The Atlantic and Its Enemies (95 page)

East Berlin:

access agreements with West

government of

life in

Soviet-style architecture

uprising of 1953

war damage
see also
Berlin Wall

East Germany (German Democratic Republic):

collectivization policy

death of Ulbricht

emigration to West

establishment of East German state

fall of East German state

life in

Lutheran Church

Neues Forum

‘New Economic System’

and
Ostpolitik

and ‘Prague Spring’

rearmament

shortages and rationing

Socialist Unity Party (SED)

Soviet-style architecture

Stasi (state security)

Systemzeit

television

treaties with West Germany (1971-2)

tyranny and repression in

uprising of 1953

East Prussia

Ebbw Vale steel works

EC see European Community

ECA see Economic Cooperation Administration

Ecevit, Bülent

École Nationale d’Administration (ENA)

École Normale Supérieure (ENS)

Economic Cooperation Administration (United States; ECA)

Economist
(newspaper)

ECSC (European Coal and Steel Community)

Eczacıbaşı, Nejat F.

EDC (European Defence Community)

Eden, Anthony, 1st Earl of Avon

Eden, Clarissa, Countess of Avon

EDF (European Defence Force)

Edwardes, Sir Michael

EEC see European Economic Community

Egypt:

Aswan Dam

British and French rule

Camp David accords (1978)

Copts

coup of 1952

foreign aid

Greek minority

under Nasser

Six Day War (1967)

Soviet support

Suez crisis

union with Syria

Yom Kippur War (1973)

Ehrlich, Paul,
The Population Bomb

Ehrlichman, John

Eichengreen, Barry

Einstein, Albert

Eisenhower, Dwight D.:

character

and China

and Cuba

election as President

and establishment of NATO

on European military-industrial complex

and German rearmament

and Guatemala

and Khrushchev

and Korean War

popularity

second term

and Suez crisis

Eisenhower, Mamie

Eisler, Gerhart

Eisler, Hanns

Elizabeth, Queen

Ellsberg, Daniel

Eltis, Walter

Britain’s Economic Problem

emigration:

British

Chinese

Irish

Jewish

Turkish ‘guest workers’ in Germany

Emminger, Otmar

Encounter
(magazine)

Ensslin, Gudrun

Enver Pasha

Enzensberger, Hans-Magnus

EPU (European Payments Union)

Erasmus, Desiderius

Erbakan, Necmettin

Erfurt

Erhard, Ludwig

ERM see Exchange Rate Mechanism

ERP (European Recovery Program) see Marshall Plan

Erzurum

Escoffier, Auguste

Eskişehir

espionage see spies

Essen

Esso (oil company)

Estonia

Ethiopia

Étiemble

EU see European Union

eugenics

Euphrates river

Euratom (European Atomic Community)

euro (currency)

eurodollars

European Atomic Community (Euratom)

European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)

European Commission

European Community (EC)
see also
European Economic Community; European Union

European Council of Ministers

European Court of Human Rights

European Court of Justice

European Defence Community (EDC)

European Defence Force (EDF)

European Economic Community (EEC; Common Market)

British membership

Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)

Luxemburg Compromise

Single European Act

Turkey’s proposed membership
see also
European Community; European Union

European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM)

European Free Trade Association

European Monetary Cooperation Fund

European Monetary System

European Parliament

European Payments Union (EPU)

European Recovery Program see Marshall Plan

European Union (EU)
see also
European Community; European Economic Community

Evian accords (1962)

Evren, Kenan

Exchange Rate Mechanism (European; ERM)

Exxon (oil company)

Fahd, Prince

Fairbank, John K.

Faisal, King of Saudi Arabia

Falange

Falin, Valentin

Falklands War (1982)

Farkas, Vladimir

Farrakhan, Louis

fast food

Fatsa

fax machines

Federal Express (corporation)

Federal Republic of Germany see West Germany

Federal Reserve System (United States)

feminism

Ferguson, Niall

Fermi, Enrico

Ferro, Marc

Feyzioğlu, Turhan

Fidelio
(opera)

Fierlinger, Zdeněk

Fignolé, Daniel

Financial Times

‘Finebel’ (proposed European free-trade area)

Finer, Samuel

Finland:

espionage in

EU membership

and Marshall Plan

more interesting and successful than Sweden

neutrality

Second World War

Soviet bases closed

territorial losses

winter war with USSR (1939-40)

‘Finlandization’

Fırat, Abdülmelik

First World War

peace treaty

reparations

Fischer, Ernst

Fischer, Fritz

Fischer, Joschka

Fischer, Ruth

‘Fisherman of Halicarnassus’

Fitzgerald, Frances

Fitzwilliam, Peter Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 8th Earl of

Flaubert, Gustave:

L’Éducation sentimentale

Madame Bovary

Fleming, Ian

Fleurus, battle of (1794)

Florida

Foot, Michael

football hooliganism

Ford, Gerald:

appointment as President

character

energy policy

and human rights

loses 1976 election

and Vietnam

Ford, Glyn

Ford, Henry

Ford (automobile manufacturer)

Ford Foundation

Forster, E. M.

Fortune
list

Foster, William

Foucault, Michel,
Madness and Civilization

Fouchet, Christian

Fourier, Charles

Fowler, Henry

France:

agriculture

aircraft industry

and Algerian oil

Algerian war

aristocracy

austerity programmes

automobile industry

balance of payments

banking system

Bibliothèque Nationale

bicentenary of Revolution

birth rates

bourgeoisie

Catholic Church

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

civil service

Code Napoléon

colonies

Communist Party

cultural institutions

currency controls

Depression (1930s)

and division of Germany

economic recovery and success

education system (
see also
universities)

and EEC/EU

and Egypt

election of 1958

and establishment of NATO

and European Defence Community

Fifth Republic, establishment of

film industry

First World War

Fourth Republic, fall of

franc fort

Franco-German reconciliation

Free French

gold reserves

‘Grand Schools’

and Helsinki conference (1975)

immigration

imports

Indo-China war

industrial unrest

inflation

intelligentsia

and Kurdish nationalism

and Marshall Plan

Marxism

Monnet Plan

nationalization of industry

Nazi occupation

nuclear power

nuclear weapons

peasantry

pieds noirs

Popular Front

post-war claims to German resources

post-war shortages and rationing

productivity levels

protectionism

republicanism

resistance to American cultural domination

Revolution (1789-99)

revolution of 1830

revolution of 1848

and Romania

Second Empire

and spread of Marxism

Stavisky scandal (1934)

steel production

strikes

student demonstrations (1968)

and Suez crisis

and ‘Swedish model’

technological developments

television

theatre

Third Republic

trade unions

unemployment

universities

UNR (Union pour la Nouvelle République)

Vichy government

war damage

withdrawal from NATO military command

zone of occupation in Germany

Franco, Francisco

Frankfurt

Frankfurt School

Free Democrats (German; FDP)

Free French

freeways

French Foreign Legion

French language:

anglicization of

attempts to promote

in Belgium

French Revolution

bicentenary

Friedan, Betty,
The Feminine Mystique

Friedman, Milton

‘Fritalux’ (proposed European free-trade area)

Frum, David

Fukuyama, Francis,
The End of History

Fulbright, J. William

Fumaroli, Marc

G7 (group of industrial nations)

G10 (group of industrial nations)

Gaddafi, Muammar al

Gagarin, Yuri

Gage, Nicholas,
Eleni

Gaillard, Félix

Galata

Galbraith, John Kenneth

Affluent Society

Galkovskiy, V. N.

Galtieri, Leopoldo

Galtung, Johan

Galvani, Luigi

Gandhi, Mahatma

Gansel, Norbert

GAP (South-Eastern Anatolia Project)

Garaudy, Roger

gas, natural

Gates, William ‘Bill’

GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)

Gaulle, Charles de see de Gaulle, Charles

Gavras, Costa

Gdańsk

Gencer, Leyla

Genentech (biotechnology corporation)

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

General Electric

General Motors

Geneva

Geneva conference (1954)

Geneva conference (1958)

Genghiz Khan

Genscher, Hans-Dietrich

George II, King of Greece

Georgia

Gerasimov, Gennady

German Customs Union (Zollverein)

German Democratic Republic see East Germany

German empire

German language, anglicization of

Germany, Weimar Republic

Germany, Nazi:

Allied bombing of

capitulation

concentration camps

eugenics

exports

inflation

invasion of Greece

invasion of USSR

local political supervisors

protectionism

reduction of unemployment

rise of Nazis

war criminals

Germany, post-war occupied:

Allied occupation zones (‘Bizonia’/‘Trizonia’)

‘Bank of German Lands’

black market

bomb damage

Christian Democrats

coal production

Communist Party

Communist takeover in east

currency reform

division

exports

inflation

and Marshall Plan

prisoners of war in USSR

reparations

shortages

Social Democrats

Soviet occupation zone

steel production

territorial losses

trade unions

winter weather of 1946-7
see also
East Germany; West Germany

Germany, reunified

Germinal
(film)

Gerő, Ernő

Gerschenkron, Alexander

Ghana

Ghibellines

Giap, Vo Nguyen

Gielgud, Sir John

Gierek, Edward

Gillette (corporation)

Gillingham, John

Ginsborg, Paul

Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry

Gladstone, William Ewart

Glasgow

High School

Royal Technical College

glasnost

Glotz, Peter

Glubb Pasha

Godesberg program (German SPD)

Godley, Wynne

Gogol, Nikolai,
Dead Souls

Gold Coast

Gold Standard

Golden Bull (1356)

Golden Ring (Russia)

Goldsmith, Sir James

Goldwater, Barry

Gomułka, Władysław

Gone With the Wind
(film)

Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge

Gorbachev, Mikhail:

and Afghan war

anti-alcohol campaign

background and character

and collapse of East Germany

and coup of August 1991

elected General Secretary

glasnost
and
perestroyka

international reputation

Malta summit (1989)

meeting with Margaret Thatcher (1984)

‘our common European home’

and Poland

Gordievsky, Oleg

Goths

Gottwald, Klement

Gow, Ian

Goytisolo, Juan

Gramsci, Antonio

Great Britain see Britain

Great Society (Johnson)

failure of

Greece:

backwardness

civil war

Colonels’ coup (1967)