The Sultan and the Queen: The Untold Story of Elizabeth and Islam (54 page)

3
. Quoted in the introduction to
Henry VI, Part 1,
in
The Oxford Shakespeare,
ed. Michael Taylor (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), p. 2.

4
.
Henry VI, Part I,
1.2.52–54.

5
. Ibid., 1.2.72, 84.

6
. Ibid., 1.2.140–45.

7
. Meredith Hanmer, D. of Diuinitie,
The Baptizing of a Turke: a sermon preached at the Hospitall of Saint Katherin, adioyning vnto her Maiesties Towre the 2. of October 1586. at the baptizing of one Chinano a Turke, borne at Nigropontus
(London: Robert Waldegrave, 1586), p. 9.

8
. Sir Walter Raleigh,
The History of the World,
6 vols. (Edinburgh, 1820), vol. 2, p. 170.

9
. Thomas Nashe, “The Terrors of the Night, or a Discourse of Apparitions,” in
The Unfortunate Traveler and Other Works
, ed. J. B. Steane (London: Penguin, 1972), p. 214.

10
. Wallace T. MacCaffery,
Elizabeth I: War and Politics 1558–1603
(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1992), pp. 137–83; Chris Fitter, “Emergent Shakespeare and the Politics of Protest:
2 Henry VI
in Historical Contexts,”
English Literary History
72, no. 1 (2005), pp. 129–58.

11
. Quoted in Matthew Dimmock,
New Turkes: Dramatizing Islam and the Ottoman Empire in Early Modern England
(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005), p. 163.

12
. “Barton, Edward (1562/3–1598),” ODNB; De Lamar Jensen, “The Ottoman Turks in Sixteenth Century French Diplomacy,”
Sixteenth Century Journal
16, no. 4 (1985), pp. 451–70; at p. 468.

13
. Quoted in Nancy Lyman Roelker,
One King, One Faith: The Parlement of Paris and the Religious Reformations of the Sixteenth Century
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996), p. 412.

14
. Quoted in MacCaffery,
Elizabeth I,
p. 178.

15
. Richard Verstegen,
A Declaration of the True Causes of the Great Troubles, Presupposed to be Intended against the Realm of England
(Antwerp, 1592), p. 48.

16
. Ibid., pp. 48–49.

17
. Francis Bacon, “Certain Observations made upon a Libel Published this Present Year, 1592,” in
The Letters and the Life of Francis Bacon,
ed. James Spedding, 7 vols. (London, 1861–1874), vol. 1, pp. 146–208; at p. 204.

18
. CSPD, vol. 3,
1591–1594,
no. 79, April 27, 1594.

19
. Hakluyt, vol. 4, p. 8.

20
. Leslie P. Peirce,
The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), pp. 224–28; Susan Skilliter, “Three Letters from the Ottoman ‘Sultana’ Safiye to Queen Elizabeth I,” in
Documents from Islamic Chanceries,
ed. S. M. Stern (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1965), pp. 119–57.

21
. Quoted in Skilliter, “Three Letters,” pp. 131–32.

22
. Arthur Golding, trans.,
The xv bookes of P. Ovidius Naso, entytuled Metamorphosis
(London, 1567), sig. B1.

23
.
Titus Andronicus,
3.1. s.d.

24
. Ibid., 2.4.12.

25
. Ibid., 3.1.184.

26
. T. S. Eliot, “Seneca in Elizabethan Translation,” in
Selected Essays, 1917–1932
(London: Faber & Faber, 1932), pp. 65–105.

27
. Quoted in Dominic Shellard,
Kenneth Tynan: A Life
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003), p. 137.

28
. www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/may/12/theater-blood-gore-titus-andronicus.

29
.
Titus Andronicus,
4.2.65.

30
. Ibid., 5.1.63–64.

31
. Ibid., 4.2.91.

32
. Ibid., 5.3.178.

33
. For the case that Peele wrote much of the play’s first act and three other scenes, see Brian Vickers,
Shakespeare, Co-Author: A Historical Study of Five Collaborative Plays
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 148–243. Vickers argues that the preponderance of alliteration and polysyllabic words suggests Peele had a hand in writing the first act and some of the later scenes.

34
.
Titus Andronicus,
5.3.120.

35
. Ibid., 2.3.34–36.

36
. Ibid., 3.1.203–4.

37
. Ibid., 5.1.124–44.

38
. Ibid., 5.3.184–89.

39
. Ibid., 5.1.21.

40
. Ibid., 5.1.68, 71.

41
. Ibid., 5.1.73–83.

42
. Castries, vol. 2, pp. 89–90.

43
. R. B. Wernham,
The Return of the Armadas: The Last Years of the Elizabethan War Against Spain, 1595–1603
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994), pp. 91–113; Edward Tenace, “A Strategy of Reaction: The Armadas of 1596 and 1597 and the Spanish Struggle for European Hegemony,”
English Historical Review
118, no. 478 (2003), pp. 855–82; Paul E. J. Hammer, “Myth-making: Politics, Propaganda and the Capture of Cadiz in 1596,”
Historical Journal
40, no. 3 (1997), pp. 621–42.

44
. Castries, vol. 2, pp. 93–94.

45
. Quoted in Wernham,
Return of the Armadas,
p. 107.

46
. Quoted in Nabil Matar, “Elizabeth Through Moroccan Eyes,” in
The Foreign Relations of Elizabeth I,
ed. Charles Beem (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2011), pp. 145–67; at p. 156.

47
. See Nabil Matar,
Britain and Barbary, 1589–1689
(Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2005), p. 21; he characterizes this moment as a “jihad.”

48
. Wernham,
Return of the Armadas,
pp. 130–69.

49
.
The Merchant of Venice,
4.1.304–5.

50
. Ibid., 4.1.382.

51
. Quoted in James Shapiro,
Shakespeare and the Jews
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1996), p. 73.

52
.
The Merchant of Venice,
3.1.49–54.

53
. Ibid., 3.1.54–61.

54
. Ibid., 4.1.169.

55
. Ibid., 1.2.109–10.

56
. Ibid., 2.1.1–7.

57
. Ibid., 2.1.8–12.

58
. Ibid., 2.1.24–26.

59
. Ibid., 2.7.78–79.

60
. Castries, vol. 2, p. 64.

61
. T. S. Willan,
Studies in Elizabethan Foreign Trade
(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1959), p. 296.

Chapter 9: Escape from the Seraglio

1
. Quoted in H. E. Rosedale,
Queen Elizabeth and the Levant Company
(London, 1904), p. 18.

2
. Quoted in ibid., p. 27.

3
. Quoted in ibid., pp. 27–28, 39.

4
. Quoted in Gerald MacLean,
The Rise of Oriental Travel: English Visitors to the Ottoman Empire, 1580–1720
(Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2004), p. 40.

5
. “Barton, Edward (1562/3–1598),” ODNB.

6
. Quoted in Franklin L. Baumer, “England, the Turk and the Common Corps of Christendom,”
American Historical Review
50, no. 1 (1944), pp. 26–48; at p. 35.

7
. Alfred C. Wood,
A History of the Levant Company
(London: Oxford University Press, 1935), pp. 22–24.

8
. Anders Ingram, “English Literature on the Ottoman Turks in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries,” PhD thesis, University of Durham, 2009, pp. 388–95; available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/86/. See also his book
Writing the Ottomans: Turkish History in Early Modern England
(Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2015).

9
. On carpets, rugs and other material imports through the Ottoman territories, see Gerald MacLean,
Looking East: English Writing and the Ottoman Empire Before 1800
(Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2007), pp. 27–62.

10
. Karen Hearn,
Dynasties: Painting in Tudor and Jacobean England, 1530–1630
(London: Tate Publishing, 1996), p. 64.

11
. Jean Lobbet to Philip Sidney, Strasburg, July 5, 1575, in
The Correspondence of Sir Philip Sidney,
ed. Roger Kuin, 2 vols. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), vol. 1, p. 483.

12
. R. W. Maslen, ed.,
An Apology for Poetry (or The Defense of Poesy): Philip Sidney
(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002), p. 105.

13
. Charles Lethbridge Kingsford, “Essex House, Formerly Leicester House and Exeter Inn,”
Archaeologia, or Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity
73 (1923), pp. 1–51.

14
. Lionel Cust, “The Lumley Inventories,”
Walpole Society
6 (1918), pp. 15–35.

15
. Robert Brenner,
Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London’s Overseas Traders, 1550–1653
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), pp. 25, 42.

16
.
The Taming of the Shrew,
2.1.345.

17
.
The Comedy of Errors,
4.1.104.

18
. Santina M. Levey,
The Embroideries at Hardwick Hall: A Catalog
(London: National Trust Books, 2007), pp. 380–85; Hakluyt, vol. 2, pp. 201–3.

19
. Wood,
Levant Company,
p. 24; T. S. Willan, “Some Aspects of English Trade with the Levant in the Sixteenth Century,”
English Historical Review
70, no. 276 (1955), pp. 399–410.

20
. Sir William Foster, ed.,
The Travels of John Sanderson in the Levant, 1584–1602
(London: Hakluyt Society, 1931), pp. 32, 33.

21
. Gillian White, “‘That whyche ys nedefoulle and nesesary’: The Nature and Purpose of the Original Furnishings and Decoration of Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire,” PhD thesis, University of Warwick, 2 vols., 2005, vol. 1, p. 99.

22
. Levey,
The Embroideries at Hardwick Hall,
pp. 99–109.

23
. Matthew Dimmock,
New Turkes: Dramatizing Islam and the Ottoman Empire in Early Modern England
(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005), pp. 167–68.

24
.
Richard II,
4.1.125–32.

25
.
Henry IV, Part 1,
1.1.12–13.