Liars and Outliers (49 page)

Laurel Thatcher Ulrich
Laurel T. Ulrich (2007),
Well-Behaved Women Seldom Make History,
Alfred A. Knopf.

Socrates's morals
Plato (360 BCE),
Crito,
tr. Benjamin Jowett, MIT Classics Archive. Plato (360 BCE),
Phaedo
, tr. Benjamin Jowett, MIT Classics Archive. Anthony D'Amato (1976), “Obligation to Obey the Law: A Study of the Death of Socrates,”
California Law Review
, 49:1079–1108.

Misunderstanding the defector
Bruce Schneier (2003),
Beyond Fear: Thinking Sensibly About Security in an Uncertain World
, Copernicus Books, Chapter 5.

there's no guarantee
Laurie P. Cohen (29 Nov 2004), “Split Decisions: Federal Cases Show Big Gap in Reward For Cooperation,”
Wall Street Journal.

“Stop Snitching” campaign
Rick Hampson (28 Mar 2006), “Anti-Snitch Campaign Riles Police, Prosecutors,”
USA Today
. Rick Frei (2010), “Witness Intimidation and the Snitching Project,” written testimony submitted to the Subcommittee on Drugs and Crime, U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary.

Con artists try
David Maurer (1940),
The Big Con: The Story of the Confidence Man
, Bobbs Merrill.

Fake anti-virus software
Brian Krebs (3 Aug 2011), “Fake Antivirus Industry Down, But Not Out,”
Krebs on Security.

Internet money laundering
Mitchell Zuckoff (15 May 2005), “Annals of Crime: The Perfect Mark,”
The New Yorker,
36–42.

doctrine of necessity
Leslie Wolf-Phillips (1979), “Constitutional Legitimacy: A Study of the Doctrine of Necessity.”
Third World Quarterly
, 1:99–133.

competing interests
H.E. Mason, ed. (1996),
Moral Dilemmas and Moral Theory,
Oxford University Press.

publicly confessed
Sean O'Callaghan (27 Jan 1997), “The Lying: A Former Terrorist Describes His Life in the IRA,”
National Review.

Defecting from the IRA
Sean O'Callaghan (1999),
The Informer: The Real Life Story of One Man's War Against Terrorism
, Corgi.

Ulysses S. Grant
Louis A. Coolidge (1917),
Ulysses S. Grant,
Houghton Mifflin. Lawrence M. Salinger (2005),
Encyclopedia of White-Collar & Corporate Crime
, Sage Publications.

interlocking directorate
Mark S. Mizruchi (1996), “What Do Interlocks Do? An Analysis, Critique, and Assessment of Research on Interlocking Directorates,”
Annual Review of Sociology
, 22:271–98.

Larry Froistad confessed
Debra J. Saunders (10 May 1998), “Spilled Milk,”
San Francisco Chronicle.
Lisa DiCarlo (11 May 1998), “Murder, She Read,”
New York Magazine.

Police solidarity
Jerome H. Skolnick (2002), “Corruption and the Blue Code of Silence,”
Police Practice & Research
, 3:7–19. Louise Westmarland (2005), “Police Ethics and Integrity: Breaking the Blue Code of Silence,”
Policing & Society
, 15:145–65. Gary R. Rothwell and J. Norman Baldwin, “Whistle-Blowing and the Code of Conduct in Police Agencies,”
Crime & Delinquency
, 53:8–10. Barry Wright (2010), “Civilianising the ‘Blue Code'? An Examination of Attitudes to Misconduct in the Police Extended Family,”
International Journal of Police Science & Management
, 12:339–56.

policeman beating
Jayme Poisson (10 Jun 2011), “Cop Unmasked: Meet Const. Glenn Weddell, the Officer ID'd in G20 Assault,”
The Toronto Star
.

Chapter 12

Carol Braun was
Jed Block (2004),
Betrayal
, Goodwill Industries of North Central Wisconsin, Inc.

principal–agent problem
Kathleen M. Eisenhardt (1989), “Agency Theory: An Assessment and Review,”
The Academy of Management Review,
14:57–74. John M. Darley (2010), “Constructive and Destructive Obedience: A Taxonomy of Principal-Agent Relationships,”
Journal of Social Issues,
41:124–54.

corporate looting
George A. Akerlof, Paul M. Romer, Robert E. Hall, and N. Gregory Mankiw (1993), “Looting: The Economic Underworld of Bankruptcy for Profit,”
Brookings Papers on Economic Activity,
1993(2): 1–73.

Sambo's restaurants
Charles Bernstein (1984),
Sambo's: Only a Fraction of the Action: The Inside Story of a Restaurant Empire's Rise and Fall
, National Literary Guild.

moral considerations
James A. Waters (1978), “Catch 205: Corporate Morality as an Organizational Phenomenon,”
Organizational Dynamics,
6:3–19. James Weber (1990), “Managers' Moral Reasoning: Assessing Their Responses to Three Moral Dilemmas,”
Human Relations,
43:687–702. Thomas M. Jones and Lori Verstegen Ryan (1998), “The Effect of Organizational Forces on Individual Morality: Judgment, Moral Approbation, and Behavior,”
Business Ethics Quarterly,
8:431–45. J. Stuart Bunderson (2001), “Normal Injustices and Morality in Complex Organizations,”
Journal of Business Ethics,
33:181–90. Linda K. Treviño, Gary R. Weaver, and Scott J. Reynolds (2006), “Behavioral Ethics in Organizations: A Review,”
Journal of Management,
32:951–90. Nicole Andreoli and Joel Lefkowitz (2009), “Individual and Organizational Antecedents of Misconduct in Organizations,”
Journal of Business Ethics,
85:309–32. William Carbonaro and Jessica L. Collett (2010), “Pushing the Man: Moral Judgments in Group Settings,” Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, California.

many reasons for this
James Weber (1990), “Managers' Moral Reasoning: Assessing Their Responses to Three Moral Dilemmas,”
Human Relations,
43:687–702. Maurice Punch (2000), “Suite Violence: Why Managers Murder and Corporations Kill,”
Crime, Law & Social Change,
33:243–80. Yoav Vardi (2001), “The Effects of Organizational and Ethical Climates on Misconduct at Work,”
Journal of Business Ethics,
29:325–37.

Beech-Nut Corporation
Leonard Buder (14 Nov 1987), “Beech-Nut is Fined $2 Million for Sale of Fake Apple Juice,”
New York Times.
James Traub (24 Jul 1988), “Into the Mouths of Babes,”
New York Times Magazine.

being victimized
BishopAccountability.org (2011), “What Percent of Priests Were Accused?”

actual number of victims
BishopAccountability.org (2011), “Data on the Crisis: The Human Toll.” BishopAccountability.org (2011), “A Documentary History of the Crisis.”

retained accused priests
Brooks Egerton and Reese Dunklin (12 Jun 2002), “Two-Thirds of Bishops Let Accused Priests Work,”
Dallas Morning News
.

Vatican's exhortations
Office of the Holy See (1962), “Instruction on the Manner of Proceeding in Cases of Solicitation: The Decree Crimen Sollicitationis,” Vatican Press. Catholics for a Free Choice (2002), “The Holy See and the Convention on the Rights of the Child: A Shadow Report,” Catholics for a Free Choice. Antony Barnett (17 Aug 2003), “Vatican Told Bishops to Cover Up Sex Abuse: Expulsion Threat in Secret Documents,”
The Guardian
. Associated Press (18 Jan 2011), “Vatican Letter Told Ireland's Catholic Bishops Not to Report Child Abuse,”
The Guardian
.

forced the victims
Richard Nangle (1 Apr 2002), “Deal Mandated Silence: Accuser Not Allowed to Discuss Abuse Allegations,”
Worcester Telegraph & Gazette
. Stephen Gillers (2002), “Speak No Evil: Settlement Agreements Conditioned on Noncooperation Are Illegal and Unethical,”
Hofstra Law Review,
31:1–22.

top WorldCom executives
Susan Pulliam and Deborah Soloman (8 Nov 2008), “How Three Unlikely Sleuths Exposed Fraud at WorldCom: Firm's Own Employees Sniffed Out Cryptic Clues and Followed Hunches,”
Wall Street Journal
. Amanda Ripley (30 Dec 2002), “Cynthia Cooper: The Night Detective,”
Time
. WorldCom (2003), “Report of Investigation by the Special Investigative Committee of the Board of Directors of WorldCom, Inc.” Cynthia Cooper (2008),
Extraordinary Circumstances: The Journey of a Corporate Whistleblower
, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

corporate board members
Peter J. Henning (2009), “Board Dysfunction: Dealing with the Threat of Corporate Criminal Liability,” Wayne State University Law School Legal Studies Research Paper.

analyst Thomas Drake
Jane Mayer (23 May 2011), “The Secret Sharer: Is Thomas Drake an Enemy of the State?”
The New Yorker.
Glenn Greenwald (30 Jul 2011), “Obama's Whistleblower War Suffers Two Defeats,”
Salon.
Thomas Drake and Jessalyn Radack (1 Aug 2011), “A Surprising War on Leaks Under Obama,”
Philadelphia Inquirer.

1962 Vatican Instruction
Office of the Holy See (1962), “Instruction on the Manner of Proceeding in Cases of Solicitation: The Decree Crimen Sollicitationis,” Vatican Press.

drug was ineffective
Adrian Viens and Julian Savulescu (2004), “The Olivieri Symposium: Introduction to The Olivieri Symposium,”
Journal of Medical Ethics,
30:1–7. Rosamond Rhodes and J.J. Strain (2004), “The Olivieri Symposium: Whistleblowing in Academic Medicine,”
Journal of Medical Ethics,
30:35–9. Thomas Faunce, Steve Bolsin, and Wei-Ping Chan (2004), “The Olivieri Symposium: Supporting Whistleblowers in Academic Medicine: Training and Respecting the Courage of Professional Conscience,”
Journal of Medical Ethics,
30:40–3.

exposed misconduct
Jaime Adame (2 Jun 2004), “Police Whistleblowers,”
Gotham Gazette.

military pilots defected
John Hooper and Ian Black (21 Feb 2011), “Libya Defectors: Pilots Told to Bomb Protesters Flee to Malta,”
The Guardian
.

U.S.'s use of torture
Ian Fishback (28 Sep 2005), “A Matter of Honor,”
Washington Post.

Deepwater Horizon
Joe Nocera (18 Jun 2010), “BP Ignored the Omens of Disaster,”
New York Times.

employees of BP
National Commission on the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling (2011),
Deep Water: The Gulf Oil Disaster and the Future of Offshore Drilling, Final Report
, Government Printing Office. National Commission on the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling (2011),
Macondo: The Gulf Oil Disaster, Chief Counsel's Report
, Government Printing Office.

The “Big Dig,”
Andrea Estes (24 Jan 2008), “Big Dig Settlement Will Take Quick Hit,”
Boston Globe.
Jonathan Saltzman (15 Nov 2008), “Companies to Settle for $26m in Tunnel Collapse,”
Boston Globe.
Gregory W. Sullivan (2005), “A Big Dig Cost Recovery Referral: Waterproofing Mismanagement by Bechtel/Parsons Brinckerhoff in East Boston,” Office of the Inspector General, Commonwealth of Massachusetts. David W. Fowler (2010), “The Big Dig: Lessons in Engineering and Ethics,” CAEE Annual Alumni Ethics Seminar, Austin, Texas.

conflict between the
Gregory M. Hebb (2002), “Conflict of Interest in Commercial Bank Equity Underwriting,”
Financial Review,
37:185–205. Dan R. Dalton, S. Trevis Certo, and Catherine M. Daily (2003), “Initial Public Offerings as a Web of Conflicts of Interest: An Empirical Assessment,”
Business Ethics Quarterly,
13:289–314. Lily Fang and Ayako Asuda (2009), “The Effectiveness of Reputation as a Disciplinary Mechanism in Sell-Side Research,”
Review of Financial Studies,
22:3735–77.

A full discussion
Erik Sirri (2004), “Investment Banks, Scope, and Unavoidable Conflicts of Interest,”
Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review,
Fourth Quarter 2004. Frederick S. Mishkin (2005), “Conflicts of Interest in the Financial Industry,” in
The Economics of Money, Banking and Financial Markets, Alternate Edition,
Pearson Education. Frederick S. Mishkin (2005), “Policy Remedies for Conflicts of Interest in the Financial System,” Bank of Canada. Cheolwoo Lee (2008), “Analyst Firm Parent-Subsidiary Relationship and Conflict of Interest: Evidence from IPO Recommendations,” 2008 Financial Management Association Annual Meeting. Roni Michaely and Kent L. Womack (1999), “Conflict of Interest and the Credibility of Underwriter Analyst Recommendations,”
Review of Financial Studies,
12:653–86. Hamid Mehran and Rene M. Stulz (2007), “The Economics of Conflicts of Interest in Financial Institutions,”
Journal of Financial Economics,
85 (2007): 267–96.

Chapter 13

result is price-fixing
Robert Schuettinger and Eamonn F. Butler (1979),
Forty Centuries of Wage and Price Controls: How Not to Fight Inflation,
The Heritage Institute.

Adam Smith
Adam Smith (1776),
The Wealth of Nations
.

global citric acid cartel
John M. Connor (1998), “The Global Citric Acid Conspiracy,”
Agribusiness,
14:435–52.

computer-memory cartel
U.S. Department of Justice (5 Oct 2005), “Samsung Agrees to Plead Guilty and to Pay $300 Million Criminal Fine for Role in Price Fixing Conspiracy: Korean Company Pays Second Largest Criminal Antitrust Fine in U.S. History,” press release.