Legacy of Secrecy (170 page)

12.
“The FBI, COINTELPRO-White Hate and the Decline of Ku Klux Klan Organizations in Mississippi,

1964-1971,”
Mississippi Historical Review
.
13.
Ibid.
14.
Patsy Sims,
The Klan
(Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1996); Miami Police Intelligence interview with William Somersett, transcribed 11-26-63 and additional Miami police files; Dan Christensen, “JFK, King: The Dade County links,”
Miami

magazine, 12-76.
15.
Dick Russell,
The Man Who Knew Too Much
(New York: Carroll & Graf/R. Gallen, 1992), pp. 547, 548; Michael L. Kurtz,
The JFK Assassination Debate
s (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2006), pp. 209-215, 218, 219,
16.
Kevin M. Kruse,
White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of Modern
Conservatism
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005), p. 14; “The FBI, COINTELPRO-White Hate and the Decline of Ku Klux Klan Organizations in Mississippi, 1964-1971,”
Mississippi Historical Review
.

17.
“Wife of Negro Minister Shot to death in Atlanta,”
The
New York Times
, 1-30-67.
18.
That race was not as cut-and-dried as it seems. Though beaten in the general election by a moderate Republican who

didn’t quite get the required majority of the votes, Maddox had been installed in office by the conserva-

tive Georgia legislature.
19.
Kevin M. Kruse,
White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of Modern Conservatism
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005), many passages.
20.
While confirmation of that claim remains elusive, Eugene Talmadge’s use of the Klan to intimidate black voters and incite violence are well

documented in Stetson Kennedy’s,
The Klan Unmasked
(Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 1990).

21.
John Barnard,
American Vanguard: The United Auto Workers during the Reuther Years, 1935–1970
(Wayne State University Press, 2005).
22.
All information about Spake relating to Milteer and King’s assassination comes from confidential interviews conducted from early 1976 (when author Lamar Waldron was briefly

employed at the Lakewood General Motors Auto Plant) to 2007. For general background on Spake, see

this account by former Atlanta newspaper editor Doug Monroe: “An old friend passes on without the

balm of religion,”
Creative Loafing
, 1-11-06.
23.
Kevin M. Kruse,
White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of
Modern Conservatism
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005), p. 221.
24.
Confidential interviews 1976-2007.
25.
Ibid; Dan Christensen, “JFK, King: The Dade County links,”
Miami
magazine, 12-76.

CHAPTER FORTY

1.
William Bradford Huie,
He Slew the Dreamer
(New York: Delacorte Press, 1970), p. 14.
2.
Martin Luther
King / The FBI File
; Micheal Friedley and David Gallen, p. 22, cited by Larry Hancock and Stuart Wexler,

Seeking Armageddon: Religious Terrorism in the 1960s and the effort to kill Martin Luther King
, (advance manuscript, 2008).
3.
HSCA King vol. VII, p. 297.
4.
“The FBI, COINTELPRO-White Hate and the Decline of Ku Klux Klan Organizations in Mississippi, 1964-1971,”
Mississippi Historical Review
.
5.
HSCA King vol.

VII, pp. 251, 270-292; the individual was acting on his own behalf, not that of the business organization.

6.
HSCA King vol. VII, pp. 250-251, 297, 302.
7.
Ibid, p249; US House of Representatives,
The Final Assas-

Notes

815

sinations Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations
(New York: Bantam Books, 1979), p. 474.
8.
HSCA King vol. VII, pp. 249-251.
9.
US House of Representatives,
The Final Assassinations Report of the Select
Committee on Assassinations
(New York: Bantam Books, 1979), pp. 472, 480; Gerald Posner,
Killing the
Dream
(New York: Random House, 1998), p. 139; Philip H. Melanson,
The Murkin Conspiracy
(New York: Praeger, 1989), p. 15; HSCA King vol. VII, p. 293.
10.
HSCA King vol. VII, pp. 250, 295.
11.
Ibid, p. 250-251; US House of Representatives,
The Final Assassinations Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations
(New York: Bantam Books, 1979), p. 475.
12.
Ibid.
13.
Ibid.
14.
HSCA King vol. VII, pp. 249, 250; US House of Representatives,
The Final Assassinations Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations
(New York: Bantam Books, 1979), pp. 472, 475.
15.
FBI St. Louis SAC memo to J. Edgar Hoover, 8-12-68; Memphis FBI memo, 8-27-68; FBI Director memo to SAC Memphis, 8-21-68.
16.
Ibid.
17.
Ibid.
18.
Ibid.
19.
Ibid.
20.
Ibid.
21.
Ibid.

22.
Ibid.
23.
Ibid.
24.
Ibid.
25.
Ibid; regarding Atlanta nightclub owner linked to Marcello, see Atlanta Field Office Files 11-63 and 12-63.
26.
Philip H. Melanson,
The Murkin Conspiracy
(New York: Praeger, 1989), p. 165; FBI St. Louis SAC memo to J. Edgar Hoover, 8-12-68; Memphis FBI memo, 8-27-68; FBI Director

memo to SAC Memphis, 8-21-68.
27.
Jack Nelson,
Terror in the Night
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993), p. 64; Taylor Branch,
At Canaan’s Edge: America in the King Years 1965-68
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), p. 647.
28.
Ibid Nelson, many passages.
29.
Larry Hancock and Stuart Wexler,
Seeking Armageddon:
Religious Terrorism in the 1960s and the effort to kill Martin Luther King
, (Advance manuscript, 2008) cites
Martin Luther King / The FBI File
; Micheal Friedley and David Gallen, pp.512-514; phone interview with Larry Hancock, 5-22-08.
30.
NARA U.S. Secret Service 180-10091-10217, cited by John McAdams.
31.

Eileen Sullivan, “New Material filed in on-going lawsuit alleging racism in the Secret Service,” Associated

Press, 5-9-08; Rebecca Carr, “Noose allegedly found at Secret Service Training Center,” Cox Newspapers,

4-28-08.
32.
HSCA vol. VI, pp. 101-127.
33.
Ibid.
34.
Miami Police Intelligence interview with William Somersett, transcribed on 11-26-63 and additional Miami Police files; phone interview with confidential

high Florida law-enforcement source 12-10-96.
35.
Kevin M. Kruse,
White Flight: Atlanta and the Making of
Modern Conservatism
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005), many passages.
36.
HSCA Report, pp. 394-395.
37.
Ibid.
38.
Ibid;
Washington Star,
7-31-78.
39.
Michael L. Kurtz,
The JFK Assassination Debate
s (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2006), pp. 218, 219.

CHAPTER FORTY-ONE

1.
Justice Department memo 9-17-68, cited in 11-5-68 Memphis FBI memo.
2.
Ibid; FBI 124-10301-10270; the October 1967 FBI file refers to him only as “Frank Caracci,” but by 1-24-69, the FBI is using his full

name “Frank Joseph Caracci.”
3.
David E. Scheim,
The Mafia Killed President Kennedy
(New York: SPI Books, 1992), pp. 123, 278, 284, 286.
4.
Justice Department memo 9-17-68, cited in 11-5-68 Memphis FBI memo.
5.
William F. Pepper,
Orders to Kill
(New York: Carroll & Graf, 1995), pp. 239, 249, 487.
6.
Justice Department memo 9-17-68, cited in 11-5-68 Memphis FBI memo.
7.
Justice Department Investigation of

Recent Allegations Regarding the Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., 6-00.
8.
HSCA vol. IX, pp.

70, 71.
9.
HSCA Report, p. 383.
10.
John H. Davis,
Mafia Kingfish
(New York: Signet, 1989), many passages; letter from Informant to Carl Podsiadly, FBI, San Francisco office, 6-88.
11.
Ibid Davis, pp. 375-377; James Dickerson,
Dixie’s Dirty Secret
(Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharp, 1998), p. 39.
12.
FBI 124-10200-10264; Justice Department Investigation of Recent Allegations Regarding the Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King,

Jr., 6-00; William F. Pepper,
Act of State
(New York: Verso, 2003), pp. 46, 48-50, 134, 231; John H. Davis,
Mafia Kingfish
(New York: Signet, 1989), pp. 378-380.
13.
James Dickerson,
Dixie’s Dirty Secret
(Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharp, 1998), pp. 6, 7, 14, 25.
14.
FBI 124-10200-10264; Justice Department Investigation of Recent Allegations Regarding the Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., 6-00; William F. Pepper,
Act of State
(New York: Verso, 2003), pp. 46, 48-50, 134, 231; John H. Davis,
Mafia Kingfish
(New York: Signet, 1989), pp. 378-380; FBI memo Rosen to DeLoach, 4-22-68 (part of the large file, with no identification number

or RIF, titled “Department of Justice, Civil Rights Referrals, Attachment D).
15.
James Dickerson,
Dixie’s
Dirty Secret
(Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharp, 1998), pp. 16-33, 39, 119-120.
16.
Ibid, pp. 134-137; FBI file #62-108052-12 (Coretta Scott King); Larry Hancock and Stuart Wexler,
Seeking Armageddon: Religious Terrorism
in the 1960s and the effort to kill Martin Luther King,
(advance manuscript, 2008).
17.
William Bradford Huie,
He Slew the Dreamer
(New York: Delacorte Press, 1970), p. 203.

CHAPTER FORTY-TWO

1.
Ray McGovern, “CIA Officer on the Agency’s Days of Shame,”
CounterPunch
, 2- 13-03; Alfred W.

McCoy,
The Politics of Heroin
(Brooklyn: Lawrence Hill Books, 1991), many passages.
2.
Verne Lyon,

“Domestic Surveillance: The History of Operation CHAOS,”
Covert Action Information Bulletin
, Summer

1990; Gaeton Fonzi,
The Last Investigation
(New York: Thunder’s Mouth, 1994), p. 426.
3.
Tom Tripodi,
Crusade: Undercover Against the Mafia and KGB
(Washington, DC: Brassey’s, 1993), pp. 146-148.
4.
Tampa FBI 6-30-65 memo re: JURE; David Raziq and Mark Greenblatt “Inside the FBI’s Secret Files on Coretta

816

LEGACY OF SECRECY

Scott King,” 8-30-07, KHOU-TV, Houston; FBI file #62-108052-12; Larry Hancock and Stuart Wexler,
Seek-

ing Armageddon: Religious Terrorism in the 1960s and the effort to kill Martin Luther King
(advance manuscript, 2008).
5.
Richard Goodwin,
Remembering America: A Voice from the Sixties
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1988), pp.

205, 206.
6.
For Che Guevara, see generally: Hugh Thomas,
Cuba: Or, Pursuit of Freedom
(London: Eyre

& Spottiswoode, 191); Daniel James,
Che Guevara: A Biography
(New York: Stein and Day, 1969); Jorge G.

Castaneda,
Companero: The Life and Death of Che Guevara
(New York: Vintage, 1998).
7.
Ibid James, pp. 284, 285.
8.
Ibid, p. 301.
9.
Jorge G. Castaneda,
Companero: The Life and Death of Che Guevara
, (New York: Vintage, 1998), p. 386.
10.
Felix Rodriquez and John Weisman,
Shadow Warrior,
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989), p. 171; this “Eduardo” does not appear to have been E. Howard Hunt.
11.
Jorge G. Castaneda,
Companero:
The Life and Death of Che Guevara
, (New York: Vintage, 1998), pp. 399, 404; Richard Goodwin,
Remembering America: A Voice from the Sixties
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1988), p. 207.
12.
Felix Rodriquez and John Weisman,
Shadow Warrior,
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989), pp. 165-169.
13.
Ann Louise Bardach, “E.

Howard Hunt talks about Guatemala, the Bay of Pigs, and what really happened to Che,” Slate.com, 10-

6-04.
14.
Gaeton Fonzi,
The Last Investigation
(New York: Thunder’s Mouth, 1994), pp. 309, 373, 376, 387, 389; Larry Hancock,
Someone Would Have Talked
(Southlake, TX: JFK Lancer, 2006), p. 418; Noel Twyman,
Bloody Treason
(Rancho Sante Fe, CA: Laurel Publishing, 1997), p. 466.
15.
Jorge G. Castaneda,
Companero:
The Life and Death of Che Guevara
, (New York: New York: Vintage, 1998), pp. 387, 404.

CHAPTER FORTY-THREE

1.
HSCA King vol. VII, pp. 355, 359.
2.
Ibid, vol. III, pp. 184-187.
3.
Ibid, pp. 189, 190.
4.
HSCA vol. VII, pp. 453-456.
5.
Ibid, p. 453.
6.
Ibid, pp. 347-376.
7.
Ibid, pp. 453-456.
8.
Ibid.
9.
HSCA King vol. III, pp.

204, 205.
10.
Richard Helms with William Hood,
A Look Over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence
Agency
(New York: Random House, 2003), p. 12.
11.
Miami Herald,
9-2-73; 1993.07.02.11:49:06:400800.

12.
Peter Dale Scott,
Deep Politics II
(Ipswich, MA: Mary Ferrell Foundation Press, 2003), pp. 117, 118, 135.

13.
HSCA vol. III, pp. 191-193.
14.
Ibid; HSCA vol. VII, pp. 347-376.
15.
G. Robert Blakey and Richard N. Billings,
The Plot to Kill the President
(New York: Times Books, 1981), p. 385.
16.
CIA 104-10133-10078.

17.
Ibid; CIA 104-10122-10293; CIA 104-10122-10306.
18.
Evan Thomas,
Robert Kennedy: His Life
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), p. 351; Taylor Branch,
At Canaan’s Edge: America in the King Years 1965-68
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), p. 657.
19.
Ibid.
20.
Ibid.
21.
The New York Times
, 12-6-67.