The Means of Reproduction: Sex, Power, and the Future of the World (42 page)

39
Ibid., p. 38.

40
Arthur Krock, “The Most Dangerous Bomb of All,”
New York Times
, October 2, 1959.

41
Time,
“Flood of Babies,” March 2, 1959.

42
Reuters, “Pakistan to Push Population Curb,”
New York Times
, January 17, 1960.

43
George Dugan, “Christian Use of Birth Control Backed in World Church Study,”
New York Times
, October 7, 1959.

44
Time,
“The Birth Control Issue,” December 7, 1959

45
Ibid.

46
James Reston, “Kennedy Opposes Advocacy by U.S. of Birth Control,”
New York Times
, November 28, 1959.

47
Piotrow,
World Population Crisis,
p. 70.

48
Ibid.

49
Ibid., p. 46.

50
Jonathan Spivak, “Birth Control Push: U.S. Is Moving to Make Family-Planning Help Available to Everyone,”
Wall Street Journal
, October 21, 1965.

51
Piotrow,
World Population Crisis,
p. 89.

52
Joseph Califano,
The Triumph & Tragedy of Lyndon Johnson: The White House Years
(College Station, TX: A&M University Press, 2000), pp. 154-55.

53
Ibid., p. 155.

54
Ibid., p. 156.

55
Piotrow,
World Population Crisis,
p. 106.

56
Robert McClory,
Turning Point: The Inside Story of the Papal Birth Control Commission, and How
Humanae Vitae
Changed the Life of Patty Crowley and the Future of the Church
(New York: Crossroad, 1997), p. 27.

57
Ibid., pp. 4-5.

58
Ibid., p. 26.

59
Ibid., pp. 73, 90, 92.

60
Ibid., pp. 96 -97.

61
Ibid., p. 97.

62
Ibid., pp. 176 -77.

63
Garry Wills,
Papal Sin: Structures of Deceit
(New York: Image Books, 2001), p. 95.

64
Ibid., p. 79.

65
McClory,
Turning Point,
p. 1.

66
Ibid., p. 132.

67
Wills,
Papal Sin,
pp. 95-96.

68
Reimert Thorolf Ravenholt, interview by Rebecca Sharpless, transcript of audio recording, July 18-20, 2002. Population and Reproductive Health Oral History Project, Sophia Smith Collection, p. 85.

69
Ibid.

70
Ibid., p. 94.

71
Ibid., p. 2.

72
Ibid., p. 36.

73
Ibid., p. 97.

74
Stephen F. Minkin, “Abroad, the U.S. Pushes Contraceptives Like Coca-Cola,”
Los Angeles Times,
September 23, 1979.

75
Donald P. Warwick,
Bitter Pills: Population Policies and Their Implementation in Eight Developing Countries
(Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1982), p. 10.

76
Ibid., p. 11.

77
Ravenholt oral history, pp. 108-109.

78
Dunlop oral history, pp. 41-42.

79
Ernest B. Fergurson, “Baby-making vs. Vote-getting,”
Chicago Tribune,
March 25, 1972.

80
Paul Ehrlich,
The Population Bomb
(New York: Ballantine Books, 1968), p. xi.

81
Duff Gillespie, interview by Rebecca Sharpless, transcript of audio recording, May 19-20, 2003. Population and Reproductive Health Oral History Project, Sophia Smith Collection, pp. 34-35.

82
Ravenholt oral history, p. 111.

83
Gillespie oral history, p. 41.

84
Ibid., p. 38.

85
Ravenholt oral history, p. 129.

86
Piotrow,
World Population Crisis,
p. 211.

87
Richard Nixon, “Statement About the Report of the Commission on Population Growth and the American Future,” May 5, 1972. Available at the American Presidency Project:
www.presidency.ucsb.edu
.

88
Clayton Fritchey, “Don’t Overlook A.M.A. Issues,”
Chicago Tribune,
September 19, 1972.

89
Clayton Fritchey, “The Nixon-McGovern Campaign,”
Washington Post,
May 20, 1972.

90
Ravenholt oral history, p. 95.

91
Potts oral history, p. 79.

92
Reprinted in Stephen D. Mumford,
The Life and Death of NSSM 200: How the Destruction of Political Will Doomed a U.S. Population Policy
(Research Triangle Park, NC: Center for Research on Population and Security, 1996), p. 61.

93
Ibid., pp. 65, 70.

94
Ibid., pp. 510-511.

95
Ibid., p. 504.

96
Ibid., p. 76.

97
Sara Seims, interview by Rebecca Sharpless, transcript of audio recording, September 17, 2004. Population and Reproductive Health Oral History Project, Sophia Smith Collection, p. 25.

98
Ibid., pp. 23-24.

99
Ibid., pp. 32-33.

CHAPTER 3: SISTERHOOD IS INTERNATIONAL

1
Adrienne Germain, interview by Rebecca Sharpless, transcript of audio recording, June 19-20, 2003. Population and Reproductive Health Oral History Project, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College, Northampton, MA, p. 18.

2
Ibid., p. 34.

3
Ibid., p. 22.

4
Family Planning,
Walt Disney, 1967.

5
Phyllis Tilson Piotrow, interview by Rebecca Sharpless, transcript of audio recording, September 16, 2002. Population and Reproductive Health Oral History Project, Sophia Smith Collection, pp. 70-71.

6
Cicely Marston and John Cleland, “Relationships Between Contraception and Abortion: A Review of the Evidence,”
International Family Planning Perspectives
, vol. 29, no. 1. (March 2003), pp. 6-13.

7
Bernard Berelson, “Beyond Family Planning,”
Studies in Family Planning
, vol. 1, no. 38 (February 1969), p. 12.

8
Germain oral history, p. 58.

9
Ibid., p. 59.

10
Adrienne Germain, “A Major Resource Awaiting Development: Women in the Third World,”
New York Times,
August 26, 1975.

11
Germain oral history, pp. 38-39.

12
Amartya Sen,
Development as Freedom
(New York: Anchor Books, 1999), p. 194.

13
John C. Caldwell, “Cultural and Social Factors Influencing Mortality Levels in Developing Countries,”
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
, vol. 510,
World Population: Approaching the Year 2000
(July 1990), pp. 44-59.

14
Ibid.

15
Ibid. Caldwell writes, “There is convincing evidence that the achievement of a small family, or even the intention of having one by employing birth control, is associated with declines in child mortality.” See also John C. Caldwell, “Routes to Low Mortality in Poor Countries,”
Population and Development Review
, vol. 12, no. 2 (June 1986), pp. 171-220.

16
Sen,
Development as Freedom
, p. 225.

17
Dunlop oral history, p. 51.

18
Ibid., p. 5.

19
Ibid., pp. 5- 6.

20
Ibid., p. 7.

21
Ibid., pp. 41-42.

22
Germain oral history, p. 52.

23
Barbara Ehrenreich, Mark Dowie, and Stephen Minkin, “The Charge: Gynocide,”
Mother Jones
(November/December 1979).

24
“China Raps U.S., Soviet Union for Raising Alarm on Population,”
Los Angeles Times
, August 22, 1974.

25
Marvine Howe, “Brazil is Seeking a High Birth Rate,”
New York Times
, June 3, 1974.

26
Gladwin Hill, “Marx vs. Malthus: Ideas Stir Rancor at Population Meeting,”
New York Times
, August 26, 1974.

27
Memo from Joan Dunlop dated September 24, 1974, Rockefeller Archive Center, Sleepy Hollow, NY, Rockefeller Family, Rec. Group 17, Series Joan Dunlop, Box 8, folder Post Bucharest.

28
Copy of speech in the Rockefeller Archives, Collection: Rockefeller Family, Rec. Group 5, Series 2, Box 10, folder 106.

29
Bill Peterson, “Battling the Birth Boom: Small Wins—Big Failures,”
Washington Post
, May 18, 1978.

30
Duff Gillespie, interview by Rebecca Sharpless, transcript of audio recording, May 19-20, 2003. Population and Reproductive Health Oral History Project, Sophia Smith Collection, p. 33.

31
Davidson R. Gwatkin, “Political Will and Family Planning: The Implications of India’s Emergency Experience,”
Population and Development Review
, vol. 5, no. 1 (March 1979), pp. 29-59.

32
Ibid.

33
Muhammad Yunus,
Banker to the Poor: Micro-Lending and the Battle Against World Poverty
(New York: Public Affairs, 2003), p. 71.

34
Ibid., p. 72.

35
Ibid., p. 134.

36
John C. Caldwell, Barkat-e-Khuda, Bruce Caldwell, Indrani Pieris, and Pat Caldwell, “The Bangladesh Fertility Decline: An Interpretation,”
Population and Development Review
, vol. 25, no. 1 (March 1999), pp. 67-84.

37
William K. Stevens, “Poor Lands’ Success in Cutting Birth Rate Upsets Old Theories,”
New York Times
, January 2, 1994.

38
Sen,
Development as Freedom
, p. 201.

39
Susan Brownmiller,
Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape
(New York: Fawcett, 1975), p. 82.

40
Ibid., p. 84.

41
Bella Stumbo, “Bangladesh War Toll: Mass Abortions,”
Los Angeles Times,
March 31, 1972.

42
Ibid.

43
Ibid.

44
Sandra Kabir, interview by Deborah McFarlane, transcript of audio recording, March 13-14, 2004. Population and Reproductive Health Oral History Project, Sophia Smith Collection, p. 19.

45
Randall Balmer,
Thy Kingdom Come: An Evangelical’s Lament
(New York: Basic Books, 2006), pp. 12-15.

46
Kabir oral history, p. 17. (I also heard the tape of this interview, hence my italics to indicate how Kabir emphasized her outrage.)

47
Ibid., p. 23.

48
Ibid., p. 24.

49
Germain oral history, p. 82.

50
Dunlop oral history, p. 68.

51
Ibid., p. 78.

52
Gregg Easterbrook, “Forgotten Benefactor of Humanity,”
Atlantic Monthly
(January 1997).

53
Norman Borlaug, “The Green Revolution, Peace, and Humanity.” Delivered at the Nobel Institute, Oslo, Norway, December 11, 1970. Available at the Nobel Foundation Web site,
www.nobelprize.org
.

54
Julian Simon,
The Ultimate Resource
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1981), p. 197.

55
Ibid., p. 149

56
Sharon L. Camp and Craig R. Lasher,
International Family Planning Policy—A Chronicle of the Reagan Years
(February 1989), Population Crisis Committee, unpublished manuscript.

57
Ibid.

58
Ibid.

59
Ibid.

60
American Life Lobby, “SPECIAL WARNING TO ALL ISLAMIC PRO-LIFERS:
These men are dangerous to your health !
” Article found in documents requested from the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, Simi Valley, CA.

61
“A Population Aide Tells of Attacks,”
New York Times
, August 16, 1984.

62
Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, “The Population Policy Battle,”
Washington Post
, June 13, 1984.

63
Mary Vallis, “Barack Obama, the New Prince: One of These Men Represents Democrats’ Hope for Future,”
National Post (Canada), October 21, 2004.

64
Phil Gailey, “White House Urged Not to Bar Aid to Countries Supporting Abortion,”
New York Times
, June 19, 2004.

65
Jason L. Finkle and Barbara B. Crane, “Ideology and Politics at Mexico City: The United States at the 1984 International Conference on Population,”
Population and Development Review
, vol. 11, no. 1 (March 1985), p. 1.

66
U.S. Policy Statement given at the International Conference on Population by Ambassador James L. Buckley, August 8, 1984. Reagan archives.

67
Cristine Russell, “End Urged to Aiding Population Control,”
Washington Post
, June 11, 1984.

68
Note from William Westmoreland to James Baker, found in documents requested from the Reagan archives

69
“Population, Resources, and Politics in the Third World: The Long View,” Directorate of Intelligence (January 1984). Reagan archives.

70
Camp and Lasher,
International Family Planning Policy
.

71
Susan F. Rasky, “Reagan Restrictions on Foreign Aid for Abortion Programs Lead to a Fight,”
New York Times
, October 14, 1984; Camp and Lasher,
International Family Planning Policy
.

72
Camp and Lasher,
International Family Planning Policy
.

73
Rasky, “Reagan Restrictions on Foreign Aid.”

74
Matthew Connelly,
Fatal Misconception: The Struggle to Control World Population
(Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2008), p. 343.

75
Bernard D. Nossiter, “Population Prizes from U.N. Assailed,”
New York Times
, July 24, 1983.