The Everlasting Empire (61 page)

Read The Everlasting Empire Online

Authors: Yuri Pines

Tags: #General, #History, #Ancient, #Political Science, #Asia, #History & Theory, #China

BOOK: The Everlasting Empire

11.72Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub

Read Book Download Book

Da tong
(

, “Great Uniformity”), 144

Daoism, 57, 77, 90,
95
, 127, 146–147, 153, 164

decentralization, 23–26, 49, 132, 166; feared, 86; in Republican era, 166, 168, 176; in the Springs-and-Autumns period, 105–106

Democratic-Progressive Party (DPP), 167

Deng Mu (

, 1247–1306), 49, 192n12, 192n27

Deng Xiaoping (

, 1904–1997), 169, 174

despotism, 1, 71, 72, 185n4; “descent into despotism,” theory, 63–65, 194n47.
See also
Montesquieu; Wittfogel

Di (

), ethnic group, 33

Di Cosmo, Nicola, 189n54

“disarmament conferences,” 546 and 541 BCE, 14

disengagement, political,
95–96
, 198n51, 198n53.
See also
reclusion

disintegration, political, 4, 11, 25, 44, 50, 74, 102, 152, 167–168, 182; forces of, 25–26, 105–106; after Han, 24, 110; under Later Tang dynasty, 189n44; after Qin, 23,
55;
in Qing, 164; under Tang, 25–28, 188n38; in Yuan, 70; under Zhou, 15, 17, 21, 47–48.
See also
decentralization; unity

Documents
. See
Book of Documents

Dong Zhongshu (

, ca. 195–115 BCE), 87, 127

Donglin (

) faction, 99–100

A Dream of Red Mansions
(
Hong lou meng

),
59

Duara, Prasenjit, 166–167

Eastern Jin dynasty (

, 318–420), 62, 193n37.
See also
Jin dynasty

Ebrey, Patricia, 193n34

education, 89, 91; continuity of curriculum, 2; and elite status, 77, 79, 102, 120; of heir apparent,
66;
modern, 171, 175, 180; private, 118–119, 121, 129130; public, 87–89, 92,
96
, 114, 116,

-234-

118; reforms in, 170.
See also
academies; examinations

egalitarianism, 5, 79, 135, 141–144, 157– 159, 182, 203n17.
See also
equality

Eisenstadt, Shmuel N., 198n63, 202n71

elite, educated.
See
intellectuals

elite, local, 4–5, 77, 104–105, 128–133, 146, 158, 160, 198–99n1; abuse of power by, 122–123, 149–150; aristocratic, 105–106; co-optation of, 105, 109–110, 119–126, 129–130; and family values, 126–129; in Han, 108–111; as mediators, 120–121; militia of, 150; in Ming, 123–125, 128–129, 201n47; and modernization, 131–133; and NeoConfucianism, 117–119; absent in Qin, 106–107; in Qing, 125–126, 129, 201n51; and regionalism, 25, 30–31; in Song, 113–119; suppression of, 109– 110, 122–125, 130, 201n47; in Tang, 111–113; in the twentieth century, 165– 166, 175–180, 206n27.
See also
aristocracy; intellectuals;
shi
; subelites; “voluntarism” of the literati

elitism, 135, 139, 141, 172, 178, 180, 182.
See also
hierarchy; “superior men”

Elman, Benjamin, 91, 199–200n22

emperor, 2, 4, 20, 23–25, 170, 191n3; bifurcation between institutional and individual power of, 46, 54–55, 66–67, 71– 74, 195n66; constrained by bureaucracy, 45, 63–68, 71, 194n53, 195n66; child emperors, 59, 68, 74; criticism of, 44, 77, 95, 97–100, 197n32; despotism of, 45, 56, 60, 63–65, 68, 72, 93–94, 98, 123–124; as essential feature of Chinese political culture, 74–75; impartiality of, 90; and intellectuals, 85–100; and landownership, 45, 62–63; in modern age, 168–169, 176; nomadic, 69–71, 195n62, 195n64; overburdened by his tasks, 63–66; passivity of, 45, 56, 64– 68, 70–71, 73–74; political roles of, 45, 64–66, 73, 89, 194n51, 194n52; religious authority of, 44–45, 57, 60–62, 193n39; ritual role of, 45, 56–57, 64– 65, 73, 191n2, 194n57; as a sage, 45, 54, 72, 98; sacredness of, 44–45, 57–62, 193n31, 193n35; symbolic position of, 44–45, 57–63, 191n2; and “ten abominations,” 58–59; title, explained, 54; training of, 66–67, 194n55; and unity, political, 27, 29–30, 44, 74; universal rule of, 32–37, 39–40.
See also
khan; monarch; remonstrance; succession struggles; True Monarch

Emperor An of Jin (

, r. 397–403 and 404–419 CE), 62

Emperor Huizong of Song

, r. 1101–1125), 40, 117, 191n74

Emperor Kangxi.
See
Kangxi Emperor

Emperor Qianlong.
See
Qianlong Emperor

Emperor Shizong of Ming (

, r. 1521–1567), 73, 97–99, 198n55, 198n57

Emperor Shun of Han (

, r. 125144), 198n53

Emperor Taizong of Tang (

, r. 626649), 26, 67, 194n56.
See also
Li Shimin

Emperor Wen of Sui (

, r. 581–604), 194n51

Emperor Wu of Han (

, r. 141–87 BCE), 132, 190n58; Confucianism promoted by, 87–88, 93, 197n29, 197n30; image of, 88, 197n32; and intellectuals, 86–89, 94; and local magnates, 109110, 112; territorial expansion under, 35

Emperor Wu of Liang (