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124.
Verrier, Anthony, ‘British military policy on Arabia: some lessons for the future',
Journal of the RUSI
112/648, (November 1967), p. 352.

125.
‘JIC Minutes', 6 December 1962, JIC(62)63rd Meeting, CAB 159/38.

126.
Trevaskis to Sandys, ‘The Threat to Our Position in Aden and the Measures Required to Counter it: Appendix III—The Need for Action to Rid the Yemen of UAR Troops and Influence', 31 March 1964, MSS.Brit. Emp.s367,6/1, ‘The Threat to Aden', Rhodes House, Oxford.

127.
Trevaskis to Sandys, ‘The Threat to Our Position in Aden and the Measures Required to Counter it: Appendix III—The Need for Action to Rid
the Yemen of UAR Troops and Influence', 31 March 1964, MSS.Brit. Emp.s367,6/1, ‘The Threat to Aden', Rhodes House, Oxford.

128.
‘JIC Minutes', 25 March 1964, JIC(64)16th Meeting, CAB 159/40.

129.
Treverton, Gregory, ‘Covert action: forward to the past' in Johnson, Loch (ed.),
Strategic Intelligence Volume 3: Covert Action, Behind the Veils of Secret Foreign Policy
, Westport CT: Praeger Security International, 2007, p. 14.

130.
JIC Minutes', 25 March 1964, JIC(64)16th Meeting, CAB 159/40.

131.
Jones,
Britain and the Yemen Civil War
, p. 116; Amery to Thorneycroft, 9 September 1964, with a letter from Michael Webb to Amery (20 August 1964) enclosed, AMEJ 1/6/7, Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge.

132.
Trevaskis to Sandys, ‘The Threat to Our Position in Aden and the Measures Required to Counter it: Appendix VI—The Need for Action to Aid our Friends in Aden', 31 March 1964, MSS.Brit.Emp.s367,6/1, ‘The Threat to Aden', Rhodes House, Oxford.

133.
‘Developments in the Arabia Peninsula and their Implications for Aden', 17 March 1964, JIC(64)32, CAB 158/52.

134.
‘Federation of South Arabia: Note by the Colonial Office', Chiefs of Staff.1100/14/1/64, 14 January 1964, DEFE 11/422.

135.
Treverton, ‘Covert action: forward to the past', p. 14.

136.
‘Developments in the Arabian Peninsula and their Implications for Aden', 17 March 1964, JIC(64)32, CAB 158/52.

137.
Daugherty, ‘Covert action' p. 622.

138.
‘Developments in the Arabian Peninsula and their Implications for Aden', 17 March 1964, JIC(64)32, CAB 158/52.

139.
‘Developments in the Arabia Peninsula and their Implications for Aden', 17 March 1964, JIC(64)32, CAB158/52.

140.
Gandy, ‘A mission to Yemen', p. 257.

141.
Bower, Tom,
The Perfect English Spy: Sir Dick White and the Secret War 1935–90
, London: Mandarin, 1996, p. 248.

142.
Trevaskis to Sandys, 14 October 1963, MSS.Brit.Emp.s367,6/1, ‘The Threat to Aden', Rhodes House, Oxford; Kennedy Trevaskis, Diary Entry, 17 March 1964, p. 88, MSS.Brit.Emp.s546, Box2(B): Files 6–8, 1964 Diary.

143.
Mawby, ‘Clandestine defence of Empire', pp. 109–10.

144.
‘JIC Minutes', 6 December 1962, JIC(62)63rd Meeting, CAB 159/38; ‘JIC Minutes', 25th March 1964, JIC(64)16th Meeting, CAB 159/40.

145.
Gen.776/2nd Meeting, 31st October 1962, CAB130/189; See also, Aldrich, R.,
GCHQ: The Uncensored Story of Britain's Most Secret Intelligence Agency
, London: Harper Press, 2010, pp. 163–4.

146.
‘JIC Minutes', 6 December 1962, JIC(62)63rd Meeting, CAB 159/38.

147.
‘Developments in the Arabian Peninsula and their Implications for Aden', 17 March 1964, JIC(64)32, CAB 158/52.

148.
‘The Mercenary Problem', 19 April 1968, JIC(68)9, CAB158/69.

149.
‘JIC Minutes‘, 2 April 1964, JIC(64)17th Meeting, CAB 159/40.

150.
‘Weekly Intelligence Review as at 31st May 1963', 22/63, CO1035/6; ‘Weekly Intelligence Review as at 19th July 1963', 29/63, CO1035/61.

151.
Mawby,
British Policy in Aden
, p. 111.

152.
Jones,
Britain and the Yemen Civil War
, pp. 129, 137; Hart-Davis, Duff,
The War That Never Was: The True Story of the Men who Fought Britain's Most Secret Battle
, London: Century, 2011, pp. 49, 55, 62.

153.
Gen.776/2nd Meeting, 31st October 1962, CAB 130/189; Mawby, ‘The clandestine defence of Empire', pp. 117–8.

154.
Chief of the Defence Staff to Peter Thorneycroft, ‘Review of Measures Necessitated by the Situation in the Yemen', 12 December 1962, DEFE 13/398.

155.
Mawby, ‘The clandestine defence of empire', p. 118; Foreign Secretary to Prime Minister, ‘Yemen: Range of Possible Courses of Action Open to Us', attachment to ‘Yemen and the Federation of South Arabia', 21 April 1964, DEFE 25/129; ‘Federation of South Arabia: Counter Subversion Measures, Note by the Colonial Office', 14 January 1964, DEFE 11/422.

156.
Trotman, D., Brief for ‘Chiefs of Staff Meeting 14th January 1964: Subversion in Aden and the Federation', 14 January 1964, DEFE11/422; Note from Watkins (Chiefs of Staff Secretary) to Chief of the Imperial General Staff, 13 January 1964, DEFE11/422.

157.
‘The Threat to Aden', 3 January 1964, JIC(63)60, CAB158/50; ‘Chiefs of Staff Minutes', 7 January 1964, Chiefs of Staff(64)1st Meeting, DEFE11/422.

158.
‘Chiefs of Staff Minutes', 14 January 1964, Chiefs of Staff(64)3rd Meeting, DEFE11/422.

159.
‘Counter Subversion Committee Minutes', 10 January 1964, SV(64)1st Meeting, CAB134/2543.

160.
Note from the Prime Minister to the Foreign Secretary, 8 March 1964, PREM 11/4678.

161.
Handwritten note by the prime minister on foreign secretary to prime minister, 20 March 1964, ‘The Yemen and South Arabian Federation', PREM 11/4678; Foreign Secretary to Prime Minister, 20 March 1964, ‘The Yemen and South Arabian Federation', PREM 11/4678.

162.
Copy marked by William Luce (Acting Chief of the Defence Staff) of foreign secretary to prime minister, ‘Yemen: Range of Possible Courses of Action Open to Us', attachment to ‘Yemen and the Federation of South Arabia', 21 April 1964, DEFE 25/129.

163.
Scott, James and Rosati, Jerel, ‘“Such other functions and duties”: covert action and American intelligence policy', in Johnson, Loch (ed.),
Strategic
Intelligence Volume 3: Covert Action, Behind the Veils of Secret Foreign Policy
, Westport CT: Praeger Security International, 2007, p. 101; Daugherty, William, ‘Political action as a tool of statecraft', in Johnson, Loch (ed.),
Strategic Intelligence Volume 3: Covert Action, Behind the Veils of Secret Foreign Policy
, Westport CT: Praeger Security International, 2007, p. 120.

164.
‘Brief for Chairman JIC—29th October', 28 October 1964, CAB163/130.

165.
Hailliday, P., (Acting Secretary, JIC), ‘JIC Secretariat Establishment' 20 April 1966 CAB163/50; untitled note on recommendations for the organisation of the JIC secretariat by an unknown author, 20 August 1964 CAB163/50.

166.
Private information. See also, note from Gribbon, N., (MoD) to Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, 4 January 1967, DEFE11/525; Note from McIndoe, W., (Cabinet Office) to Burrows, ‘RANCOUR II', 26 March 1965, DEFE13/710; Note from Burrows to Rogers, P., (Cabinet Office), 18 August 1966, CAB164/130; Note from Hilton Poynton (Permanent Under-secretary of State, CO) to Burke Trend copied to Burrows, 15 October 1965, DEFE11/710; For more information on the specifics of the covert action see Dorril, S.,
MI6: 50 Years of Special Operations
, London: Fourth Estate, 2000, pp. 684–99; see scribbled markings in the margin of ‘South Arabian Action Group: Report by the Chairman and Deputy Chairman on their visit to South Arabia from 31st October to 12th November 1966', 14 December 1966, DEFE28/160.

167.
Davies,
Evolution of the U.K. intelligence community
, p. 52.

168.
See Hulnick, Arthur, ‘What's wrong with the intelligence cycle',
Intelligence and National Security
, 21/6, (2006), p. 978.

169.
Davies,
Evolution of the U.K. intelligence community
, pp. 52, 193. See also ‘Copy of minute by the Prime Minister, reference: Foreign Secretary's minute to the Prime Minister, 8.2.65. “RANCOUR”', 9 February 1965, DEFE13/710; Note from Michael Stewart (Foreign Secretary) to the Prime Minister, 7 April 1966, DEFE13/498; Note from R. Hastie-Smith (MoD) to M. Palliser (PM's Office), 19 July 1966 DEFE13/498; Note from Cumming-Bruce, A. (Private Secretary (CO) to Wright, O. (PM's Office), 14 April 1966 DEFE13/498.

170.
‘Aden and the Federation: Ministerial Meeting held at No. 10 Downing Street at 11.30 am on Wednesday, November 25, 1964: Annex A—Memorandum by the Joint Action Committee', DEFE13/404.

171.
Dorril,
MI6
, p. 689.

172.
Letter from Amery to Douglas-Home and attached note entitled ‘Note on the Aden/Yemen Problem', 7 May 1964, DSND 8/16, Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge. Although in this particular instance it appears
that Douglas-Home was not impressed with Amery's logic. He responded that ‘the best way to attract and keep public support is to do and be seen to be doing the right thing'. Douglas-Home to Amery, 8 May 1964, DSND 8/16, Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge.

173.
Trevaskis to Sandys, 13 December 1963, no. 452, DSND 8/5, Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge. See also Cormac, R., ‘Coordinating covert action: the case of the Yemen civil war and the South Arabian insurgency',
Journal of Strategic Studies
, first article, (April 2012) p. 8.

174.
Scott and Rosati, ‘Such other functions and duties', p. 101.

175.
Jones,
Britain and the Yemen Civil War
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176.
‘Aden and the Federation: Ministerial Meeting held at No. 10 Downing Street at 11.30 am on Wednesday, November 25, 1964: Annex A—Memorandum by the Joint Action Committee', DEFE 13/404.

177.
Jones,
Britain and the Yemen Civil War
, p. 98; ‘Supply of Arms to a Dissident Group in Taiz', Note from Butler to the Prime Minister, 11 September 1964, DEFE 13/570.

178.
‘Supply of Arms to a Dissident Group in Taiz', Note from Butler to the Prime Minister, 11 September 1964, DEFE 13/570; ‘Aden and the Federation: Ministerial Meeting held at No. 10 Downing Street at 11.30 am on Wednesday, November 25, 1964: Annex A—Memorandum by the Joint Action Committee', DEFE 13/404.

179.
Mawby, ‘The clandestine defence of empire', p. 124.

180.
‘Aden and the Federation: Ministerial Meeting held at No. 10 Downing Street at 11.30 am on Wednesday, November 25, 1964: Annex A—Memorandum by the Joint Action Committee', DEFE 13/404.

181.
Trevaskis to Sandys, 25 February 1964, MSS.Brit.Emp.s367,6/1, ‘The Threat to Aden', Rhodes House, Oxford.

182.
Note from the Prime Minister to the Foreign Secretary, 26 January 1967, DEFE13/571.

183.
‘Report to Ministers', 8 March 1967, OPDO(AS)(67)7, CAB148/78; See also ‘Report to Ministers: Note by the Chairman', 2 February 1967, OPDO(AS)(67)2, CAB148/78.

184.
Quoted in Mawby,
British Policy in Aden
, p. 141.

185.
Urban, Mark, ‘Inside story of the UK's secret mission to beat Gaddafi',
BBC News
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-16573516
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Stockwell, A.J., ‘Malaysia: The making of a neo-colony',
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2.
Hopkins, A.G., quoted in Smith, S., ‘The making of a neo-colony? Anglo-Kuwaiti relations in the era of decolonization',
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3.
Arthur, Geoffrey, quoted in Roger Louis, W., ‘The British withdrawal from the Gulf, 1967–71',
Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History
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4.
Jones, C. and Stone, J., ‘Britain and the Arabian Gulf: new perspectives on strategic influence',
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Louis, ‘The British withdrawal from the Gulf', p. 85.

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Kechichian, Joseph,
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7.
Hughes, Geraint, ‘A “model campaign” reappraised: the counter-insurgency war in Dhofar, Oman, 1965–1975',
Journal of Strategic Studies
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8.
Hughes, ‘A “model campaign” reappraised', p. 277; See also Jeapes, Tony,
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9.
Rabi, Uzi, ‘Britain's “special position” in the Gulf: Its origins, dynamics, and legacy',
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