera,
June 16, 2008,
http://www.dailycamera.com/news/2008/jun/16/pampered-pets
; Paul Sheehan, “It’s a Dog’s Life — Without One,”
Sydney Morning Herald,
September 3, 2007,
http://www.smh.com.au/newsopinion/its-a-dogs-life—without-one/2007/09/02/1188671796072.html
.

Page 32
,
While racehorses often suffer abuse, they can also be extremely well cared for:
For the story of Barbaro, see
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbaro
; for the story of Molly, see
http://www.snopes.com/photos/animals/molly.asp
, and
http://www.greatpetnet.com/443/molly-the-fantastic-pony
.

Page 36
,
the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) killed a male bear
_:
“Sad End for Bear with Jar on Head,”
BBC News,
July 31, 2008,
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/americas/7534325.stm
.

Page 38
,
In February 2009 a chimpanzee named Travis, who had lived in a human home:
Andy Newman and Anahad O’Connor, “Woman Mauled by Chimp Is Still in Critical Condition,”
New York Times,
February 17, 2009,
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/18/nyregi0n/18chimp.html
.

Page 40
,
Wisconsin lawmakers moved to lower the legal hunting age from twelve years of age to ten:
Ryan J. Foley, “Wisconsin Moves to Lower Hunting Age to 10,”
Associated Press,
June 18, 2009,
http://www.startribune.com/sports/outdoors/48543522.html
.

Page 41
,
As one employee of Wildlife Services was quoted as saying, “No one wants you”: Men’s Journal,
January 2008,
Page 49
.

Page 41
,
In the fiscal year 2007, people working for Wildlife Services killed 2.4 million animals:
Jeff Barnard, “Agency Makes It Tough to Keep Tabs on Animal Kills,”
AG Weekly,
July 31, 2008,
http://www.agweekly.com/articles/2008/07/31/news/ag_news/news31.txt
.

Page 42
,
In 2008, Wildlife Services killed nearly five million wild animals and pets:
“Wildlife Services Exterminates 125% More Animals in 2008,” WildEarth Guardians Press Release, June 17, 2009,
http://www.wildearthguardians.org/library/paper.asp?nMode=i&nLibraryID=765
.

Page 42
,
In Wyoming alone during the fiscalyear 2007, Wildlife Services gunned down:
“Coyote Killing Jumps in State,”
Casper StarTribune,
August 1, 2008,
http://casperstartribune.net/articles/2008/08/01/news/wyoming/
90bcecfdeb42c30f8725749800030485.txt
; for the Alaska wolves, see Rodger Schlickeisen, “14 Wolf Pups Executed in Alaska,”
News Blaze,
August 1, 2008,
http://newsblaze.com/st0ry/20080801080734ts0p.nb/t0pst0ry.html
.

Page 42
,
Wildlife Services had twenty-four accidents with seven fatalities between 1989 and 2006:
For the crash report, see the Sinapu blog,
http://sinapu.wordpress.com/programs/protect-wildlife/the-air-war/aircraft-crashes/
.

Page 45
,
birds in different locations are known to mimic ambulance sirens:
For the details here, see Dawn Stover, “Not So Silent Spring,”
Conservation Magazine
10 (Jan-Mar 2009),
http://www.conservationmagazine.org/articles/vioni/not-so-silent-spring
; Mark Kinver, “City Birds Sing for Silent Nights,”
BBC News,
April 25, 2007,
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/science/nature/6591649.stm
; Mark Kinver, “Light Pollution Forms ‘Eco-Traps,’ “
BBC News,
January 16, 2009,
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/science/nature/7821298.stm
.

Page 45
,
As noted in the
New York Times,
“Most disturbing was the majority’s “
: “Sonar Over Whales,”
New York Times,
October 19, 2008,
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/19/opinion/19iht-edwhales.1.17959146.html
.

Page 46
,
In February 2006, the Food and Agriculture Organization
and
in 1990, about 42 million marine mammals and sea birds were caught in drift nets:
Marc Bekoff, “Ethics and Marine Mammals.” In
Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals,
2nd ed., edited by W. Perrin, B. Würsig, and H. Thewissen, 396 —402 (San Diego: Academic Press, 2008).

Page 47
,
local changes in climate are responsible for an increase in tiger attacks:
“Climate Change Is Driving Increase in Tiger Attacks,”
New Scientist,
October 21, 2008,
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn15000
.

Page 47
,
The migration patterns of Pacific brants, a sea goose, are changing:
Mark Kinver, “Warming Arctic ‘Halts Migration,’”
BBC News,
September 17, 2009,
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/science/nature/8257299.stm
.

Page 47
,
recent studies have found that polar bears are getting smaller
_:
Victoria Gill, “ ‘Stress’ Is Shrinking Polar Bears,”
BBC News,
August 25, 2009,
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/science/nature/8214673.stm
.

Page 47
,
biologist William Laurance argues that other less charismatic species:
William Laurance, “Move Over, Polar Bear,”
New Scientist,
January 7, 2009,
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20126904.300-m0ve-0ver-polar-bear.html
.

Page 49
,
John Hadidian, author of
Wild Neighbors: The Humane Approach to Living with Wildlife: Joyce Wadler, “There Are Other Ways,”
New York Times,
June 5, 2008,
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9805EFD81E3FF936A35755C0A96E9C8B63&scp=1&sq=hadidian&st=cse
.

Page 49
,
Indeed, recent studies of mountain lions living around Thousand Oaks, California:
Rachel McGrath, “Mountain Lions Are Learning to Live with Developments,”
Ventura County Star,
January 20, 2009,
http://www.venturacountystar.com/news/2009/jan/2o/mountain-lions-are-learning-to-live-with
.

Page 55
,
In a 2008 essay in the
New York Times,
James Vlahos wrote about “pillpopping pets”:
James Vlahos, “Pill-Popping Pets,”
New York Times Magazine,
July 13, 2008,
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/13/magazine/13pets-t.html
.

Page 56
,
Birds are quickly being recognized as equal to mammals:
For these details, see Virginia Morell, “Minds of Their Own,”
National Geographic,
March 2008,
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/03/animal-minds/virginia-morell-text
; Brandon Keim, “Clever Critters: 8 Best Non-Human Tool Users,”
Wired Science,
January 16, 2009,
http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2009/01/animaltools
; Ed Yong, “The Evolutionary Story of the ‘Language Gene,’”
New Scientist,
August 13, 2008,
http://www.newscientist.com/channel/being-human/mg19926691.800-the-evolutionary-story-of-the-language-gene.html
.

Page 57
,
Consider, for instance, the ability of cormorants to count:
Erling Hoh, “Flying Fishes of Wucheng,”
Natural History,
October 1998,
http://find-articles.com/p/articles/mi_m1134/is_n8_v107/ai_21191222/pg_4?tag=artBody;coli
.

Page 58
,
“Queen’s University says new research it conducted shows crabs”:
“Crabs ‘Sense and Remember Pain,’”
BBC News,
March 27, 2009,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/7966807.stm
.

Page 58
,
“A South American river dolphin uses branches, weeds and lumps of clay”:
Richard Black, “Dolphin Woos with Wood and Grass,”
BBC News,
March 26, 2008,
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/science/nature/7313385.stm
.

Page 59
,
“Degus are highly social, intelligent rodents”:
Sandra Blakeslee, “What a Rodent Can Do With a Rake in Its Paw,”
New York Times,
March 26, 2008,
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/26/science/26r0dentw.html
.

Page 59
,
“Recent research shows that cuttlefish can do things”:
Michael Brooks, “The Secret Language of Cuttlefish,”
New Scientist,
April 26, 2008,
http://www.newscientist.com/channel/life/mg9826531.000-the-secret-language-of-cuttlefish.html
.

Page 59
,
“A wild dolphin is apparently teaching other members”:
Richard Black, “Wild Dolphins Tail-walk on Water,”
BBC News,
August 19, 2008,
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/science/nature/7570097.stm
.

Page 60
,
“A 15-year-old South Australian school student has busted the myth “
: “Schoolboy Explodes Goldfish Memory Myth,”
The Age,
February 18, 2008,
http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2008/02/18/1203190696599.html
; “Three-Second Memory Myth,”
The Daily Mail,
January 7, 2009,
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1106884/Three-second-memory-myth-Fish-remember-months.html
.

Page 60
,
“Bees display a remarkable range of talents”:
Christof Koch, “Exploring Consciousness through the Study of Bees,”
Scientific American,
December 2008,
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=exploring-consciousness
.

Page 61
, “
Worker ants in colonies with a queen are physically attacked”:
“Ants ‘Get Aggressive with Cheats,’ “
BBC News,
January 10, 2009,
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/science/nature/7818692.stm
.

Page 61
,
“Female monkeys in Thailand have been observed showing their young”:
“Monkeys ‘Teach Infants to Floss,’”
BBC News,
March 12, 2009,
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7940052.stm
.

Page 62
,
“Scientists believe they have solved the mystery of why”:
Rebecca Morelle, “Chimps Craft Ultimate Fishing Rod,”
BBC News,
March 4, 2009,
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/science/nature/7922120.stm
.

Page 62
,
“Humpback whales have come up with a novel way”:
Rebecca Morelle, “Hungry Whales Steal Birds’ Dinner,”
BBC News,
March 17, 2009,
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/science/nature/7940396.stm
.

Page 63
,
“Researchers have found that bearded capuchin monkeys”:
Henry Fountain, “For the Tough Nuts, Capuchin Monkeys Select the Right Stones,”
New York Times,
January 16, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/20/science/200btool.html?_r=1 & scp=1 & sq=monkeys%20pick%2oright & st=cse.

Page 63
,
“Monkeys can feel regret too
—
at least when playing”:
Fiona MacRae, “Monkeys Have Regrets Just Like Humans — At Least When They’re Playing Deal or No Deal,”
Daily Mail,
May 15, 2009,
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1181650/Monkeys-regrets-just-like-humans—theyre-playing-Deal-No-Deal.xhtml#ixzzoM6DwoV3Q
.