Tommy (95 page)

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Authors: Richard Holmes

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Lucy, John,
There's a Devil in the Drum
(London 1938)

Lytton Sells, A., (trans. and ed.),
The Memoirs of James II: His Campaigns as Duke of York 1652–1660
(Bloomington, Indiana 1962)

Mackie, John H. F., (ed.),
Answering the Call: Letters from the Somerset Light Infantry 1914–19
(Eggleston, Co. Durham 2002)

Macmillan, Harold,
The Winds of Change
(London 1966)

Macready, Nevil,
Annals of an Active Life,
2 vols (London 1924)

Marks, T. P.,
The Laughter Goes from Life
(London 1977)

Martin, Bernard,
Poor Bloody Infantry: A Subaltern on the Western Front
(London 1987)

Masefield, John,
The Old Front Line
(London 1917)

———The Battle of the Somme
(London 1919)

Meacham, Standish,
A Life Apart: The English Working Class
(London 1977)

Middlebrook, Martín and Mary,
The Somme Battlefields
(London 1991)

———The First Day of the Somme
(London 1971)

———Your Country Needs You
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Montague, C. E.,
Disenchantment
(London 1922)

Moran, Lord,
The Anatomy of Courage
(London 1945)

Mottram, R. H,
The Spanish Farm Trilogy
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Moynihan, Michael, (ed.),
A Place Called Armageddon; Letters from the Great War
(London 1975)

———(ed.),
Greater Love
(London 1980)

Nash, T. am, (ed),
The Diary of an Unprofessional Soldier
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Neillands, Robin,
The Great War Generals on the Western Front 1914–18
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Nicholson, Colonel W. M.,
Behind the Lines
(London 1939)

Ogle, Henry,
The Fateful Battle Line
(London 1993)

Osburn, Arthur,
Unwilling Passenger
(London 1932)

Ousby, Ian,
The Road to Verdun
(London 2001)

Owen, H., and Bell, J., (eds),
Wilfred Owen: Collected Letters
(London 1967)

Paret, Peter, (ed.),
Makers of Modern Strategy
(Oxford 1986)

Parker, Ernest,
Into Battle 1914–18
(London 1994)

Pease, Howard,
The History of the Northumberland (Hussars) Yeomanry
(London 1924)

Pollock, John,
Kitchener
(London 1998)

Porch, Douglas,
The March to the Marne
(Cambridge 1981)

Priestley, J. B.,
Margin Released
(London 1962)

Prior, Robin, and Wilson, Trevor,
Command on the Western Front
(London 1992)

Pugh, Stevenson, (ed.),
Armour in Profile
(Windsor 1968)

Ramsbottom, Ray F.,
Marching as to War
(Tarporley, Cheshire 2000)

Reith, John,
Wearing Spurs
(London 1966)

Richards, Frank,
Old Soldiers Never Die
(London 1933)

———Old Soldier Sahib
(London 1936)

Richter, Donald,
Chemical Soldiers: British Gas Warfare in World War I
(Lawrence, Kansas 1992)

Rimington, Major Gen. M. F.,
Our Cavalry
(London 1912)

Roe, Brigadier F. P.,
Accidental Soldiers
(London 1981)

Rogerson, Sidney,
Last of the Ebb
(London 1937)

———Twelve Days
(London 1033)

Sainsbury, J. D.,
The Hertfordshire Yeomanry
(Welwyn 1994)

Sambrook, James, (ed.),
With the Rank and Pay of a Sapper
(London 1998)

Sassoon, Siegfried,
Memoirs of a Foxhunting Man
(London 1971)

———Memoirs of an Infantry Officer
(London 1977)

———Sherston's Progress
(London 1974)

Saunders, Anthony,
The Weapons of Trench Warfare 1914–18
(Stroud 1999)

Shephard, Ernest,
A Sergeant Major's War
(Ramsbury, Wilts. 1987)

Shepherd, Ben,
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(London 2000)

Simkins, Peter,
Kitchener's Army
(Manchester 1988)

Sitwell, Osbert,
Great Morning
(London 1048)

Spears, Edward,
Liaison 1914
(London 1999)

Spears, E. L.,
Prelude to Victory
(London 1939)

Spicer, Lancelot Dykes,
Letters from France
(London 1979)

Statistics of the Military Effort of the British Empire during the War
(London 1922)

Swinton, Maj. Gen. Sir Ernest,
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(London 1920)

Talbot Kelly, R. B.,
Subaltern's Odyssey
(London 1980)

Tennant, Norman,
A Saturday Night Soldier's War 1913–18
(Waddesdon, Bucks. 1983)

Terraine, John,
Douglas Haig: The Educated Soldier
(London 1963)

———The Road to Passchendaele: The Flanders Offensive of 1917
(London 1977)

———The Smoke and the Fire: Myths and Anti-Myths of War
(London 1992)

Thompson, Flora
Lark Rise to Candleford
(London 1979)

Tilton, May,
The Grey Battalion
(Sydney 1934)

Trawin, Len,
Early British Quick Firing Artillery
(Hemel Hempstead 1997)

Turner, William,
Accrington Pals
(London 1992)

Tyndale-Biscoe, Julian,
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(London 1971)

Underhill, Edward,
A Year on the Western Front
(London 1988)

Vansittart, Peter,
(ed.), John Mansfield's Letters from the Front 1915–17
(London 1984)

Vaughan, Edwin Campion,
Some Desperate Glory
(London 1981)

Van Creveld, Martin,
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(London 1985)

Wade, Aubrey,
The War of the Guns
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Ward, C. Dudley,
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(London 1920)

Weist, Andrew A.,
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Westlake, Ray,
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Westman, Stephen,
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(London 1968)

Williamson, Henry,
Love and the Loveless
(London 1958)

———The Wet Flanders Plain
(London 1987)

Winter, Denis,
Haig's Command
(London 1991)

Winter, J. M.,
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(London 1985)

Woodruff, William,
The Road to Nab End
(London 2002)

Wynn, Captain G. C.,
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(London 1940)

Young, Michael,
Army Service Corps 1902–1918
(Barnsley 2000)

Zabecki, David T.,
Steel Wind: Colonel George Bruchmuller and the Birth of Modern Artillery
(London 1994)

Articles

Burke, Tom, ‘In Memory of Tom Kettle',
The Blue Cap: Journal of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers Association,
Vol. 9, September 2002

Corns, Cathryn, ‘So Ended the Golden Age: 9th York and Lancaster Regiment on 1st July 1916',
Battlefields Review,
Issue 27, 2003

Fenton, Ben, ‘Shamed General's Battle of the Somme',
Daily Telegraph,
16 August 1998

Gill, Douglas, ‘Mutiny at Etaples Base in 1917',
Past and Present,
No. 69

Hughes, Clive, ‘The Welsh Army Corps 1914–15',
Imperial War Museum Review,
No. 1, 1986

Mitchinson, Kevin W., ‘The Transfer Controversy: Parliament and London Regiment',
Stand To: The Journal of the Western Front Association,
No. 33, Winter 1991

Petter, Martin, ‘ “Temporary Gentlemen” in the Aftermath of the Great War: Rank, Status and the ex-Officer Problem',
Historical Journal,
No. 37, Vol. 1, 1994

Philpott, William, ‘Why the British Were Really on the Somme: A Reply to Elizabeth Greenhalgh',
War in History,
Vol. 9, No. 4, 2002

Sheffield, G. D., ‘The Australians at Poizières: Command and Control on the Somme, 1916', in French, David, and Reid, Brian Holden,

The British General Staff: Reform Innovations c. 1890–1939),
London 2002

Sly, John S., ‘The Men of 1914',
Stand To,
No. 34, Summer 1992

Tanner, Alyn, ‘Sergeant Sidney Farmer MM – Seventeen Times

Wounded!',
Journal of the Orders and Medals Research Society,
Vol. 41, No. 4, December 2002 Tawney, R. H., ‘Some Reflections of a Soldier',
Nation,
October 1916

Thompson, David, ‘The Second Battalion Durham Light Infantry in the Great War',
Stand To,
No. 65, September 2002

Williams, M. J., ‘Thirty Per Cent: A Study in Casualty Statistics',
Journal of the Royal United Services Institute,
February 1964

Williams, M. J., ‘The Treatment of German Losses on the Somme in the British Official History',
Journal of the Royal United Services Institute,
February 1966

On-line

www.wardiaries.co.uk

ABBREVIATIONS AND GLOSSARY
AA & QMG
assistant adjutant and quartermaster general (the principal administrative staff officer in a division)
ADC
aide de camp (usually a lieutenant or captain on a general's personal staff)
Adj
adjutant (generally a captain, the staff officer to the commanding officer of a battalion or equivalent)
ADMS
assistant director of Medical Services (the senior medical officer in a division)
ADS
advance dressing station (the second link in the chain of medical evacuation)
AG
adjutant general
Alleyman
slang for a German (from French
allemand)
APM
assistant provost marshal (responsible for military police matters at division, corps and army headquarters)
Archie
anti-aircraft gun or gunfire. From a music-hall song with the words ‘Archibald – certainly not!'
ASC
Army Service Corps (or, unkindly, Ally Sloper's Cavalry)
AVC
Army Veterinary Corps
BC
battery commander
BEF
British Expeditionary Force
BGGS
brigadier general, general staff (chief of staff of a corps)
Blighty
Home, Britain
BM
brigade major (chief of staff of a brigade)
BQMS
battery quartermaster sergeant: the equivalent ofCQMS in the Royal Artillery
BSM
battery sergeant major (ranking as warrant officer class 2)
bullring
training area at the base
Canary
training NCO at the base (so called because of his yellow armband)
CB
Companion of the Order of the Bath confined to barracks
counter battery
CCS
casualty clearing station (the third link in the chain of medical evacuation)
CGS
chief of the general staff (chief of staff of the British Expeditionary Force)
CIGS
chief of the imperial general staff (professional head of the British army)
CMC
Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George
C in C
commander in chief (overall commander of the BEF: until December 1915 Field Marshal Sir John French, and then General (later Field Marshal) Sir Douglas Haig
CO
commanding officer (properly used for commanding officers of battalions or their equivalents in other arms, though sometimes blurred with OC [qv])
Coal Box
German heavy shell (so named because of its cloud of black smoke: see also Jack Johnson')
CQMS
company quartermaster sergeant (senior NCO, ranking as staff sergeant, responsible for administration at company or equivalent level)
CRA
commander Royal Artillery (artillery commander in adivision)
CRE
commander Royal Engineers (engineer commander in a division)
Crump
German heavy shell
CSM
company sergeant major (ranking as warrant officer class 2)
DAA &
QMG deputy assistant adjutant and quartermaster general (subordinate administrative staff officer)
DAD MS
deputy assistant director of Medical Services (subordinate medical staff officer)
DADOS
deputy assistant director of Ordnance Services (the senior ordnance officer in a division)
DAQMG
deputy assistant quartermaster general (subordinate administrative staff officer)
DCM
Distinguished Conduct Medal
DSO
Distinguished Service Order
FGCM
Field General Court Martial
Flying pig
type of trench mortar bomb
FOO
forward observation officer
GHQ
general headquarters (headquarters of the BEF, established at St-Omer in the autumn of 1914, moving to Montreuilsur-Mer in 1916)
GOC
general officer commanding (the commander of a brigade, division, corps or army)
GS
General Service, as in GS wagon
GSO
general staff officer
GSOl
general staff officer 1st grade (Lt. Col.). In a division, its chief of staff
GSO2
general staff officer 2nd grade (Maj.)
GSO3
general staff officer 3rd Grade (Capt.)
Jack Johnson
German heavy shell (named after the famous black heavyweight boxer, 1878–1946). See Coal Box.
KCB
Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
L of C
lines of communication
MC
Military Cross
MG
machine gun
MGGS
major general General Staff (chief of staff of an army)
MGRA
major general Royal Artillery (senior artillery officer in an army)
Minnie
from
Minenwerfer,
German trench mortar
MM
Military Medal
MO
medical officer
MS
military secretary
NCO
non-commissioned officer
OC
officer commanding (properly used for officers commanding companies and platoons or their equivalents in other arms, though sometimes blurred with CO [qv])
OR
other ranks: private soldiers and NCOs, as distinct from officers
Pipsqueak
small-calibre German shell (see whiz-bang)
QM
quartermaster (the administrative staff officer to a battalion or equivalent: in the British army always an officer promoted from the ranks)
QMG
quartermaster general
RAMC
Royal Army Medical Corps
RAP
regimental aid post (the first link in the chain of medical evacuation)
RE
Royal Engineers
register
to adjust artillery fire onto a target
RFA
Royal Field Artillery
RFC
Royal Flying Corps (became RAF on 1 April 1918)
RGA
Royal Garrison Artillery
RHA
Royal Horse Artillery
RMO
regimental medical officer (generally a lieutenant or captain RAMC). Often simply MO
RQMS
regimental quartermaster sergeant (ranking as warrantofficer class 2 in a battalion or equivalent, the quartermaster's principal assistant)
RSM
regimental sergeant major (ranking as warrant officer class 1)
RTO
railway transport officer
SAA
small-arms ammunition
SB
stretcher-bearer
SIW
self-inflicted wound
SOS
Save Our Souls: the close protective target on which field artillery was laid when not otherwise engaged
stand to
from ‘stand to your arms'. The period at dusk and dawn when troops were required to man their battle positions to repel an attack
TM
trench mortar
TMB
trench mortar battery
Toffee Apple
type of trench mortar bomb
VC
Victoria Cross
Whiz-bang
small-calibre German shell (see ‘Pipsqueak')
WO
warrant officer

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