The Atlantic and Its Enemies (96 page)

Communists

and Cyprus

EEC membership

intelligentsia

and Kurdish nationalism

nation statehood

Nazi occupation

nineteenth-century history

Ottoman Empire

peasantry

Second World War

strategic importance

US aid

and war in Afghanistan

war with Turkey (1919-22)

Greek diaspora

Greek Orthodox Church

Greene, Graham

The Comedians

Greer, Germaine

The Female Eunuch

Grenada

Gromyko, Andrey

Gross, John

Gruchko, Viktor

Guantanamo (US naval base)

Guardian
(newspaper)

Guatemala

Gudenus, Count

Guelfs

Guevara, Ernesto ‘Che’

cult of

Guillaume, Günter

Guillén, Nicolás

Gulf (oil company)

Gulf of Tonkin incident (1964)

Gulf War (1990-91)

Gummer, John

Gürsel, Cemal

gypsies

Hacı Bektaş

Haig, Alexander

Hailufeng soviet

Haiphong

Haiti

Halberstam, David

Halifax, E. F.. Wood, 1st Earl of

Hallé Orchestra

Hallstein, Walter

Halsey, A. H.

Hamburg

Reeperbahn

Hamilton, Alexander

Hamilton, Nigel

Hammer, Armand

Hannay, David, Baron Hannay of Chiswick

Hanoi

Harbin

Harkins, Paul.

Harriman, Averell

Harrington, Michael,
The Other America

Harris, Robert,
Archangel

Hartington, Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of (
née
Kennedy)

Harvard University

Business School

Tercentenary

Hastings, Sir Max

Havana

Havel, Václav

Havenstein, Rudolf

Hayek, Friedrich von

Healey, Denis, Baron

Heath, Sir Edward:

appearance and character

and Britain’s membership of EEC

and Britain’s relations with US

dismissed as Conservative leader

government of

incomes policy

loses 1974 election

and Margaret Thatcher’s government

and trade unions

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich

Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin

Helms, Richard

Helsinki conference (CSCE; 1975)

Hemingway, Ernest

Hentze, Paul

Herat

heroin

Hersh, Seymour

Herter, Christian

Heseltine, Michael, Baron

Hezb
(Afghan resistance group)

Hills, Denis

Hindus

Hippocrates

Hiroshima

Hiss, Alger

History Today
(magazine)

Hitler, Adolf:

appeasement of

beer-hall
Putsch
(1923)

Berlin Bunker

eugenics

favourite film

invasion of Czechoslovakia

invasion of USSR

reduction of unemployment

rise to power

suicide and cremation

Ho Chi Minh

Ho Chi Minh Trail

Hodder and Stoughton (publishers)

Hodža, Enver

Hoechst (corporation)

Hoesch (corporation)

Hoffman, Paul

Hoggart, Richard

Holland:

Calvinist Church

colonies

economic success

and EEC

exports

floating of currency

oil embargo against

post-imperial decline

trade unions
see also
Benelux

Hollywood

Holy Roman Empire

homosexuality

gay rights

Honecker, Erich

Hong Kong

hooliganism

Hoover, Herbert

Hopper, Kenneth

Hopper, William

Horn, Gyula

Hoskyns, Sir John

Hotter, Hans

Howe, Geoffrey, Baron Howe of Aberavon

Hue, Vietnam

Hugo, Victor,
Les Misérables

human rights

Humphrey, Hubert

Hunan province

Hungarian diaspora

Hungary:

AVO (security police)

Catholic Church

Christian Women’s Camp

Communist Party

communist takeover

ending of communist state

inflation

intelligentsia

Jews in

under Kádár

Khrushchev’s relaxation attempts

labour camps

nationalism

opening of border with Austria (1989)

Peasant Party

peasantry

Protestant churches

relations with Austria

Second World War

Social Democrats

territorial losses

trade unions

United Workers’ Party

uprising of 1848

uprising of 1956

Writers’ Union

Huntington, Samuel

Husák, Gustáv

Hussein, King of Jordan

Huxley, Sir Julian

Hysko, Miroslav

Ibárruri, Dolores

IBM (corporation)

ICBMs (intercontinental ballistic missiles)

Ickes, Harold

IEA (British Institute of Economic Affairs)

Iliescu, Ion

Illinois

I’m All Right, Jack
(film)

IMF (International Monetary Fund):

assumes true world role

Belgrade meeting (1979)

and Bretton Woods system

British bail-out (1976)

establishment of

ineffectiveness

loans to Romania

and military coups in Chile and Turkey

role in defending threatened currencies

and ‘Washington consensus’

İnan, Kâmran

Inchon

İncirlik air base

India:

border conflicts with China

British rule

famine

independence

intelligentsia

nationalism

partition

war in Kashmir

Indonesia:

Dutch rule

independence movement

oil production

Industrial Reorganization Corporation (British)

Industrial Revolution

inflation

Britain

Chile

France

Germany

Hungary

hyper-inflation

Italy

Japan

and monetarism

Phillips Curve

Poland

‘stagflation’

Turkey

and universities

USA

USSR

information technology:

development of

and financial markets

manufacturers

and public sector

theory of

unions’ obstruction of

in USSR

Ingham, Sir Bernard

Inönü, Ismet

Institute of Economic Affairs (British; IEA)

intelligentsia:

Britain

China

Czechoslovakia

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

India

Poland

Turkey

USA

USSR
Russiap>

Western intelligentsia and communism

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development see World Bank

International Monetary Fund see IMF

internment camps, Soviet

Ionesco, Eugène

İpekçi, Abdı

Iran:

and Afghanistan

allied with West

Azeri Turks

coup of 1953

hostage crisis (1979-81)

Islamic revolution (1978-9)

Kurdish population

under Mossadegh

oil production

relations with USSR

and Saudi Arabia

Savak (secret police)

Second World War occupation

under the Shah

and terrorism

Iran, Shah of (Mohammad Reza Pahlavi)

fall of

Iran-Contra affair (‘Irangate’)

Iraq:

Christians in

coup of 1958

Kurdish population

Nasser’s interference in

under Saddam Hussein

Soviet aid

Iraq-Syria pipeline

Iraq war (2003- )

Ireland

Catholic Church

emigration

Irish Question

nationalism

terrorism

Islam:

in Afghanistan

in Iran

in Iraq

of Kurds

in Pakistan

in Soviet Central Asia

in Turkey

and Turkish ‘guest workers’ in Germany
see also
Moslems

Israel:

American support for

Arab plans to eliminate

Camp David accords (1978)

establishment of

and Iran-Contra affair

relations with USSR

Six Day War (1967)

and Suez crisis

Yom Kippur War (1973)

Istanbul

Aya Sofya

Bosphorus Bridge

economic growth and redevelopment

Galata

Maslak

riots (1955)

stock exchange

Taksim Square massacre (1977)

Italy:

Allied reconquest

automobile industry

backwardness

black economy

Christian Democrats

Communists

corruption

education system

and EEC

election of 1948

film industry

and Germany

Guelfs and Ghibellines

imports

industrial unrest and strikes

inflation

Marshall Plan aid

peasantry

political instability

post-war economic recovery

protectionism

public finances

Red Brigades

student demonstrations

terrorism

trade unions

universities

war damage

Itzenplitz, Baron Heinrich von

İzmir

Jachymov mines, Bohemia

Jackson, Andrew

Jackson-Vanik Amendment (1973-4)

Jacobs, Jane,
The Death and Life of Great American Cities

Jaguar (automobile manufacturer)

Jakab, Sándor

Jakeš, Miloš

Jalalabad

Jamaica

Jamiat
(Afghan resistance group)

Japan:

automobile industry

banking crisis (2008-9)

Communists in

economic boom

economic recession

empire

invasion and occupation of China

land reforms

and North Korea

post-war Allied occupation

post-war economic recovery

prisoners of war

Second World War

shipbuilding

steel production

use of fax machines

and Vietnam

Westernization

Jaruzelski, Wojciech

Jay, Peter

Jefferson, Thomas

Jenkins, Roy, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead

Jenkins, Sir Simon

Jerusalem

King David Hotel bombing (1946)

Jesuits

Jesus College, Cambridge

Jews:

emigration to Palestine

German compensation to

in Greece

in Hungary

in Poland

in Romania

in Slovakia

in Turkey

in USA

n USSR

in West Germany
see also
anti-semitism

Jiangxi soviet

Jobs, Steve

John Brown Engineering

John Paul II, Pope

Johnson, Chalmers

Johnson, Claudia ‘Lady Bird’

Johnson, Harry

Johnson, Lyndon B.:

background and character

and Brezhnev

and China

economic policy

election as President

Great Society

on Kennedy

reputation

as Roosevelt’s manager

use of Supreme Court

Vice-President

and Vietnam

withdraws from re-election campaign

Joliot-Curie, Irène

Jones, Aubrey

Jones, Jack

Jones, Therese

Jordan

Joseph, Keith, Baron

Juglar, Clement

June Days uprising (1848)

‘junk bonds’

Kabul

Kádár, János

Kafka, Franz,
Amerika

Kahn, Philippe

Kaldor, Nicholas, Baron

Kaluga

Kamchatka

Kandahar

Kang Sheng

Kania, Stanisław

Kapitsa, Piotr

Kaplan, Karel

Kapor, Mitch

Karabük steel plant

Karaganda

Karajan, Herbert von

Karasar, Hasan Ali

Karmal, Babrak

Karman, Tibor

Karpacky, Kornel

Kashmir

Katowice

Katyń massacre (1940)

Kayseri

Kazakhstan

Kedourie, Elie

Keep, John

Kemal, Mustafa see Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal

Kemp, Jack

Kempner, Nan

Kennan, George

Kennedy, Edward

Kennedy, Jacqueline

Kennedy, John F.:

‘Alliance for Progress’ (plan for Latin America)

appearance, background and character

assassination

and Bay of Pigs invasion

and Berlin crisis of 1961

and Cuban crisis of 1962

economic policy

election as President

funeral

Inaugural address

and Macmillan

New Frontier

reputation

and Roosevelt

Vienna conference (1961)

and Vietnam

White House style

Kennedy, John F., Jr

Kennedy, Joseph

Kennedy, Robert

Kent State University shootings (1970)

Kerr, Clark

Keyder, Çağlar

Keynes, John Maynard, 1st Baron:

Galbraith and

on government spending

homosexuality

hopes for German bombing

on paper money

and Roosevelt

Keynesianism

KGB:

and coup of August 1991

and Cuban crisis of 1962

and dissidents

and Gorbachev

network of informers

relationship with Party

and revolutions of 1989

and war in Afghanistan

and Western anti-missile demonstrations
see also
Cheka

KHAD (Afghan secret police)