Tommy (92 page)

71
Quoted in Louden
Chaplains
p. 49.

72
G. A. Studdert Kennedy
The Unutterable Beauty
(Oxford 1983) p. 11.

73
Louden
Chaplains in Conflict
(London 1996) p. 51.

74
Feilding
War Letters
pp. 136, 138.

75
Blacker
Have You Forgotten Yet?
p. 114.

76
Moynihan
God on Our Side
p. 160.

77
Horne (ed.)
The Best of Good Fellows
p. 185.

78
Reith
Wearing Spurs
p. 158.

79
Douie
Weary Road
p. 47.

80
Nicholson
Behind the Lines
pp. 155–6.

81
Graves
Goodbye
p. 157.

82
Gordon
Unreturning Army
p. 81.

83
A. J. Arnold papers, Department of Documents, Imperial War Museum.

84
Mc Cormick
Diary,
Department of Documents, Imperial War Museum.

85
George Taylor Papers, Department of Documents, Imperial War Museum.

86
R. G. Ashford Papers, Liddle Collection, Brotherton Library, University of Leeds.

87
L. A. Doust Papers, Liddle Collection, Brotherton Library, University of Leeds.

88
Quoted in Moynihan
God on Our Side
p. 7.

89
Bickersteth (ed.)
Bickersteth Diaries
p. 105.

90
Groom
Poor Bloody Infantry
p. 122.

91
Ashford Papers.

92
Talbot Kelly
Subaltern's Odyssey
p. 45.

93
Blacker
Have You Forgotten?
pp. 158–64.

94
Doiue
Weary Road
p. 153.

95
Groom
Poor Bloody Infantry
p. 118.

96
Hodges
Men of '18
p. 84.

97
Campbell
Cannon's Mouth
p. 44.

98
Rogerson
Twelve Days
p. 88.

99
Vaughan
Some Desperate Glory
p. 107.

100
Dunn
The War
p. 183.

101
Graves
Goodbye
p. 157.

102
Quoted in J. G. Fuller
Troop Morale and Popular Culture in the British and Dominion Armies 1914–18
(London 1990) p. 27.

103
Gibbs
Realities of War
p. 57.

104
Quoted in Moynihan
Armageddon
p. 42.

105
Edward Samuel Underhill
A Year on the Western Front
(London 1988) pp. 6–7.

106
Quoted in Fuller
Troop Morale
p. 128.

107
Montague
Disenchantment
p. 101.

108
Mottram
Spanish Farm.

109
Reith
Wearing Spurs
p. 205.

110
Martin
Poor Bloody Infantry
pp. 136–7.

111
Mellersh
Schoolboy into War
pp. 100–01.

112
Hiscock
Bells of Hell
p. 31.

113
Sydney Giffard
Guns, Kites and Horses
(London 2003) p. 221.

114
Graham
Private in the Guards
p. 341.

115
Tony Ashworth
Trench Warfare: The Live and Let Live System
(London 1980) p. 154.

116
Carrington,
Soldier From the Wars
p. 98.

117
Montague
Disenchantment
p. 40.

118
Gale
Call to Arms
pp. 29–30.

119
Montague
Disenchantment
p. 40.

120
Siegfried Sassoon
Collected Poems
(London 1947).

121
H. Carpenter
J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography
(London 1978) p. 89.

122
Quoted in G. D. Sheffield
Leadership in the Trenches
(London 2000) p. 181.

123
Quoted in Liddle
Passchendaele in Perspective
p. 360.

124
Montague
Disenchantment
pp. 33, 59.

125
Frederic Coleman
With the Cavalry in 1914
(London 1916) p. 122.

126
French
Gone for a Soldier
pp. 68–9.

127
Montague
Disenchantment
p. 108.

128
Graham
Private in the Guards
p. 328.

129
Jones
In Parenthesis
p. 204.

130
Rogerson
Twelve Days
p. 124.

131
Congreve
Armageddon Road
P. 57.

132
Graves
Goodbye
p. 157.

133
Hanbury Sparrow
Land-Locked Lake
pp. 222, 212.

134
Non-commissioned personnel in the German army fell into three categories, very much simplified here. There were the men, from the private
soldat
(with regimental and arm of service variations like
grenadier, reiter
or
kanonier)
to the
gefreiter,
effectively a senior private. Then came the junior NCOs –
Unteroffiziere ohne Portepee – Unteroffizier
and, in some arms,
sergeant.
Lastly came the senior NCOs –
Unteroffiziere mit Portepee
– including
vizefeldwebel
and
feldwebel (vizewachtmeister
and
Wachtmeister
in some arms) to two grades that were effectively officer-substitutes,
Offizierstellvertreter
and
feldwebelleutnant.
Potential officers could rank with the junior NCOs as a
fahnrich
or with the senior NCOs as a
portepeefahrich,
and had executive authority.

135
Dunn
The War
p. 243.

136
Dunn
The War
p. 244.

137
Stormont Gibbs
From the Somme to the Armistice
(London 1986) p. 69.

138
Dunn
The War
p. 353.

139
Dunn
The War
p. 214.

140
Hodges
Men of '18
p. 156.

141
Rogerson
Twelve Days
p. 118.

142
Edmund Blunden
Undertones of War
(London 1965) p. 108. 133

143
Sassoon
Infantry Officer
p. 159.

144
Behrend
Kemmel Hill
pp. 96, 89.

145
Talbot Kelly
Subaltern's Odyssey
p. 123.

146
Gladden
Ypres 1917
p. 66.

147
William Carr
A Time to Leave the Ploughshares
(London 1985) pp. 163–4.

148
Dolby
Regimental Surgeon
pp. 113–14.

149
Charles Arnold
From Mons to Messines and Beyond
(London 1985) p. 24.

150
Bynes and Maclean
Tale of Two Captains
p. 106.

151
Priestley
Margin Released
p. 130.

152
Bickersteth (ed.)
Bickersteth Diaries
p. 267.

153
Congreve
Armageddon Road
p. 57.

154
Underhill
A Year
p. 56.

155
Martin
Poor Bloody Infantry
pp. 117–18.

156
George Adams Papers, Liddle Archive, Brotherton Library, University of Leeds.

157
Greenwell
Infant in Arms
p. 21.

158
Adams
Nothing of Importance
pp. 31–2.

159
See Malcolm Brown and Shirley Seaton
Christmas Truce
(London 1984).

160
Griffith
Mametz
pp. 32, 34.

161
Chapman
Passionate Prodigality
p. 66.

162
Quoted in Ashworth
Trench Warfare
p. 139.

163
Harris
Billie
p. l09. Bull's eyes, inners and magpies were the rings on the targets used on the rifle range, and during range practice the butt-markers, in the cover of the butts below the targets, used a marker (or, in the case of misses, a flag disrespectfully known as Maggie's drawers) to signal the result of the shot.

164
Percy Croney
Soldier's Luck
(London 1965) p. 86.

165
Eberle
My Sapper Venture
p. 23.

166
Major General Lord Edward Gleichen
The Doings of the Fifteenth Infantry Brigade
(Edinburgh 1917) p. 81.

167
Dunham
Long Carry
p. 52.

168
Burgoyne
Diaries
p. 76.

169
Hawkings
From Ypres
p. 82.

170
Coppard
Machine Gun
pp. 86, 90.

171
Feilding
War Letters
pp. 156, 159.

172
Carrington
Soldier
p. 183.

173
T. P. Marks
The Laughter Goes From Life
(London 1977) p. 124.

174
Junger
Storm of Steel
pp. 277–8.

175
Graham
Private in the Guards
p. 219.

176
Coppard
Machine Gun
p. 95.

177
Chapman
Passionate Prodigality
pp. 99–100.

178
Hodges
Men of 18
p. 94.

179
G. and S. Rain Papers, Liddle Archive, Brotherton Library, University of Leeds.

180
Hanbury Sparrow
Land-Locked Lake
p. 114.

181
Ward
Welsh Guards
p. 127.

182
Arthur Smith Papers.

183
Stanhope Papers.

184
Greenwell
Infant in Arms
p. 119.

185
Chapman
Passionate Prodigality p. 272.

186
Crozier
Brass Hat
p. 43.

187
Richards
Old Soldiers
p. 254.

188
Gladden
Ypres 1917
p. 63.

189
Graham
Private in the Guards
p. 218.

190
Quoted in Bourke
Killing
p. 183.

191
Arthur Hubbard Papers, Department of Documents, Imperial War Museum.

192
Crozier
Brass Hat
p. 108.

193
Crozier
Brass Hat
p. 111.

194
Williamson
Wet Flanders Plain
p. 18.

195
Parker
Into Battle
p. 78.

196
Vaughan
Some Desperate Glory
p. 228.

197
Crozier
The Men I Killed

198
Manual of Military Law 1914
(London 1914) p. 1.

199
Burgoyne Diaries
pp. 6, 24.

200
Dunn
The War
pp. 100–101.

201
Arnold
Mons to Messines
p. 30.

202
Stanhope Papers.

203
W. J. Albert Papers, Liddle Archive, Brotherton Library, University of Leeds.

204
King's Regulations 1912 (Revised 1914)
para 446.

205
Ogle
Fateful Battle Line
pp. 17–18.

206
Manual of Military Law 1914
p. 721.

207
Arthur James Moss
A Diary from the Trenches
(privately printed, 2002) p. 35.

208
Roe
Accidental Soldiers
p. 122.

209
Victor Archard Papers, Tank Museum, Bovingdon.

210
Moss
Diary
p. 9. I was initially sceptical about this assertion, but this is an authentic diary, not written with publication in mind, and seems an honest account. The punishment, clearly illegal in the form described, was a fusion of formal and informal penalties, and suggests a gross lack of officer supervision.

211
Turner
Accrington Pals
p. 116.

212
Major General Douglas Wimberley
Scottish Soldier
(typescript account, private collection) p. 98.

213
Feilding
War Letters
p. 175.

214
Manual of Military Law 1914
pp. 631–6.

215
P. J. Oldfield ‘The Field General Court Martial of 7595 Private James A. Haddock',
Stand To
(no. 39 Winter 1993).

216
Carrington
Soldier from the Wars
p. 172.

217
Crozier
Brass Hat
p. 149.

218
Chapman
Passionate Prodigality
pp. 73–4.

219
McCleary (ed.)
Dear Amy
p. 158.

220
Quoted in Corns and Hughes-Wilson
Blindfold and Alone
p. 359.

221
Bond (ed.)
Staff Officer
p. 118.

222
Burgoyne Diaries
p. 106.

223
Feilding
War Letters
pp. 175–6.

224
Dunbar Papers, Liddle Archive, Brotherton Library, University of Leeds.

225
Moran
Anatomy of Courage
p. 190.

226
Corns and Hughes-Wilson
Blindfold and Alone
pp. 319–20.

227
Corns and Hughes-Wilson
Blindfold and Alone
p. 343.

228
Ogle
Fateful Battle Line
p. 108.

229
Crozier
Brass Hat
pp. 82–4. There is a similar version in the same author's
The Men I Killed,
though both understandably give the victim a false name.

230
Bickersteth (ed.)
Bickersteth Diaries
pp. 224–5.

231
Nicholson
Behind the Lines
p. 263.

232
For this emotive issue see G. D. Sheffield ‘The Operational Role of British Military Police on the Western Front' in Griffith
British Fighting Methods.