The Animal Manifesto (27 page)

Page 64
,
“The legendary ‘bad temper’ of mules is because”:
“Grumpy Mules ‘Highly intelligent,’”
BBC News,
September 3, 2008,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/devon/7596494.stm
.

Page 64
,
“Magpies can recognise themselves in a mirror, scientists have found”:
“Magpie ‘Can Recognise Reflection,’”
BBC News,
August 19, 2008,
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/science/nature/7570291.stm
.

Page 65
,
“A wild dolphin has been observed following a specific recipe”:
Christine Dell’Amore, “Dolphin ‘Chef Follows Cuttlefish Recipe,”
National Geographic News,
January 28, 2009,
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/01/090128-dolphin-cuttlefish-meal.html
.

Page 65
,
“Sperm whales are one of the deepest diving whales”:
Richard Gray, “Sperm Whales Use Babysitters for Young,”
The Telegraph,
June 13, 2009,
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/wildlife/552192o/Sperm-whalesuse-babysitters-for-young.html
.

Page
66, “Dozens of people flocked the shoreline at Laniakea Beach “
:
“Turtle Love Goes Beyond the Grave,”
CNN,
July 24, 2008: for a clip of the CNN report, go to
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YzfkeVtddIM
; for a transcript, go to
http://editi0n.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0807/24/cnr.02.html
.

Page
66, “Eleven-year-old gorilla Gana was holding her three-month-old baby”:
Marcus Dunk, “A Mother’s Grief: Heartbroken Gorilla Cradles Her Dead Baby,”
Daily News,
August 18, 2008,
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1046549/A-mothers-grief-Heartbroken-gorilla-cradles-dead-baby.html
.

Page 68
,
Christine Huffard, a graduate student at the University of California at Berkeley
_:
Rachel Tompa, “The Secret Love Lives of Octopi,”
Monterey Herald,
April 12,2008,
http://www.racheltompa.com/documents/Herald/Octopi041208.pdf
; “Sea of Love: Octopi Have Sophisticated Sex Lives,” Bubblejam.net, April 2, 2008,
http://www.bubblejam.net/brain/science
.

Page 68
,
Consider the reflections of George Schaller:
Michael Bond, “Interview: Feral and Free,”
New Scientist,
April 5, 2007,
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg9425981.600-interview-feral-and-free.html
.

Page 69
,
Researcher James Burns and his colleagues reported in the prestigious journal
Ethology: J. G. Burns, A. Saravanan, and F. H. Rodd. “Rearing Environment Affects the Brain Size of Guppies: Lab-Reared Guppies Have Smaller Brains than Wild-Caught Guppies.”
Ethology
115 (2009): 122 —33.

Page 70
,
Masking emotions can be a very important social skill:
In general, see T. Dalgleish and M. Power,
Handbook of Cognition and Emotion
(New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1999),
http://www.vhml.org/theses/wijayat/sources/writings/papers/facial_expression.pdf
. For evidence in apes, see Joanne Tanner and Richard Byrne, “Concealing Facial Evidence of Mood: Perspective-taking in a Captive Gorilla?”
Primates
34, no. 4 (October 1993),
http://www.springerlink.com/content/p12153u435uvtu37
.

Page 70
,
“The life of bees is like a magic well”:
Quoted in Bert Hölldobler and E. O. Wilson,
The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance, and Strangeness of Insect Societies
(New York: W W Norton and Company, 2009), 73.

Page 70
,
In China in December 2008, a trio of monkeys attacked their trainer:
“Performing Monkeys Attack Trainer in China,”
The Telegraph,
December 17, 2008,
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/3816785/Performing-monkeys-attack-trainer-in-China.html
.

Page 70
,
In another incident, a male chimpanzee at the Kolkata Zoo:
“Chimp Takes Revenge at Indian Zoo,”
Mail & Guardian,
December 15, 2008,
http://www.mg.co.za/article/2008-12-15-chimp-takes-revenge-at-indian-zoo
.

Page 71
,
Elephant expert Iain Douglas-Hamilton wrote to me in a recent email:
Quote from personal email to author, January 9, 2008. For more on elephant news, visit Save the Elephants (STE;
http://www.savetheelephants.org/elephant-news-service.html
), a news serve run by Melissa Groo.

Page 71
,
researchers in Namibia’s Etosha National Park are luring bull males:
James Morgan, “Vibrations ‘Could Save Elephants,’”
BBC News,
February 14, 2009,
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/science/nature/7890919.stm
.

Page 71
,
this moving account of a funeral service for a baby who was mauled to death:
Peter Jackson, “The Elephants’ Farewell in Botswana,”
Sunday Times,
January 28, 2007,
http://travel.timesonline.co.uk/tol/
life_and_style/travel/destinations/africa/article1271944.ece
.

Page 72
,
Elephants have also been observed mourning a black rhinoceros:
Schalk van Schalkwyk, “Elephant’s Sad Farewell to Friend,”
News24.com
,
February 10, 2009,
http://www.news24.com/News24/South_Africa/News/o,2-7-1442_2467026,00.html
.

Page 73
,
I met some of these traumatized elephants at the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust:
For more on this organization, see
http://www.sheldrickwildlifetrust.org/index.asp
.

Page 73
,
A review of survivorship in Asian and African zoo elephants:
R. M. Clubb,
M. Rowcliffe, P. Lee, K. U. Mar, C. Moss, and G. Mason, “Compromised Survivorship in Zoo Elephants,”
Science
322 (2008): 1649.

Page 75
,
in June
2006,
researchers reported in the journal Science:
Dale J. Langford et al. “Social Modulation of Pain as Evidence for Empathy in Mice,”
Science
312 (2006): 1967.

Page 75
,
In a study of “muskrat love, “researchers separated nine male voles:
Denise Gellene, “Bonding with a Mate Changes Brain Chemistry, Researchers Find,”
Los Angeles Times,
October 16, 2008,
http://articles.latimes.com/2008/oct/16/science/sci-vole16
.

Page 78
, I
like what Australian Bradley Trevor Greive, writes:
Bradley Trevor Greive,
Priceless: The Vanishing Beauty of a Fragile Planet
(Kansas City, MO: Andrews McMeel Publishing, 2003), 93.

Page 82
,
“Scientists are gathering evidence that[walruses are]”:
Natalie Angier, “Who Is the Walrus?”
New York Times,
May 28, 2008,
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/2o/science/2owalrus.html?_r=1&sq=walruses&st=cse&scp=2&pagewanted=all
.

Page 82
,
“By all accounts the baby kangaroo should have not survived”:
“Best Mates, the Baby Kangaroo and the Wonder Dog that Saved It,”
Daily Mail,
March 31, 2008,
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-551330/Best-mates-baby-kangaroo-wonder-dog-saved-it.html
.

Page 83
,
“A pygmy killer whale that beached itself on Maui”:
Dan Nakaso, “Podmates Aided Dying Whale in Its Last Days”
Honolulu Advertiser,
May 27, 2009,
http://www.network54.com/Forum/235380/
thread/1245336554/last-1245336554/Podmates+aided+dying+whale+in+its+last+days
.

Page 83
,
“It looks like a moment of terror
—
a diver”:
“The Amazing Moment Mila the Beluga Whale Saved a Stricken Diver’s Life by Pushing Her to the Surface,”
Daily Mail,
July 29, 2009,
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1202941/Pictured-The-moment-Mila-brave-Beluga-whale-saved-stricken-divers-life-pushing-surface.html
. 4,
“In a case which gives the lie to the saying about ‘fighting like cats and
“Hero Dog Risks Life to Save Kittens from Fire,”
Reuters,
October 26, 2008,
http://www.reuters.com/article/oddlyEnoughNews/idUSTRE49P1VZ20081026
.

Page 84
,
“The wandering 65-pound Pit Bull mix”:
Amy Lieberman, “Stray Pit Bull Saves Woman, Child from Attacker,”
Zootoo Pet News,
November 5, 2008,
http://www.zootoo.com/petnews/straydogsaveswomanchildheldatk
.

Page 85
,
“A dog is recovering after a Florida Keys carpenter dove in “:
“Man Dives In to Save Dog from Florida Shark Attack,”
MSNBC,
September 30, 2008,
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26956958/?gti=43001
.

Page 85
,
“A local security guard recently discovered a peculiar scene”:
“An Unusual Relationship Between Birds and Fishes,”
Spluch Blogspot,
August 30, 2007,
http://spluch.blogspot.com/2007/08/unusual-relationship-between-birds-and.html
.
Page 86
,
“A dolphin has come to the rescue of two whales”:
“New Zealand dolphin Rescues Beached Whales,”
BBC News,
March 12, 2008,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7291501.stm
.

Page 87
,
“An eight-year-old dog has touched the hearts of Argentines “:
Daniel Schweimler, “Argentine Dog Saves Abandoned Baby,”
BBC News,
August 23, 2008,
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/americas/7577275.stm
.

Page 87
,
“Trapped in a dark sewer, the six little mallard ducklings “:
Paul Sims, “Amazing Rescue by a Mother Duck Who Went the Extra Mile,”
Daily Mail,
June 17, 2008,
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1026801/Amazing-rescue-mother-duck-went-extra-mile.html
.

Page 88
,
“A 25o-pound bear stranded under a bridge near Lake Tahoe”:
“Bear Rescued from Bridge after Nearly Falling Off,”
MSNBC,
October 1, 2007,
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/21078089
.

Page 89
,
Consider these scenarios. A teenage female elephant was once nursing:
For more on the examples in this section, see Marc Bekoff,
Wild Justice.

Page 93
,
Domestic animals do this so naturally and powerfully:
One example of this is the essay “The Healing Power of Dogs” by Tara Parker-Pope,
New York
Times,
January 8, 2008,
http://well.bl0gs.nytimes.com/2008/01/08/the-healing-power-of-dogs
.

Page 94
,
Consider a study conducted by psychologist Carolyn ZahnWaxler
_:
C.Zahn-Waxler, M. Radke-Yarrow, E. Wagner, and M. Chapman, “Development of Concern for Others,”
Developmental Psychology
28 (1992): 126 —36.

Page 94
,
In a completely different study, one focused on alleviating stress, Karen
Allen:
Karen Allen et al., “Presence of Human Friends and Pet Dogs as Moderators of Autonomic Responses to Stress in
Women.” Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology
61 (1991): 582 —89.

Page 95
,
“My entire life has been touched by birds”:
This story was sent by Alexandria Neonakis to the author by email on August 14, 2008.

Page 106
,
we suffer from what. . . Richard Louv calls nature-deficit disorder:
See Richard Louv,
Last Child in the Woods,
and the author’s website,
http://richardlouv.com
. For more on the Children and Nature Network, visit
http://www.childrenandnature.org
.

Page 107
, Australian environmental ethicist Rod Bennison has developed the notion:
Rod Bennison, “Ecological Inclusion: An History of the Ideas That Have Shaped the Interaction Between Human and NonHuman Animals with a View to a New Interrelationship,” PhD diss., University of Newcastle, Australia, 2007.

Page 107
,
“Not long ago I lectured a group of keen university students “:
Clive Marks, “When Extinction Becomes a Heresy,”
Sydney Morning Herald,
September 27, 2008,
http://www.smh.com.au/news/environment/conservation/when-extinction-becomes-a-heresy/2008/09/26/1222217517619.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap2
.

Page 108
,
“That’s the way hunting works. The thingyou’re hunting for”:
William Yardley, “Wolves Aren’t Making It Easy for Idaho Hunters,”
New York Times,
September 10, 2009,
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/11/us/nwolves.html?_r=1&hp
. Emphasis added by author.

Page 109
,
Already living at the Moon Bear Centre were two dogs:
For more about the Moon Bear Centre, visit
www.animalsasia.org
. For more about Tremor and Richter, visit
http://www.animalsasia.org/blog/index.php?entry=entry080804-204808
and
http://www.animalsasia.org/blog/index.php?entry=entry080723-001948
.

Page 110
,
a New York restaurant purchased a just-caught 140-year-old lobster:
“NY Eatery Frees Ancient Lobster,”
BBC News,
January 10, 2009,
http://news.bbc.co.Uk/2/hi/americas/7821645.stm
.

Page 113
,
“Seeing those guys go at a zolb turkey is like poetry”: Time,
December 3, 2007,
Page 29
.

Page 113
,
“In a study of urban, middle class children, Alina Pavlakos”:
William Crain, “Animal Feelings: Learning Not to Care and Not to Know,”
Green Money Journal,
summer 2009,
http://www.greenmoneyjournal.com/article.mpl?newsletterid=46&articleid=64O
.

Page 114
,
The former mayor of Ojai, California, Suza Francina, has written that 4-Hprograms:
Suza Francina, “4-H Responsibility Should Include Visit to Slaughterhouse,”
Ventura County Star,
August 16, 2009,
http://www.venturacountystar.com/news/2009/aug/16/4-h-responsibility-should-include-\visit-to
.