The Silk Road: A New History (59 page)

CHAPTER 2

Page 57
:
BNF, Manuscrits orientaux, Pelliot Koutchéen LP I + II.
62:
Courtesy of the Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
63:
From
The Art in the Caves of Xinjiang,
Cave 17, Plate 8.
67:
Takeshi Watanabe, 7/25/06.

CHAPTER 3

Page 84
:
From Aurel Stein,
Innermost Asia,
plate XCIII detail.
89:
Author photo.
105:
From Yan Wenru, “Tulufan de Gaochang gucheng,”
Xinjiang kaogu sanshinian,
p. 137
.
109
:
From J. Hackin,
Recherches Archéologiques en Asie Centrale
(Paris: Les Éditions D’Art Et D’Histoire, 1931), plate I.

CHAPTER 4

Page 112
:
Courtesy of the Board of the British Library, Sogdian Letter #2 T.XII.A.II.2 Or.8212/95.
123:
Frantz Grenet.
124, 126:
Guitty Azarpay,
Sogdian Painting: The Pictorial Epic in Oriental Art,
University of California Press, 1981, the Regents of the University of California.
128:
© 2010 F. Ory-UMR 8546-CNRS.
131:
Frantz Grenet.

CHAPTER 5

Pages 140
,
142
:
Xinjiang Museum (Chang’an diagram: Document #73TAM206:42/10).
145:
Cultural Relics Publishing House.
147:
From figure 4A, Yang Junkai, “Carvings on the Stone Outer Coffin of Lord Shi of the Northern Zhou,”
Les Sogdians de Chine
(Paris: École française d’Extrême-Orient, 2005),
p. 27
.
150
,
155
:
Cultural Relics Publishing House.

CHAPTER 6

Page 168
:
From
Ruins of Desert Cathay,
p. 188
.
172
:
Courtesy of the Board of the British Library, 392/56 (690).
178:
From Wenwu, 1978, #12:23.
180:
Courtesy of the Board of the British Library, 392/27 (589).
189:
Amelia Sargent, detail from Dunhuang Cave 156.
193:
Amelia Sargent, detail from Dunhuang Cave 45.

CHAPTER 7

Page 198
:
BNF, Manuscrits orientaux, Pelliot V 5538.
203, 204:
Abegg-Stiftung, CH-3132 Riggisberg, inv. no. 5157.
205:
From
Ancient Khotan,
Figure 65.
206:
From
Ancient Khotan,
Figure 69.
208:
From Plate XLVII,
Ancient Khotan.
213:
From Plate LXII,
Ancient Khotan.
219:
From
Dunhuang tuwufan yanjiu,
Volume 11 (2008), colored plate #4.
223:
Amelia Sargent, detail from Dunhuang Cave 61.

CONCLUSION

Page 236
:
Courtesy of the Board of the British Library, Or. 8210/p. 2.

Index

Note: Page numbers in
italics
indicate photographs and illustrations.

Abbasid Caliphate, 138, 227

Abhidharma, 221

Abu Zayd, 165

Academy of Social Sciences, 130

Adams, Douglas Q., 72

adoption of children, 48, 215

Aesop, 125

Afghanistan

and Buddhist caves, 64

Chinese trade goods in, 236

and cultural exchange, 21,
25
, 26

and Hejiacun Village Hoard, 156

and Jewish-Persian documents, 217

and Kharoshthi script, 30

and lapis lazuli, 194

and Niya artifacts, 38,
39
, 50, 52, 239

and Silk Road routes, 27

and Sogdians, 121

and Tocharian language, 71–72

and trading caravans, 196–97

and Xuanquan documents, 17–18

Afrasiab History Museum, 125

Afrasiab murals, 125,
128
, 129, 138–39,
color plate 11B

agates, 156, 194

Agnean language, 56–57, 70, 73–75, 77, 82

Ahura Mazda, 98, 118, 123

Ajanta caves, 62

Akamatsu Akihiko, 47

Ak-Beshim, 114

Akhun, Islam, 217

Aksu River, 60

al-Biruni, 128–29

al-Diwashini.
See
Devashtich

Alexander of Macedon (Alexander the Great), 30, 41, 48, 116,
color plate 13

al-Harashi, Said, 136

Allen, Percy Stafford, 34, 174

al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir, 130, 136

Aluohan, 149

amber, 194

Amgoka, 44

Amitabha Buddha, 182

Ammoniac Mountains, 122

Ancient Khotan
(Stein), 176–77

An Jia, 143–46,
145, color plate 14

An Lushan rebellion

and Dunhuang cave documents, 183–85

and economy of the Silk Road, 237

and Hejiacun Village Hoard, 156–57

and Khotanese legal system, 215

and retribution against Sogdians, 157–58

and the Tang dynasty, 80–81, 107–8, 137, 187

and Tibetans, 184–85, 212

An Rokhshan.
See
An Lushan rebellion

anti-foreign sentiment, 159–60

Anxi Protectorate, 80

Anyang, 207, 235–36

Appian Way, 8

Arabic, 165, 228, 232

Aramaic, 117

Armenians, 231

arrowheads, 36

art.
See specific forms of art

Arthashastra
, 47

Ashoka, 200

Astana graveyard,
84, 86
, 93–99, 151,
color plate 1

and Sasanian coins,
color plate 4B

Atush,
color plate 16A

Augustine, Saint, 182,
color plate 11A

avadana
stories, 62

Avar confederacy, 75

Bactria, 14, 33, 41

Bactrian language, 71

Badamu Village, 99

Bahudhiva, 209

Bai family, 66, 79

bamboo slips and documents, 14, 15, 250n25

Bamiyan caves, 64

Ban Chao, 66

banditry.
See
robbers and bandits

bankruptcy law, 165

Bartus, Theodor, 60–61

Basra, 165

Battle of Talas, 137, 138

Baumer, Christoph, 212

Beijing Library Collection, 183

Beiting, 72, 108

Bezeklik,
109
, 110,
color plate 9

Big Goose Pagoda, 151

bilingual texts, 220, 240

Blackmore, Charles, 9–10

Bodhi
, 210

“The Book of Honor,” 183

The Book of Zambasta
, 210–12

Bosshard, Walter, 212

“Bound for Samarkand” (letter), 112, 118

Bower, Hamilton, 10, 209

Bower Manuscript, 209

Boxer Rebellion, 169

Brahmans, 94, 143, 146, 161, 192

Brahmi script, 30, 53–54, 57, 70, 209–10, 220

Britain, 233

Brough, John, 44

Buddhism

and
The Book of Zambasta
, 210–12

and cataloging of documents, 180

and Chang’an, 150, 159–60

and Dandan Uiliq, 12

and dharma, 47

and
The Diamond Sutra
, 24, 179, 183,
236

and Dunhuang cave documents, 24, 167, 168, 173, 181, 183, 188, 190, 241

and education, 56

Hinayana Buddhism, 68

and immigrant populations from Gandhara, 21

and Khotan, 199–200, 203–7, 210–12, 221, 225, 227, 228–29, 231, 240

and Kroraina Kingdom, 26, 30,
31
, 33–35, 47, 51–55,
53

and Kucha, 56–57, 66–70, 76–77, 80

and language studies, 221

Mahayana Buddhism, 52, 66–68, 69

Maitreya Buddha, 61, 211

and migrant populations, 4, 239

and missionaries, 240

and Samarkand, 138

and Sogdiana, 125

and stupas, 30,
31
, 33–35,
53
, 61–62,
62
, 204–6, 205,
205
, 207

and Tibetan rule, 186

and Turfan, 85, 88, 90–92, 108, 110–11, 231

Bühler, Georg, 173

Bukhara, 144

Bulayik, 108–9

burial practices