Civilization: The West and the Rest (64 page)
31
. Grayling,
Light of Liberty
, pp. 189–93.
32
. Wilde,
De Profundis
, pp. 21, 23, 33.
33
. Berger and Spoerer, ‘Economic Crises’.
34
. See e.g. Fowler,
Lancashire Cotton Operatives
.
35
. Allen, ‘Great Divergence in European Wages’. I am grateful to Robert Allen for sharing his wage data with me.
36
. Allen et al., ‘Wages, Prices, and Living Standards’.
37
. Mazzini, ‘To the Italians’.
38
. Bismarck,
Reminiscences
, Vol. I, ch. 13.
39
. Schorske,
Fin-de-Siècle Vienna
.
40
. H. C. Martin, ‘Singer Memories’:
http://www.singermemories.com/index.html
.
41
. Maddison,
World Economy
, tables B-10, B-21.
42
. Kennedy,
Rise and Fall
, p. 190.
43
. Bairoch, ‘International Industrialization Levels’.
44
. Broadberry, ‘Total Factor Productivity’.
45
. Fordham, ‘ “Revisionism” Reconsidered’.
46
. Clark and Feenstra, ‘Technology in the Great Divergence’, table 8.
47
. Dyos and Aldcroft,
British Transport
, table 4.
48
. Maurer and Yu,
Big Ditch
, p. 145.
49
. Clark and Feenstra, ‘Technology in the Great Divergence’.
50
. Clark,
Farewell to Alms
, table 15.3.
51
. McKeown, ‘Global Migration’, p. 156.
52
. Carter et al. (eds.),
Historical Statistics of the United States
, tables Ad354–443.
53
. Mitchell,
Abstract of British Historical Statistics
, pp. 333f.
54
. I am grateful to Simon Cundey of Henry Poole for giving me sight of the firm’s old order books and other useful documents.
55
. Beasley,
Japan Encounters the Barbarian
.
56
. See Hirano,
State and Cultural Transformation
, p. 124.
57
. Keene,
Emperor of Japan
, p. 12. See the 1873 photograph of the Emperor by Uchida Kyuichi:
http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/21f/21f.027j/throwing_off_asia_01/ emperor_02.html
.
58
. Malony, ‘Modernity, Gender and Empire’.
59
. See
Illustration of the Ceremony Promulgating the Constitution
, unknown artist (1890).
60
. Penn State University,
Making Japanese
online resource,
http://www.east-asian-history.net/textbooks/MJ/ch3.htm
.
61
. Keene,
Emperor of Japan
, p. 295.
62
. Gong,
Standard of ‘Civilization’
.
63
. Keene,
Emperor of Japan
, p. 194.
64
. Japan Cotton Spinners’ Association,
Cotton Statistics of Japan: 1903–1924
, table 1
.
65
. Wall,
Japan’s Century
, p. 17.
66
. Kamisaka,
Cotton Mills and Workers
.
67
. Moser,
Cotton Textile Industry
, p. 30.
68
. Ibid.
69
. Farnie, ‘Role of Cotton Textiles’.
70
. Clark and Feenstra, ‘Technology in the Great Divergence’. On American productivity, see Copeland, ‘Technical Development’.
71
. See e.g. Moser,
Cotton Textile Industry
, p. 102. See also Wolcott and Clark, ‘Why Nations Fail’.
72
. Upadhyay,
Existence, Identity and Mobilization
.
73
. A fine example is Mizono Toshikata’s woodblock print in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
74
. Meech-Pekarik,
World of the Meiji Print
, p. 145.
75
. From Lenin,
The State and Revolution
(1918).
76
. Cole et al., ‘Deflation and the International Great Depression’.
77
. Friedman and Schwartz,
Monetary History of the United States
.
78
. Keynes,
Tract on Monetary
Reform
(1924).
79
. Tooze,
Wages of Destruction
.
80
. For further details, see Ferguson,
War of the World
.
81
. Harrison,
Economics of World War II
.
82
. Westad,
Global Cold War
.
83
. Ferguson,
War of the World
, pp. 606–17.
84
. Data from Singer and Small, Correlates of War.
85
. Piketty and Saez, ‘Income Inequality’, esp. figure 20.
86
. Hyman, ‘Debtor Nation’.
87
. I am grateful to my colleague Diego Comin for these figures.
88
. Sullivan,
Jeans
, pp. 9, 77.
89
. Ibid., pp. 214f.
90
. ‘Coca-Cola as Sold Throughout the World’,
Red Barrel
, 8, 3 (March 1929).
91
. See Allen,
Secret Formula
, p. 325.
92
. Interview with the author, 2009. See also Wolle,
Traum von der Revolte
, esp. pp. 56–61.
93
. Debray, ‘The Third World’,
http://www.digitalnpq.org/archive/1986_spring/kalashnikov.html
94
. Suri,
Power and Protest
.
95
. Kurlansky,
1968
.
96
. Marshall,
Demanding the Impossible
, pp. 551ff.
97
. For 1968 graffiti, see
http://www.bopsecrets.org/CF/graffiti.htm
.
98
. Greer,
Female Eunuch
, p. 322.
99
. Sullivan,
Jeans
, p. 131.
100
. Interview with author, 2009.
101
. Interview with author, 2009.
102
. Ramet, ‘Rock Music in Czechoslovakia’, pp. 59, 63.
103
. Poiger,
Jazz, Rock and Rebels
, pp. 62ff.
104
. Safanov, ‘Revolution’.
105
. Siefert, ‘From Cold War to Wary Peace’.
106
. Interview with author, 2009.
107
. Bergson, ‘How Big was the Soviet GDP?’ See in general Cox (ed.),
Rethinking the Soviet Collapse
.
108
. Fukuyama,
End of History
.
109
. Gaddis,
Cold War
.
110
. Charlotte Sector, ‘Belarusians Wear Jeans in Silent Protest’, ABC News, 13 January 2006.
111
. Interview with author, 2009.
112
. Ferdows, ‘Women and the Islamic Revolution’; Nashat, ‘Women in the Islamic Republic’.
113
. Ebadi,
Iran Awakening
, pp. 41f.
CHAPTER 6: WORK
1
. Gibbon,
Decline and Fall
, ch. 31, Parts III and IV.
2
. Scaff, ‘Remnants of Romanticism’.
3
. Weber,
Max Weber
, p. 292.
4
. Weber,
Protestant Ethic
, pp. 112, 154.
5
. Ibid., p. 119.
6
. Ibid., p. 24. For a modern restatement, see Koch and Smith,
Suicide of the West
, pp. 184f.
7
. Weber,
Protestant Ethic
, p. 180.
8
. Ibid., pp. 70f.
9
. Ibid., p. 166. See Chiswick, ‘Economic Progress’.
10
. Tawney,
Religion and the Rise of Capitalism
.
11
. Cantoni, ‘Economic Effects’.
12
. Delacroix and Nielsen, ‘Beloved Myth’. See also Iannaccone, ‘Introduction’.
13
. Young, ‘Religion and Economic Growth’.
14
. Grier, ‘Effect of Religion on Economic Development’.
15
. Becker and Wössmann, ‘Was Weber Wrong?’
16
. Trevor-Roper, ‘Religion, the Reformation and Social Change’.
17
. Woodberry, ‘Shadow of Empire’.
18
. Guiso et al., ‘People’s Opium?’
19
. Barro and McCleary, ‘Religion and Economic Growth’.
20
. World Bank, World Development Indicators online.
21
. Ferguson, ‘Economics, Religion and the Decline of Europe’.
22
. Data from the Conference Board Total Economy Database, September 2010,
http://www.conference-board.org/data/economydatabase/
. See also OECD.Stat and various OECD publications.
23
. World Values Survey Association,
World Values Survey
.
24
. Chesterton,
Short History
, p. 104.
25
. Bruce,
God is Dead
, p. 67.
26
. Data from
http://www.cofe.anglican.org/news/pr2009.html
.
27
. See Brown,
Death of Christian Britain
, esp. p. 191. See also the essays in McLeod and Ustorf (eds.),
Decline of Christendom
.
28
. Bruce,
God is Dead
, p. 65.
29
. Davie,
Religion in Britain
, pp. 119, 121.