The Atlantic and Its Enemies (93 page)

Index

Abakumov, Viktor

Abdullah, King of Jordan

Abercrombie, Sir Patrick

Abidjan

ABM (anti-ballistic missile) treaty (1972)

abortion

Abrams, Creighton

Acheson, Dean

actors, politics of

Adana

Adenauer, Konrad:

acceptance of division of Germany

and Berlin crisis of

diplomatic relations with USSR

and EEC

and Erhard

founding of Christian Democratic Union

and Franco-German relations

privatization policy

and Suez crisis

and universities

and welfare system

Adzhubey, Alexey

Afghanistan

AFL-CIO (American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations)

Aganbegyan, Abel

Ağca, Mehmet Alı

Agent Orange (herbicide)

Agitation and Propaganda, Department of (USSR)

Agnew, Spiro

Agrarian Party (Czechoslovak)

AIDS

Aitken, Jonathan

Aitmatov, Cingiz

Akhmatova, Anna

Alaska

Alaskan Pipeline

Albania

Albanians

Alevis

Algeria:

French rule

independence

nationalism

oil production

pieds noirs

Algerian war (1954-62)

Algiers

Aliev, Haydar

Allende, Salvador:

background and character

and Carter

election as president

international reputation

overthrow and death

reforms

speech to United Nations (1972)

‘Alliance for Progress’ (American plan for Latin America)

Alma Ata

Almeida, Juan

Alsthom-Atlantique (corporation)

Altamira, Carlos

Althusser, Louis

Altman, Nathan

Amalrik, Andrey

Amin, Hafizullah

Anatolia

GAP project

Anderson, Lindsay

Andics, Erzsébert

Andreotti, Giulio

Andropov, Yuri:

and Afghanistan

General Secretary

and Gorbachev

KGB head

nationalities policy

Angola

Ankara

Ankara College

Ankara University

Bilkent University

Çubuk reservoir

Middle East Technical University

Anna Comnena, Princess

Annan, Noel, Baron

Our Age

Antep

anti-alcohol campaign (USSR)

anti-Fascism

anti-semitism

anti-Zionism

Ap Bac, battle of (1963)

appeasement

Apple (corporation)

Aqaba, Gulf of

Aquinas, Thomas

Arab Legion

Arafat, Yasser

Aragon, Louis

Araucanian Indians

Arbatov, Georgy

Arbenz, Jacobo

Arendt, Hannah

Argentina

Falklands War (1982)

Arizona

Armenia

Armenians

ARVN (Army of the Republic of Vietnam)

Assad, Hafiz

Assyrian Christians

Astor, David

Aswan Dam

AT&T (corporation)

Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal

Athens

atomic bombs:

American

British

espionage

Soviet
see also
nuclear weapons

Atomic Energy Commission

Atomium (Brussels)

Attali, Jacques

Auschwitz concentration camp

Australia

Austria:

army

author’s studies in

Catholic Church

Communist Party

cultural institutions

Dollfuss dictatorship

espionage in

Jewish transit centre

Marshall Plan aid

neutrality

post-war occupation zones

pre-First World War parliament

private companies

relations with Hungary

Social Democrats

Staatsvertrag
(state treaty; 1955)

and USSR

war criminals

Yugoslav territorial claims

Austrian school of economics

Austro-Hungarian empire

automobile industry:

Britain

France

Germany

Italy

Japan

Sweden

USA

AVO (Hungarian security police)

Aylwin, Patricio

Azerbaidjan

Azeri Turks

Aznavour, Charles

Baader, Andreas

Bacílek, Karol

Bacon, Robert,
Britain’s Economic Problem

Bad Godesberg

Baden

Baden-Baden

Baekeland, Leo

Baghdad Pact

Bagram airbase

Bahr, Egon

Bahrain

Bakelite

Baker, James

Baker, Kenneth, Baron Baker of Dorking

Baku

Congress of the Peoples of the East (1920)

Balfour Declaration (1917)

Balogh, Sándor

Balogh, Thomas, Baron

Baltic states
see also
Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania

Baltimore

Baluchis

Balzac, Honoré de

Bandung conference (1955)

Bank of England

Bank for International Settlements

banking crisis (2008-9)

Barcelona

Barchard, David

Bari

Barings Bank

Barkey, Henri

Barnett, Correlli

Barraclough, Geoffrey,
Origins of Modern Germany

Barthes, Roland

Bartley, Robert

Barzani, Mustafa

BASF (corporation)

Basle

Batista, Fulgencio

Bauer, Peter, Baron

Bavaria

Bay of Pigs invasion (1961)

Bayly, Sir Christopher

Bayonne

Bayreuth

BBC

Bearsden, Scotland

Beatles, the

Beckett, Samuel

Beduins

Beethoven, Ludwig van

Fidelio

Belgian Congo

Belgium:

coal and steel production

colonies

and EEC

and Kurdish nationalism

and Marshall Plan

nationalism

oil imports

Second World War

universities
see also
Benelux

Belgrano
(battleship)

Bell, Marie

Ben Bella, Ahmed

Benelux

Beneš, Edvard

Bengal

Bennett, Catherine

Bennett, William

Beria, Lavrenti

overthrow and execution

Berkeley, University of

Berlin:

blockade of 1948-9

bomb damage

crisis of 1961

introduction of
Deutsche Mark
in Western zone

Soviet occupation zone

wartime

see also
East Berlin; West Berlin

Berlin Wall:

building of

fall of

Berman, Jakub

Besançon, Alain

Bessarabia

Bessmertnykh, Aleksandr

Bevin, Ernest

Bichelonne, Jean

Bien Hoa airfield

Biermann, Wolf

Bierut, Bolesław

Biffen, John, Baron

Bilkent University

Bíngöl

biological warfare

biotechnology

Birmingham

Birmingham University

Bismarck, Otto von

Bissell, Richard

Bitlis

‘Bizonia’/‘Trizonia’ (Allied occupation zones in Germany)

Blackbourn, David

Blair, Tony

Blake, William

Blanning, Tim

Bloch, Ernst

Blunt, (Sir) Anthony

Blyukher, Vasily

BMW (automobile manufacturer)

‘boat people’:

Cambodian

Vietnamese

Bodleian Library, Oxford

Bogomolov, Oleg

Bohlen, Charles E.

Bohley, Bärbel

Böhm, Karl

Bokassa, Jean-Bédel

Bolivia

Bologna

Bolsheviks:

and bureaucracy

and China

Civil War

Congress of the Peoples of the East (1920)

lies of

Revolution

and science

Bond, James (fictional character)

Bonn

Borinage

Borland Software Corporation

Borodin, Mikhail

Boston

Bourgès-Maunoury, Maurice

BP (British Petroleum)

Bradlee, Ben

Braestrup, Peter

Brandt, Willy:

background and character

elected Chancellor

foreign minister

mayor of West Berlin

memoirs

Nobel Peace Prize

Ostpolitik

resignation

Braşov

Bratislava

author’s imprisonment in

Braudel, Fernand

Braun, Otto

Brazil

Breakfast at Tiffany’s
(film)

Brecht, Bertolt

Brentano, Lujo

Brescia

Brest-Litovsk

Bretherton, Russell

Bretton Woods conference (1944)

Bretton Woods system

end of

Triffin Dilemma

Brezhnev, Leonid:

and Afghanistan

and arms limitiation talks

background and character

and de Gaulle

death

and East Germany

and Helsinki conference (1975)

and Johnson

and Middle East

nationalities policy

and Orthodox Church

‘our common European home’

and Poland

political reforms

and ‘Prague Spring’

and Soviet satellite states

and Stalin

succeeds Khrushchev

and Vietnam

Brioni island

Britain:

agriculture

atomic bombs

automobile industry

balance of payments

banking system

and Chinesewar

civil service

class system

coal industry

Communist Party

council housing

crime

cultural institutions

currency controls

and Cyprus

defence expenditure

Department of Trade and Industry

Depression (1930s)

devaluation of sterling

divorce rates

economic and political decline

education system (
see also
universities)

and EEC/EU

and Egypt

emigration

and establishment of NATO

and European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM)

Falklands War (1982)

family breakdown

film industry

financial deregulation

fishing industry

general elections: (1945); (1950); (1951); (1959); (1970); (1974); (1979); (1983)

gold reserves

and GreekWar

IMF bail-out (1976)

import surcharges

income per capita

Industrial Revolution

industrial wastelands

inflation

intelligentsia

and Iran

Lend-Lease aid

and Malaya

and Marshall Plan

middle classes

miners’ strike (1984-5)

monarchy

National Health Service

nationalization of industry

navy

North Sea oil

nuclear weapons

oil imports

Poll Tax

post-war debt

post-war shortages and rationing

privatizations

productivity levels

property prices

public transport

race riots

scientific and technological developments

Second World War

shipbuilding

steel industry

strikes

Suez crisis

taxation

television

textile industry

trade unions

underclass

unemployment

universities

Welfare State

Westland affair (‘Westgate’; 1986)

winter weather of 1946-7

withdrawal of forces from Gulf (1971)

zone of occupation in Germany

British Airways

British Commonwealth

British Empire:

American antipathy towards

decline of

decolonization

revitalization attempts

trade

British Leyland (automobile manufacturer)

British Petroleum (BP)

British Steel

British Telecom

Brittan, Sir Samuel

Bronfman, Edgar

Brown, Andrew

Brucan, Silviu

Bruce, David

Bruges

Brussels

Brussels Exhibition (1958)

Brussels Pact (1948)

Bryan, William Jennings

Brzezinski, Zbigniew

Bucak, Mehmet Celal

Bucharest

Buck, Pearl S.

Buckley, William

Budapest:

antiCommunist demonstrations

author’s travels in

dinginess of communist era

Jews in

Piarist School

Stalinization

war damage

Buddhism

Buenos Aires

Bukovsky, Vladimir

Bulgakov, Mikhail

Heart of a Dog

Bulganin, Nikolay

Bulgaria

Bullock, Alan, Baron

Bundesbank (German Federal Bank)

Bundy, McGeorge

Bundy, William

Burke, Edmund

Burlatsky, Fyodor

Burma

Burton, Phillip

Bush, George

business schools

Byelorussia

Byrnes, James F.

Byron, George, 5th Baron

cable television

Cachin, Françoise

Çağlayangil, Ihsan Sabri

Cairncross, Sir Alec

Cairncross, John

Calcutta

California:

armaments industry

Khrushchev in

population growth

Proposition(1978)

Reagan as Governor

Silicon Valley

Callaghan, James, Baron Callaghan of Cardiff

Calvinist Church

Cam Ranh Bay (US air base)

Cambodia:

‘boat people’

French rule

Khmer Rouge

‘killing fields’

and Vietnam War

Vietnamese invasion (1978)

Cambridge University

Cambridge spies

Cavendish Laboratory

school of economics