The Defence of the Realm (172 page)
Read The Defence of the Realm Online
Authors: Christopher Andrew
58
 The best analysis of the Kent/Wolkoff case is Quinlan, âHuman Intelligence Tradecraft and MI5 Operations in Britain', ch. 5. My own account draws on Dr Quinlan's.
59
 âProofs of statements for the case WOLKOFF', 11 June 1940, Proof 1, statement of M/Y, TNA KV 2/841, s. 140c.
60
 Dorril,
Blackshirt
,
pp. 450
,
492
. Thurlow,
Fascism in Modern Britain
,
p. 53
.
61
 âProofs of statements for the case WOLKOFF', 11 June 1940, Proof 1, statement of M/Y, TNA KV 2/841, s. 140c. Bearse and Read,
Conspirator
,
p. 134
. Liddell succeeded Harker as head of B Division in June 1940.
62
 [Knight], âM.S. Report', TNA KV 4/227. On Joyce, see above,
pp. 193
â
4
.
63
 âProofs of statements for the case WOLKOFF', 11 June 1940, Proof 1, statement of M/Y, TNA KV 2/841, s. 140c.
64
 Ibid.
65
 âFrom M/Y re Anna and Kira WOLKOFF', 16 May 1940, TNA KV 2/840, s. 49a.
66
 âProofs of statements for the case WOLKOFF', 11 June 1940, Proof 1, statement of M/Y, TNA KV 2/841, s. 140c.
67
 Bearse and Read,
Conspirator
,
p. 129
.
68
 B5b (Knight) report on visit to US embassy, 19 May 1940, TNA KV 2/840, s. 57a. âCase of Anna Wolkoff, Tyler Kent, and Others', 22 May 1940, TNA KV 2/840, s. 57g. âFrom Foreign Office enclosing memorandum on Kent case by the United States Government', 29 Aug. 1944 (report dated 17 Aug. 1944), TNA KV 2/544, s. 86a. âTyler Kent', June 1944,
TNA FO 371/38704, s. 2. âReport by M.K. re interview with KENT', 28 May 1940, TNA KV 2/840, s. 80a. Griffiths,
Patriotism Perverted
,
pp. 125
â
42
. Quinlan, âHuman Intelligence Tradecraft and MI5 Operations in Britain',
pp. 236
â
7
.
69
 âB.5b report on interrogation of Tyler KENT, at the American Embassy', 20 May 1940, TNA KV 2/543, s. 22a.
70
 Bearse and Read,
Conspirator
,
pp. 6
,
164
; Leutze, âSecret of the ChurchillâRoosevelt Correspondence',
p. 467
.
71
 Gilbert,
Finest Hour
,
pp. 485
â
6
. After Kent and Wolkoff had been tried in camera, the press were allowed into the Old Bailey on 7 November, after Roosevelt's re-election, to see them sentenced to, respectively, seven and ten years' imprisonment.
72
 Guy Liddell diary, 21 May 1940.
73
 War Cabinet minutes, 22 May 1940, TNA CAB 65/7. Wilson, âWar in the Dark',
p. 79
.
75
 Wilson, âWar in the Dark',
p. 73
.
76
 TNA KV 2/898.
77
 Cross,
Swinton
,
pp. 225
â
9
. As deputy chairman Swinton brought in the former MI5 officer Joseph Ball from Conservative Central Office.
78
 Wilson, âWar in the Dark',
p. 72
.
79
 Security Service Archives.
81
 Sir Horace Wilson, âSecurity Service', 11 June 1940, Cabinet Office papers.
82
 Kell diary, 10 June 1940, IWM Kell papers.
83
 Kell to Cadogan, 8 Dec. 1938, Cabinet Office papers.
84
 Holt-Wilson to Lady Holt-Wilson, 11 June 1940; Lady Holt-Wilson to Sir Eric Holt-Wilson, 12 June 1940, CUL Holt-Wilson papers.
85
 Kell to Cadogan, 8 Dec. 1938, Cabinet Office papers.
86
 Cadogan to Sir Warren Fisher, 23 Dec. 1938, Cabinet Office papers. When Fisher, the chairman of the Secret Service Committee, saw Kell in January 1939, he âagreed that Harker was the right man to succeed' him. Sir James Rae (Treasury) to C. Howard Smith (Foreign Office), 31 Jan. 1939, Cabinet Office papers.
87
 Sir Horace Wilson to Sir James Grigg, 11 June 1940, Cabinet Office papers.
88
 More precisely, Harker was to be âresponsible to the Lord President [Chamberlain until October 1940] through [Swinton]'. In practice his dealings seem to have had been exclusively with Swinton. Sir Horace Wilson to Lord Swinton, 11 June 1940, Cabinet Office papers.
89
 Eric Holt-Wilson to Audrey Holt-Wilson, 11 June 1940, CUL Holt-Wilson papers. Unwilling to serve under Harker, Holt-Wilson accepted a post in the War Office constabulary on 1 July; Holt-Wilson to Lady Holt-Wilson, 2 July 1940, CUL Holt-Wilson papers (I am grateful to Dr Nicholas Hiley for this reference).
90
 Security Service Archives.
91
 Christopher Andrew, interview with the late Sir Ashton Roskill, 1984.
92
 Hinsley and Simkins,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, vol. 4,
p. 65
.
94
 Security Service Archives.
95
 Director General's report on the Security Service, Feb. 1941, TNA KV 4/88.
96
 Hinsley and Simkins,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, vol. 4,
p. 68
.
97
Â
Security Service
,
pp. 119
â
20
,
145
â
50
. Guy Liddell diary, 6 Sept. 1940.
98
 Hugh Trevor-Roper, âThe man who put intelligence into spying',
Sunday Telegraph
(Review section), 9 April 1995.
99
 Guy Liddell diary, 3 July 1940.
100
 Wilson, âWar in the Dark',
pp. 88
â
9
.
101
 Stammers,
Civil Liberties in Britain
, ch. 2. Wasserstein,
Britain and the Jews of Europe
,
pp. 102
â
4
. Cross,
Swinton
,
pp. 228
â
30
.
102
 Wilson, âWar in the Dark',
p. 82
.
103
 Stafford,
Churchill and Secret Service
,
pp. 180
â
1
.
104
 Wilson, âWar in the Dark',
p. 82
.
105
 Cradock,
Know your Enemy
,
pp. 18
â
19
.
106
 TNA CAB 93/2. Wilson, âWar in the Dark',
p. 92
.
108
 DG (Petrie) to Eden, 26 June 1944, TNA KV 4/87.
109
 âHistory of DR18b detention', May 1945, TNA KV 4/256.
111
 Security Service Archives.
112
 Work continued afterwards on eliminating unnecessary cards, destroying duplicates and amalgamating other files. The new card index, finally completed in March 1944, consisted of about one and a quarter million cards. Security Service Archives.
113
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.
114
 Security Service Archives.
115
 Security Service Archives.
116
 Security Service Archives.
117
 M. B. Heywood (Security Service) to Bursar, Keble College, 18 Oct. 1940. Keble College Archives, KC/BF 8/1/53.
118
 Recollections of former Security Service officers.
119
 Bursar, Keble College, to M. B. Heywood (Security Service), 3 May 1941. Heywood to Bursar, 5 May 1941, Keble College Archives, KC/BF 8/1/53. I am grateful to the College Archivist, Robert Petre, for copies of this correspondence.
120
 Security Service Archives.
121
 Most of the flowers were sold by the Duke and Duchess in aid of war charities. Security Service Archives.
122
 Security Service Archives.
123
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.
124
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.
125
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.
126
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.
128
 Wilson, âWar in the Dark',
p. 92
.
130
 Churchill to Foreign and Home Secretaries, 25 Jan. 1941, TNA PREM 4/39/3. Wilson, âWar in the Dark',
p. 93
.
131
 Baron Croft to Churchill, 25 Nov. 1940, TNA PREM 7/6.
132
 Security Service Archives.
133
 Before going to Number Ten, Lennox informed Liddell who wondered whether Lennox had been chosen to succeed Harker: âI . . . told him that in my view neither he nor I were suitable, and if anybody was to come in Valentine Vivian was far the best choice.' Lennox âentirely agreed'. Guy Liddell diary, 26 Nov. 1940.
134
 Ibid.
135
 Ibid.
136
 Stafford,
Churchill and Secret Service
,
pp. 182
â
3
. Hinsley and Simkins,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, vol. 4,
pp. 68
â
9
.
137
 Minute by Petrie, 13 April 1946; Minute no. 27 on Curry History, TNA KV 4/3.
138
 Petrie Report, 13 Feb. 1941, TNA KV 4/88. Hinsley and Simkins,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, vol. 4,
p. 69
.
139
 Minute by Petrie, 13 April 1946; Minute no. 27 on Curry History, TNA KV 4/3. Petrie was responsible through the Security Executive to the Lord President of the Council (then Sir John Anderson) for the running of MI5 but free from interference in staff matters and its day-to-day work. Petrie's appointment as DG was agreed at a meeting to discuss his report with Churchill, the Lord President, the Home Secretary and Swinton. Hinsley and Simkins,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, vol. 4,
p. 69
.
140
 Petrie kept a daily diary during his time as DG. After retiring in 1946, he left it in the safe of Charles Butler, Director of A Division. On Petrie's instructions, it was destroyed in 1951. Security Service Archives.
141
 While Harker was director, Butler had also served as his deputy. Sir Horace Wilson, âSecurity Service', 11 June 1940, Cabinet Office papers.
142
Â
Security Service
,
pp. 201
â
2
. For a detailed analysis of the responsibilities of MI5's wartime Divisions, see ibid., chs 4, 5.
143
 Christopher Andrew, interview with the late Sir Dick White, 1984.
144
 Christopher Andrew, interview with the late Sir Ashton Roskill, 1984.
145
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.
146
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.
147
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.
150
 Masterman,
Chariot Wheel
,
p. 212
.
151
 The medieval historian Christopher Cheney (later professor of medieval history at the University of Cambridge), who served in MI5 from June 1940 to October 1944, later told Christopher Andrew that he found MI5 files less gripping than the medieval manuscripts to which he could not wait to return.
152
 That is the sense of many surviving memoirs, taped interviews and correspondence from wartime members of the Service, though the least enthusiastic were less likely to put their views on record.
153
 Security Service Archives. See below,
p. 808
.
154
 Security Service Archives.
155
 Petrie to Duff Cooper, 13 March 1943, TNA KV 4/83, s. 3a.
156
 Hinsley and Simkins,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, vol. 4,
p. 288
.
158
 Rose,
Elusive Rothschild
,
pp. 66
â
9
.
159
 Security Service Archives.
160
 Rose,
Elusive Rothschild
,
p. 70
.
162
 Andrew, introduction to
Security Service
,
p. 3
.
163
 Andrew, âChurchill and Intelligence',
p. 182
.
Chapter 1: Deception