Fundamentals of Midwifery: A Textbook for Students (70 page)

Effacement
The cervix softening, shortening and becoming thin.
Endorphin
Natural pain relieving chemicals.
Epidural anaesthesia
A local anaesthetic is injected into the epidural space, which suppresses sensation in the lower part of the body.
Episiotomy
A surgical incision to widen the vaginal orifice.
Ferguson reflex
Bio feedback mechanism, caused by an increase in oxytocin due to stimulation of the cervix and lower vagina, leading to increased uterine contractions.
Haemostasis
Process which stops haemorrhage.
Hormone
A chemical substance which is has a specific effect on particular cells or organs, they travel around the body to the target cells or organs.
Instrumental delivery
When the birth is assisted with the use of forceps or ventouse.
Latent phase
The time when the cervix is effacing in the presence of the hormone prostaglandin.