Living Silence in Burma (57 page)

8–
8
–
88
protests,
50
,
51

88 Generation Students Group,
96
,
97
,
101
,
103
,
105

a-nyeint
,
221

agriculture,
28
,
100
,
118
; biofuel,
100

ah nah
,
134
,
135

aid,
108
,
109
,
110
,
151
,
265
,
266
,
267

All Burma Federation of Students’ Unions (ABFSU),
49

All Burma Monks’ Alliance (ABMA),
102
,
103
,
236

All Burma Students’ Democratic Front (ABSDF),
64

Allott, Anna,
Inked Over, Ripped Out
,
210

American Center,
208

Amnesty International,
146
,
147
,
174

Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League (AFPFL),
16
,
17
,
18
; Clean AFPFL,
22
, Stable AFPFL,
22
,
23

Arakan League for Democracy,
66

Aris, Michael,
56
,
90

art,
221
,
222
,
223
,
224

Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (AAPP),
174

Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN),
254
,
255
; Inter-Parliamentary Myanmar Caucus,
255

astrology,
37
,
242
,
243
,
244
,
245

Aung Gyi,
22
,
24
,
49
,
57

Aung Myat,
114

Aung San,
14
,
16
,
17
,
24
,
37
–
8
; assassination of,
18
; ‘Burma and Buddhism’,
273

Aung San Suu Kyi,
56
,
57
,
60
,
61
,
62
,
63
,
64
,
78
,
79
,
80
,
81
,
82
,
83
,
90
,
93
,
103
,
165
,
166
,
274
; and media,
262
; and U Vinaya,
234
,
235
; house arrest,
63
,
78
,
93
,
94
,
111
; ‘Letters from Burma’,
255
; Nobel Peace Prize,
73

Aung Thinn,
211

Aung Way,
103
,
106

Aung Zeya,
42

Aung Zin,
198
,
203

Australia,
257

Aye Win,
34

Ba Maw,
24

Ban Ki-moon,
108

Bangladesh,
252

Bar Council,
55

Bo Aung Gyaw Street Agreement No. 1,
91

Bo Let Ya,
25

Bo Yan Naing,
57

Bogyoke
government,
23

Bohmu Aung,
90

British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC),
50
,
206
,
207

British Council,
208

British Empire,
12
; opposition to,
13
,
14
,
15

Buddhism,
11
,
13
,
14
,
21
,
23
,
24
,
36
,
62
,
230
,
231
,
236
,
241
,
272
,
273

Burma Campaign (UK),
257

Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP),
29
,
33
,
34
,
35

Burmese Jail Manual,
186

‘Burmese Way to Socialism’,
27

Canada,
257

censorship,
209
,
210
,
213
,
214
,
215
,
216
,
217
,
218
,
219
,
220
,
221

Chin people,
31
,
34

China,
19
,
30
,
43
,
247
,
248
,
249
,
250
,
260

Cho Zin,
145

Christianity,
12
,
236
,
237
,
238
,
239

civilian violence,
52
–
3

Committee Representing the People’s Parliament (CRPP),
89
,
91

Communist Party: Red Flag branch,
18
; White Flag branch,
18

Communist Party of Burma (CPB),
18
,
42
,
43
,
44
,
59
,
63
,
72

constitution,
15
,
17
,
18
,
22
,
31
,
32
,
66
,
75
,
76
,
94
; 2008 constitution,
106
,
107
,
110
,
111
; and ethnic minorities,
107

corruption,
119
,
156
,
157
,
158
,
195
,
196

coups d’etat: in 1958,
22
; in 1962,
24
; in 1988,
58
; plot (1976),
41
,
42

crime, campaign against,
30

Cyclone Nargis,
107
,
108
,
109
,
110
,
137
; voluntary relief,
109
,
110
,
151

Daniel Aung,
75
,
76
,
77

Daw Mi Mi,
35

Decree 5/96, ‘The Protection of the Stable, Peaceful, and Systematic Transfer of State Responsibility…’,
172
–
3

Democratic Alliance of Burma,
72

Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA),
146
,
251

Democratic Party for a New Society,
61
,
64

Democratic Students’ Organization,
20

Democratic Voice of Burma (DVB),
206
,
207

Depayin Massacre,
94

Directorate of Defense Services Intelligence,
168

Dobama Asiayone (We Burmans Association),
14

drug trade,
44
,
72
,
163
,
164
,
248
,
253

economy,
30
,
86
,
98
,
99
,
100
; demonetization,
46
; foreign investment,
67
,
71
; migrant workers,
101
; nationalization,
27
,
28

education,
29
,
41
,
86
,
114
,
115
,
116
,
121
,
189
,
190
,
191
,
196
,
197
,
199
,
200
; and ethnic minorities,
148
,
193
,
194
; corruption in,
195
,
196
; military education,
155
,
156
,
200
; monastery schools,
189
; private tuition,
196
,
200
,
201
; teacher training,
192
; teaching English,
190
,
191

election (1990),
65
,
66

ethnic minorities,
9
,
17
,
18
,
22
,
24
,
31
,
34
,
45
,
54
,
61
,
92
; and constitution,
107
; and National Convention,
75
,
56
,
77
,
95
; and religion,
237
,
238
,
241
; Burmanization of,
148
,
241
; forced relocation of,
145
,
146
,
148
; native languages,
193
,
194

ethnic nationalist armies,
43
,
44
,
58
,
87
,
90
,
91
,
147
; ceasefires,
72
,
147

Euro-Burma Network,
264

European Union (EU),
254
,
255
,
257

families,
114
,
115
,
116
,
119
,
120
,
126
,
127
,
129
,
133
; ethnic minority families,
131
,
132
; military families,
117
,
127
,
128
,
129
,
157
,
167
; split families,
129
,
131

film-makers,
213
,
214
,
215

forced labour,
143
,
144
,
145
,
261

foreign policy,
19
,
21
,
250
,
251
,
252
,
253
,
256

Four Cuts,
45
,
145

Free Burma Coalition,
83
,
263

Free Funeral Services Society,
224

fuel price protests,
101
,
102

Gambari, Ibrahim,
111
,
260
,
262

General Council of Burmese Associations (GCBA),
13

government-organized non-governmental organizations (GONGOs),
149
,
150

Havel, Vaclav,
140
; ‘The power of the powerless’,
81
; with Desmond Tutu,
Threat to the Peace
,
260

hijackings,
263

Hkun Htun Oo,
95
,
173

Htay Kywe,
96

Htein Lin,
224

Htun Htun,
201

Htway Win,
139

Human Rights Defenders and Promoters,
97

Independence,
16
,
17
,
18

India,
249
,
250

Indonesia,
254

informers,
138
,
139

infrastructure projects,
72
,
143
; for transport,
98
–
9

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC),
186
,
261

International Labour Organization (ILO),
144
,
260
–
1

Internet,
208

Islam,
239
,
241
; violence against Muslims,
240

Ismail, Razali,
93
,
260

Japan,
16
,
78
,
255
,
256

journalists
see
writers

judicial system,
35
,
172
; corruption in,
35
–
6
,
35

Kachin Independence Organization (KIO),
44
,
72

Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA),
146

Karen National Union (KNU),
44
,
251
; Education Department,
194

Karen people,
17
,
19
,
33

Karen Women’s Organization,
152

Karenni State Nationalities People’s Liberation Front (KNPLF),
44

Kenji Nagai,
104

Khaing Aung Soe,
164
,
165

Khin Khin Yi,
140
,
141

Khin Nyunt,
74
,
87
,
95
,
96
,
168
,
169
; and U Vinaya,
234

Khun Sa,
72
,
163
,
164

Ko Doe,
52
,
53

Ko Ko Gyi,
96

Korea, North,
256
; South,
256