The Animal Manifesto (28 page)

Page 115
,
In Australia 470 million chickens were slaughtered from 2006 to zooy:
For more information, see
Voiceless,
the website of the Animal Protection Institute in Australia; the numbers here are cited from the “Nest to Nugget” report,
http://www.voiceless.org.au/images/stories/reports/from_nest_to_nugget_cas_online_final.pdf
.

Page 116
,
documented in 2008 at the Aviagen Turkeys plant in Lewisburg, West Virginia:
Donald B. McNeil Jr., “Group Documents Cruelty to Turkeys,”
New York Times,
November 18, 2008,
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/
11/19/dining/19peta.html?scp=1&sq=cruelty%20turkeys&st=cse
.

Page 116
,
Cows display strong emotions; they feel pain, fear, and anxiety:
Jonathan Leake, “The Secret Life of Moody Cows,”
The Times,
February 27, 2005,
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article416070.ece
.

Page 116
,
While some have suggested that one solution would be to genetically
engineer “pain-free” animals:
Ewen Callawy, “Pain-free Animals Could Take Suffering Out of Farming,”
New Scientist,
September 2, 2009,
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20327243.400-painfree-animals-could-take-suffering-out-of-farming.html?full=true
.

Page 117
,
Intensively farmed fish suffer from a range of welfare problems:
Peter Stevenson, “Closed Waters,” the World Society for the Protection of
Animals, 2007 report,
http://www.ciwf.org.uk/includes/documents/
cm_docs/2008/c/closed_waters_welfare_of_farmed_atlantic_salmon.pdf
.

Page 117
,
The shocking abuse of “downer” cows . . . an undercover investigation by the U.S. Humane Society:
“Expanded Undercover Investigation Shows Mistreatment of Downer Cows Is Commonplace at Livestock Auctions,”
HSUS,
May 7, 2008,
http://www.hsus.org/farm/news/ournews/d0wner_investigati0n_050708.html
.

Page 117
,
in July 2008, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger strengthened the legal protections:
“Farm Sanctuary Applauds Governor Schwarzenegger for Strengthening Legal Protections,”
Reuters,
July 23, 2008,
http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS258696+23-Jul-2008+BW20080723
; “Government Bans ‘Downer’ Cows from Food Supply,”
Associated Press,
March 14, 2009,
http://www.newsvine.com/_news/2009/03/14/2546655-government-bans-downer-cows-from-food-supply
.

Page 117
,
Raising animals in conditions that foster disease:
For more information on factory farms, see the Humane Farming Association (https://hfa.org) and the Humane Society of the United States Factory Farming Campaign (www. hsus.org/ farm).

Page 117
,
Physicians at the Austin Medical Center in Minnesota were mystified:
Denise Grady, “A Medical Mystery Unfolds at Minnesota Meatpacking Plant,”
New York Times,
February 5, 2008,
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/05/health/05iht-O5pork.9742270.html
.

Page 118
,
“We continue to allow agribusiness companies to add antibiotics”:
Nicholas Kristof, “Pathogens in Our Pork,”
New York Times,
March 14, 2009,
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/15/opinion/15krist0f.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=pathogens%20pork&st=cse
.

Page 118
,
“We don’t let hog or dairy farms spread their waste unregulated”:
Ian Urbina, “In Maryland, Focus on Poultry Industry Pollution,”
New York Times,
November 28, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/29/ us/29poultry.html?_r=1 & scp=1 & sq=maryland%20poultry & st=cse.

Page 119
,
industrial meat production is harming the planet, helping spur climate change, and degrading life for all species:
For more information about industrial agriculture and the environment, see the
Compassion in World Farming
publications,
http://www.ciwf.org.uk/resources/publications/environment_sustainability
/default.aspx
.

Page 119
,
In New Zealand, 34.2. million sheep, S)-J million cattle, 1.4 million deer:
Bijal Trivedi, “How Kangaroo Burgers Could Save the Planet,”
New Scientist,
December 25, 2008,
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20026873.100-how-kangaroo-burgers-could-save-the-planet.html
.

Page 119
,
“producing a pound of beef creates 11 times as much greenhouse gas
emission”:
Elisabeth Rosenthal, “As More Eat Meat, a Bid to Cut Emissions,”
New York Times,
December 3, 2008,
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/04/science/earth/04meat.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1&ref=science
.

Page 119
,
“Global demand for meat has multiplied in recent years “:
Mark Bittman, “
Rethinking the Meat-Guzzler,”
New York Times,
January 27, 2008,
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/27/weekinreview/27bittman.html
.

Page 120
,
pharmaceutical medicines, pesticides, and chemicals used to treat andprotect agricultural animals:
Peter M. J. Fisher and Ross Scott, “Evaluating and Controlling Pharmaceutical Emissions from Dairy Farms: A Critical First Step in Developing a Preventative Management Approach,”
Journal of Cleaner Production
16, no. 14 (September 2008),
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&
_udi=B6VFX4SSGCHo2&_user=io&_rdoc=i&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_version=i&_urlVersion=o&_userid=io&md5=dcf6dc9401f4ab66fc65757e55adef91
.

Page 120
,
one article summarized the report, “Don’t eat meat, ride a bike, and be a frugal shopper”:
“Lifestyle Changes Can Curb Climate Change: IPCC Chief,”
Agence France-Presse,
January 15, 2008,
http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iIVBkZpOUA9Hz3Xc2u-61mDlrwoQ
.

Page 121
,
a 2.008 study at Carnegie Mellon University found that “foregoing red meat and dairy just one day a week”:
Natasha Loder, Elizabeth Finkel, Craig Meisner, and Pamela Ronald, “The Problem of What to Eat,”
Conservation Magazine
9, no. 3 (July/September 2008),
http://www.conservationmagazine.org/articles/v9n3/the-problem-of-what-to-eat
.

Page 121
,
the carbon footprint of meat-eaters is almost twice that of vegetarians:
A. C. Bert, “Love Mother Earth? Slash Carbon Footprint by Going Veggie,”
Now Public
blog, August 26, 2008,
http://www.nowpublic.com/environment/love-mother-earth-slash-carbon-footprint-going-veggie

Page 121
,
humans are now consuming allresources jo percent faster than the
sustainable rate of replenishment:
“6.7 Billion People Overconsume by 30%,”
World Population Balance Newsletter,
August 2009,
http://www.worldpopulationbalance.org/wpb_newsletters/
wpb_newsletter_2009aug.pdf
.

Page 124
,
“Switching from the average American diet to a vegetarian one”:
Bijal Trivedi, “What Is Your Dinner Doing to the Climate?”
New Scientist,
September 11, 2008,
http://environment.newscientist.com/article/mg19926731.700
.

Page 129
,
the U.S. National Research Council recently concluded that the testing of toxic substances:
“Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy,” National Academy of Sciences, 2007,
http://dels.nas.edu/dels/rpt_briefs/Toxicity_Testing_final.pdf
; for the report from England, see “Call to End Animal Pain-Research,” BBC News, August 14, 2008,
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/health/7561061.stm
.

Page 129
,
Sharon Begley discovered that “153 out of’ 167 government-funded studies of bisphenol-A”:
Sharon Begley, “Just Say No — To Bad Science,”
Newsweek,
2007,
http://www.newsweek.com/id/35104
.

Page 130
,
rent the 2005 documentary film
Earthlings: To see a preview of
Earthlings,
and get information about screenings, visit
http://www.earthlings.com
.

Page 131
,
“The Army says it’s critical to saving the lives of wounded soldiers”:
“Army Shoots Live Pigs for Medical Drill,”
MSNBC,
July 18, 2008,
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/25735344/
.

Page 131
,
“Newly released videos are raising questions about the military’s continued use “:
“Videos Renew Debate on Military Use of Animals,”
CNN,
June 5, 2009,
http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/06/05/military.animals.training
.

Page 132
,
“A dolphin has died after colliding with another dolphin “:
“Dolphin Dies After Aerial Collision in US,”
Sydney Morning Herald,
April 29, 2008,
http://www.smh.com.au/news/news/dolphin-dies-after-aerial-collision-in-us/2008/04/29/1209234842080.html
.

Page 132
,
“The Berlin Zoo is under pressure to explain the fate of hundreds of animals”:
Kate Connolly, “Unbearable Zoo Mystery Turns into Potboiler,”
Sydney Morning Herald,
March 29, 2008,
http://www.smh.com.au/news/environment/unbearable-zoo-mystery-turns-into-potboiler/2008/03/28/1206207408578.html
.

Page 133
,
“Senior zoo experts, staff and the RSPCA have accused the Melbourne Zoo”:
Royce Miller and Cameron Houston, “Zoo Rocked by Abuse Allegations,”
The Age,
January 19, 2008,
http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/zoo-rocked-by-abuse-allegations/2008/01/18/1200620212113.html
.

Page 134
,
“Staff at a Hamburg zoo say one of their orangutans died”:
“Orangutan Drowns in German Zoo,”
De Spiegel,
July 31, 2008,
http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/0,1518,569266,00.html
.

Page 134
, “
Thirty-two research monkeys at a Nevada laboratory died”:
Scott Sonner, “32 Research Monkeys Die in Accident at Nevada Lab,”
Asssociated Press,
August 7, 2008,
http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Aug07/0,4670,ResearchMonkeyDeaths,00.html
.

Page 134
,
“A monkey, slotted to be used in a drug-product research experiment”:
Chris Halsne, “Monkey Boiled Alive at Research Lab,” KIRO TV, January 31, 2008,
http://www.kirotv.com/news/15189249/detail.html
.

Page 136
,
U.S. Department of Agriculture statistics for the fiscal year
2005
listed:
The information about this USDA report is from the “Animal Experimentation in the United States (2007)” fact sheet by
Stop Animal Exploitation Now,
http://www.all-creatures.org/saen/fact-anex-2007.html
.

Page 136
,
Worldwide in zoo5, it was estimated that in ijg countries about 58.3
million:
Katy Taylor, N. Gordon, G. Langley, and W. Higgins, “Estimates for Worldwide Laboratory Animal Use in 2005,”
Alternatives to Laboratory Animals
36 (2008): 327 —42.

Page 136
,
Veterinarian Andrew Knight has estimated that 68,607, 807 additional animals:
Andrew Knight, “127 Million Non-human Vertebrates Used Worldwide for Scientific Purposes in 2005,”
ATLA: Alternatives to Laboratory Animals
36, no. 5 (2008): 494 —96.

Page 137
,
Britain reported that experiments on animals rose to 3.2 million:
Nigel Morris, “Experiments on Animals Rose to 3.2m Last Year,”
The Independent,
July 22, 2008,
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/experiments-on-animals-rose-to-32m-last-year-873747.html
.

Page 137
,
In the United States . . . a marked increase in primates imported:
These numbers come from the Humane Society of the United States website, “An Introduction to Primate Issues,”
http://www.hsus.org/animals_in_research/
general_information_on_animal_research/an_introduction_to_primate_issues.html
.

Page 137
,
“In all, 1,149people were convicted in
2007
for crimes against animals”:
James Meikle, “RSPCA: ‘Throwaway Society’ Blamed as Animal Cruelty Convictions Rise,”
The Guardian,
July 30, 2008,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2008/jul/30/ukcrime
.

Page 138
,
the market for purebred or pedigree dogs has led to the rise of abusive “puppy mills”:
For more information, see the Humane Society of the United States website, “Puppy Mills,”
http://www.hsus.org/pets/issues_affecting_our_pets/get_the_facts_on_puppy_mills
.

Page 138
,
Renowned Australian veterinarian Paul McGreevy laments, “Pedigree dogs”:
Paul McGreevy, “Comment: We Must Breed Happier, Healthier Dogs,”
New Scientist,
October 8, 2008,
http://www.newscientist.com/channel/opinion/mg20026776.400-comment-we-must-breed-happier-healthier-dogs.html
; for BBC coverage of the Crufts dog show, see Henry Chu, “A British Fight Over Dog-breeding Ethics Gets Pug Ugly,”
Los Angeles Times,
March 5, 2009,
http://articles.latimes.com/2009/mar/O5/world/fg-britain-dogshow5
.

Page 138
,
Internationally, millions of wild animals are traded illegally:
For more information on the illegal wildlife trade, see the websites of the Humane Society of the United States, “Wildlife Trade,”
http://www.hsus.org/wildlife/issues_facing_wildlife/wildlife_
trade, and of “Traffic,”
http://www.traffic.org
.

Page 140
,
Worldwide, as many as 300, 000 cetaceans slowly meet their death:
For this information, see “Shrouded by the Sea: The Animal Welfare Implications of Cetacean Bycatch in Fisheries — a Summary Document,” Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (2008),
http://www.wdcs.org/submissions_bin/wdcs__bycatchrep0rt_2008.pdf
.

Page 141
,
a thirty-year study on Ram Mountain in Alberta, Canada, biologist
Marco Festa-Bianchet Sherbrooke:
Lily Huang, “It’s Survival of the Weak and Scrawny,”
Newsweek,
January 12, 2009,
http://www.newsweek.com/id/177709?from=rss
. For more on this research, see Cornelia Dean, “Research Ties Human Acts to Harmful Rates of Species Evolution,”
New York Times,
January 12, 2009,
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/13/science/I3fish.html?_r=2&ref=science
.