The Sultan and the Queen: The Untold Story of Elizabeth and Islam (53 page)

7
. C. E. Bosworth,
An Intrepid Scot: William Lithgow of Lanark’s Travels in the Ottoman Lands, North Africa and Central Europe, 1609–21
(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006), p. 115.

8
. Quoted in Gerald MacLean,
Looking East: English Writing and the Ottoman Empire Before 1800
(Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2007), ch. 3, n15.

9
. Hakluyt, vol. 3, p. 131.

10
. Edward Webbe,
The Rare and Most Wonderfull Things Which Edward Webbe an Englishman Borne, Hath Seene and Passed in His Troublesome Travailes, in the Cities of Jerusalem, Damasko, Bethlehem and Galely: and in the Landes of Jewrie, Egypt, Grecia, Russia, and Prester John
(London: William Wright, 1590).

11
. “Webbe, Edward (b. 1553/4),” ODNB.

12
. Bodleian Library MS. Tanner 77, f. 4r.

13
. Ibid.

14
. Quoted in Susan A. Skilliter,
William Harborne and the Trade with Turkey, 1578–1582: A Documentary Study of the First Anglo-Ottoman Relations
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977), p. 36.

15
. Bodleian Library MS. Tanner 77, f. 4r.

16
. Roger M. Savory,
Iran Under the Safavids
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980), pp. 72–75.

17
. Conyers Read,
Mr. Secretary Walsingham and the Policy of Queen Elizabeth,
3 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1925), vol. 3, pp. 329–30.

18
. Ibid., p. 330.

19
. Quoted in Arthur Leon Horniker, “William Harborne and the Beginning of Anglo-Turkish Diplomatic and Commercial Relations,”
Journal of Modern History
14, no. 3 (1942), pp. 289–316; at pp. 309–10.

20
. Bodleian Library MS. Tanner 77, ff. 4r–5r.

21
. Ibid., f. 4r.

22
. Quoted in H. G. Rawlinson, “The Embassy of William Harborne to Constantinople, 1583–88,”
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society,
4th series, vol. 5 (1922), pp. 1–27; at p. 15.

23
. CSPF, vol. 22,
July–December 1588,
pp. 97–110.

24
. Hakluyt, vol. 3, p. 368.

25
. Castries, vol. 1, p. 502.

26
. The description of these events is based on Gustav Ungerer, “Portia and the Prince of Morocco,”
Shakespeare Studies
31 (2003), pp. 89–126; at pp. 97–98.

27
. Quoted in Nabil Matar, “Elizabeth Through Moroccan Eyes,” in
The Foreign Relations of Elizabeth I,
ed. Charles Beem (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2011), pp. 145–67; at p. 150.

28
. Ibid., pp. 150–51.

29
. David Loades,
Elizabeth I: A Life
(London: Hambledon Press, 2003), p. 253.

30
. Matar, “Elizabeth Through Moroccan Eyes,” p. 150.

31
. Hakluyt, vol. 4, p. 275.

32
. Ibid.

33
. Quoted in Matar, “Elizabeth Through Moroccan Eyes,” p. 152.

34
. Hakluyt, vol. 4, p. 275.

Chapter 7: London Turns Turk

1
. Castries, vol. 1, pp. 513–14.

2
. R. B. Wernham, “Elizabeth and the Portugal Expedition of 1589,”
English Historical Review
66, no. 258 (1951), pp. 1–26.

3
. Castries, vol. 1, pp. 516–17.

4
. T. S. Willan,
Studies in Elizabethan Foreign Trade
(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1959), pp. 229–32.

5
. Robert Wilson,
The Three Ladies of London,
Prolog, 1–2.

6
. Christoper Marlowe,
Tamburlaine the Great,
Part 1,
Prolog, 1–8. All references to both parts of
Tamburlaine the Great
are taken from
Christopher Marlowe: Doctor Faustus and Other Plays,
ed. David Bevington and Eric Rasmussen (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), pp. 1–68.

7
. C. H. Herford, Percy Simpson, and Evelyn Simpson, eds.,
Ben Jonson: The Complete Works,
11 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1925–1963), vol. 8, p. 587.

8
. Thomas Nashe, “To the Gentlemen Students of Both Universities,” in Robert Greene,
Greene’s Arcadia or Menaphon
(London, 1589), sig. A2.

9
. Robert Greene,
Perimedes the Black-Smith
(London, 1588), sig. A3r. Buskins are boots often worn by actors.

10
. Marlowe,
Tamburlaine,
Part 1,
3.3.40–47.

11
. Ibid., 4.2.2.

12
. Ibid., 4.2.31–32.

13
. John Michael Archer, “Islam and Tamburlaine’s World Picture,” in
A Companion to the Global Renaissance: English Literature and Culture in the Era of Expansion,
ed. Jyotsna Singh (Oxford: Blackwell, 2009), pp. 67–81; at pp. 76–77.

14
. Marlowe,
Tamburlaine, Part 2
, 1.1.137–42.

15
. Ibid., 5.1.171–74.

16
. Ibid., 5.1.185–89.

17
. Ibid., 5.1.190–95.

18
. Ibid., 5.1.196, 198.

19
. Ibid., 5.3.42–53.

20
. David Riggs, “Marlowe’s Life,” in
The Cambridge Companion to Christopher Marlowe,
ed. Patrick Cheney (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), pp. 24–40.

21
. Title page of the first edition of the two parts of Christopher Marlowe,
Tamburlaine the Great
(London, 1590).

22
. George Peele,
The Battle of Alcazar,
1. Prolog, 6–7, 16. All references to Peele’s play are taken from Charles Edelman, ed.,
Three Stukeley Plays
(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2005), pp. 59–128.

23
. See “Moor, n.2.” OED.

24
. Leo Africanus, quoted in Jerry Brotton, “Moors,” in
The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare,
ed. Michael Dobson and Stanley Wells (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), p. 304.

25
. Peele,
Battle of Alcazar,
1.1.64–65.

26
. Ibid., 1.1.10–11.

27
. Ibid., 2.2.15–16.

28
. Ibid., 2.2.69–82.

29
. Emily C. Bartels,
Speaking of the Moor: From Alcazar to Othello
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008), pp. 21–44.

30
. George Peele, “A Farewell Entitled to the Famous and Fortunate Generals of Our English Forces,” in
The Works of George Peele,
ed. Alexander Dyce, 2 vols. (London: William Pickering, 1829), vol. 2, pp. 169–72: at p. 170. “Poo” is an archaic word for poll, or head.

31
. Wernham, “Elizabeth and the Portugal Expedition,” first part, pp. 19–23.

32
. Quoted in R. B. Wernham, “Elizabeth and the Portugal Expedition of 1589 (Continued),”
English Historical Review
66, no. 259 (1951), pp. 194–218; at p. 207.

33
. Nabil Matar,
Britain and Barbary, 1589–1689
(Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2005), pp. 18–19; Mercedes García-Arenal,
Ahmad al-Mansur: The Beginnings of Modern Morocco
(Oxford: Oneworld, 2009), pp. 84–85.

34
. Castries, vol. 1, pp. 532–34.

35
. Ibid., pp. 537–38.

36
. Ibid., pp. 536–37.

37
. Matar,
Britain and Barbary,
p. 19.

38
. Quoted in Nabil Matar, “Elizabeth Through Moroccan Eyes,” in
The Foreign Relations of Elizabeth I,
ed. Charles Beem (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2011), pp. 145–67; at p. 152.

39
.
The Fugger Newsletter, Second Series: Being a Further Selection from the Fugger Papers Specially Referring to Queen Elizabeth and Matters Relating to England During the Years 1568–1605
(London: John Lane, 1926), p. 217.

40
. Quoted in García-Arenal,
Ahmad al-Mansur,
p. 105.

41
. Matar, “Elizabeth Through Moroccan Eyes,” p. 154.

42
. Peter Berek, “Tamburlaine’s Weak Sons: Imitation as Interpretation Before 1593,”
Renaissance Drama
13 (1982), pp. 55–82; at p. 58.

43
. All references to Greene’s play are taken from Daniel Vitkus, ed.,
Three Turk Plays from Early Modern England
(New York: Columbia University Press, 2000), pp. 55–148.

44
. Greene,
Selimus,
10.16, 12.20, 2.98, 2.102, 2.105.

45
. Ibid., Conclusion, 5–6.

46
. Robert Greene,
Alphonsus, King of Aragon,
3.3.1248, s.d. All references to this play are taken from W. W. Greg, ed.,
Alphonsus, King of Aragon, 1599
(Oxford: Malone Society, 1926).

47
. Ibid., 5.1.2077.

48
. Jonathan Gil Harris,
Untimely Matter in the Time of Shakespeare
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009), pp. 77–81.

49
. Christopher Marlowe,
The Jew of Malta,
1.1.37, 127. This and all subsequent references to the play are from Bevington and Rasmussen,
Christopher Marlowe,
pp. 247–322.

50
. Ibid., 2.3.216.

51
. Ibid., 5.5.83–85.

52
. Ibid., 2.3.175–81, 192–99.

53
. James Shapiro,
Shakespeare and the Jews
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1996).

54
. Marlowe,
The Jew of Malta,
1.1.19–24.

55
. Ibid., 1.1.37.

56
. Charles Nicholl,
The Reckoning: The Murder of Christopher Marlowe
(London: Jonathan Cape, 1992).

Chapter 8: Mahomet’s Dove

1
. R. A. Foakes, ed.,
Henslowe’s Diary,
2d ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp. 16–18. On the exact sequence in which the three parts of
Henry VI
were written and with whom, see Gary Taylor, “Shakespeare and Others: The Authorship of
Henry the Sixth, Part One,
”
Medieval and Renaissance Drama
7 (1995), pp. 145–205.

2
. James Bednarz, “Marlowe and the English Literary Scene,” in
The Cambridge Companion to Christopher Marlowe,
ed. Patrick Cheney (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), pp. 90–105; Jonathan Bate,
The Genius of Shakespeare
(London: Picador, 1997), p. 108.