Authors: Chris Stringer
Soffer, O. “Ancestral lifeways in Eurasiaâthe Middle and Upper Paleolithic records.” In M. H. Nitecki and D. V. Nitecki, eds.,
Origins of Anatomically Modern Humans
, pp. 101â19. Plenum Press, New York, 1994.
Stringer, C. B. “Coasting out of Africa.”
Nature
405 (2000), 24â27.
_____
. “Reconstructing recent human evolution.”
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London (B)
337 (1992), 217â24.
Svoboda, J. “The Upper Paleolithic burial sites at P
Å
edmostÃ: Ritual and taphonomy.”
Journal of Human Evolution
54 (2008), 15â33.
Texier, J.-P., G. Porraz, J. Parkington, J.-P. Rigaud, C. Poggenpoel, C. Miller, C. Tribolo, C. Cartwright, A. Coudenneau, R. Klein, T. Steele and C. Verna. “A Howiesons Poort tradition of engraving ostrich eggshell containers dated to 60,000 years ago at Diepkloof Rock Shelter, South Africa.”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA
107 (2010), 7621â22 (doi: 10.1073/pnas.0913047107).
Tierney, J. E., J. M. Russell, Y. S. Huang and A. S. Cohen. “Northern Hemisphere controls on tropical Southeast African climate during the last 60,000 years.”
Science
322 (2008), 252â55.
Trinkaus, E., and J. Svoboda, eds.
Early Modern Human Evolution in Central Europe: The People of Dolnà V
Ä
stonice and Pavlov
. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006.
Utrilla, P., C. Mazo, M. C. Sopena, M. MartÃnez-Bea and R. Domingo. “A Palaeolithic map from 13,660 calBP: Engraved stone blocks from the Late Magdalenian in Abauntz Cave (Navarra, Spain).”
Journal of Human Evolution
57(2) (2009), 99â111.
Verschuren, D., and J. M. Russell. “Paleolimnology of African lakes: Beyond the exploration phase.”
PAGES News
17(3) (2009), 112â14.
Watts, I. “Ochre in the Middle Stone Age of southern Africa: Ritualised display or hide preservative?”
South African Archaeological Bulletin
57 (2002), 1â14.
_____
. “Red ochre, body painting and language: Interpreting the Blombos ochre.” In R. Botha and C. Knight, eds.,
The Cradle of Language
, pp. 62â92. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2009.
Weaver, T., C. Roseman and C. Stringer. “Were Neandertal and modern human cranial differences produced by natural selection or genetic drift?”
Journal of Human Evolution
53 (2007), 135â45.
White, T. D., B. Asfaw, D. Degusta, W. H. Gilbert, G. D. Richards, G. Suwa and F. C. Howell. “Pleistocene
Homo sapiens
from Middle Awash, Ethiopia.”
Nature
423 (2003), 742â47.
Wynn, T. “Archaeology and cognitive evolution.”
Behavioral and Brain Sciences
25 (2002), 389â438.
Wynn, T., and F. L. Coolidge. “Beyond symbolism and language.”
Current Anthropology
51 (2010), 5â16.
_____
. “Did a small but significant enhancement in working memory capacity power the evolution of modern thinking?” In P. Mellars, K. Boyle, O. Bar-Yosef and C. Stringer, eds.,
Rethinking the Human Revolution
, pp. 79â90. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, 2007.
_____
, eds. “Working memory: Beyond language and symbolism.”
Current Anthropology
51, supplement 1 (2010).
9. The Past and Future Evolution of Our Species
Ackermann, R. R. “Phenotypic traits of primate hybrids: Recognizing admixture in the fossil record.”
Evolutionary Anthropology
19(6) (2010), 258â70.
Allsworth-Jones, P., K. Harvati and C. Stringer. “The archaeological context of the Iwo Eleru cranium from Nigeria, and preliminary results of new morphometric studies.” In R. Botha and C. Knight, eds.,
West African Archaeology, New Developments, New Perspectives
, pp. 29â42. British Archaeological Reports International Series S2164, 2010.
Avery, D. M. “Taphonomy of micromammals from cave deposits at Kabwe (Broken Hill) and Twin Rivers in central Zambia.”
Journal of Archaeological Science
29 (2002), 537â44.
Balter, M. “Are humans still evolving?”
Science
309 (2005), 234â37.
Barham, L., A. Pinto Llona and C. Stringer. “Bone tools from Broken Hill (Kabwe) cave, Zambia, and their evolutionary significance.”
Before Farming
2002/2 (2002);
http://www.waspress.co.uk/
.
Belluz, J. “Leading geneticist Steve Jones says human evolution is over.”
Times
(London), 7 October 2008.
Blum, M. G. B., and M. Jakobsson. “Deep divergences of human gene trees and models of human origins.”
Molecular Biology and Evolution
(2010) (doi: 10.1093/molbev/msq265).
Boyd, R., and P. J. Richerson. “Group beneficial norms spread rapidly in a structured population.”
Journal of Theoretical Biology
215 (2002), 287â96.
Cochran, G., and H. Harpending.
The 10,000 Year Explosion: How Civilization Accelerated Human Evolution
. Basic Books, New York, 2009.
Crevecoeur, I., P. Semal, E. Cornelissen and A. S. Brooks. “The Late Stone Age human remains from Ishango (Democratic Republic of Congo): Contribution to the study of the African Late Pleistocene modern human diversity.”
American Journal of Physical Anthropology
(Program of the 79th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists) 141(50) (2010), 87.
Darwin, C. Obituary.
http://darwin-online.org.uk/obit
.
Foley, R. A., and M. Mirazón-Lahr. “The evolution of the diversity of cultures.”
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
366 (2011), 1080â89.
Gibbons, A. “Tracing evolution's recent fingerprints.”
Science
329 (2010), 740â42.
Gluckman, P., A. Beedle and M. Hanson.
Principles of Evolutionary Medicine
. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2009.
Gould, S. J. “The spice of life.”
Leader to Leader
15 (2000), 14â19.
Gunz, P., F. L. Bookstein, P. Mitteroeker, A. Stadlmayr, H. Seidler and G. W. Weber. “Early modern human diversity suggests subdivided population structure and a complex Out-of-Africa scenario.”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA
106 (2009), 6094â98.
Hammer, M., A. Woerner, F. Mendez, J. Watkins and J. Wall. “Genetic evidence for archaic admixture in Africa.”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA
(in press).
Hawks, J., E. T. Wang, G. Cochran, H. C. Harpending and R. K. Moyzis. “Recent acceleration of human adaptive evolution.”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA
104 (2007), 20753â58.
Henrich, J., R. Boyd and P. J. Richerson. “Five misunderstandings about cultural evolution.”
Human Nature
19 (2008), 119â37.
Hrdlic
Ä
ka, A.
The Skeletal Remains of Early Man
. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 1930.
Keinan, A., and D. Reich. “Can a sex-biased human demography account for the reduced effective population size of chromosome X in non-Africans?”
Molecular Biology and Evolution
27(10) (2010), 2312â21.
Laland, K. N., J. Odling-Smee and S. Myles. “How culture shaped the human genome: Bringing genetics and the human sciences together.”
Nature Reviews/Genetics
11 (2010), 137â48.
McAuliffe, K. “The incredible shrinking brain.”
Discover Magazine
, September 2010, 54â59.
Montgomery, P. Q., H. O. L. Williams, N. Reading and C. Stringer. “An assessment of the temporal bone lesions of the Broken Hill cranium.”
Journal of Archaeological Science
21 (1994), 331â37.
Pennisi, E. “Evolutionary medicine: Darwin applies to medical school.”
Science
324(5924) (2009), 162â63.
Premo, L. S., and J.-J. Hublin. “Culture, population structure and low genetic diversity in Pleistocene hominins.”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA
106 (2009), 33â37.
Relethford, J. H. “Genetic evidence and the modern human origins debate.”
Heredity
100 (2008), 555â63.
Richerson, P. J., R. L. Bettinger and R. Boyd. “Evolution on a restless planet: Were environmental variability and environmental change major drivers of human evolution?” In F. M. Wuketits and F. J. Ayala, eds.,
Handbook of Evolution
, vol. 2:
The Evolution of Living Systems (Including Hominids)
, pp. 223â42. Wiley, Weinheim, 2005.
Richerson, P. J., R. Boyd and R. L. Bettinger. “Cultural innovations and demographic change.”
Human Biology
81 (2009), 211â35.
Richerson, P. J., R. Boyd and J. Henrich. “Gene-culture coevolution in the age of genomics.”
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA
(2010) (doi: 10.1073/pnas0914631107).
Ruff, C. “Variation in human body size and shape.”
Annual Review of Anthropology
31 (2002), 211â32.
Sabeti, P. C., P. Varilly et al. “Genome-wide detection and characterization of positive selection in human populations.”
Nature
449(7164) (2007), 913â18.
Stoneking, M. “Does culture prevent or drive human evolution?”
On the Human
(2009).
http://onthehuman.org/2009/12/does-culture-prevent-or-drive-human-evolution/
.
Templeton, A. “Out of Africa again and again.”
Nature
416 (2002), 45â51.
Tishkoff, S. A., F. A. Reed, F. R. Friedlaender, C. Ehret, A. Ranciaro, A. Froment, J. B. Hirbo, A. A. Awomoyi et al. “The genetic structure and history of Africans and African Americans.”
Science
324 (2009), 1035â44.
Trinkaus, E. “The human tibia from Broken Hill, Kabwe, Zambia.”
PaleoAnthropology
(2009), 145â65.
_____
. “Modern human versus Neandertal evolutionary distinctiveness.”
Current Anthropology
47 (2006), 569â95.
Wade, N. “Adventures in very recent evolution.”
New York Times,
19 July 2010.
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/20/science/20adapt.html
.
Ward, P. “What will become of
Homo Sapiens
?”
Scientific American
300 (2009), 68â73.
Acknowledgments
Having worked in the field of paleoanthropology for forty years, I owe a huge debt to many people, and my network of friends and collaborators seems to get larger rather than smaller as time progresses, which is gratifying. So I am not going to attempt to name and thank everyone who has helped me in significant ways, stretching back to my family and foster family, my first teachers and supervisors, and those who welcomed me all over Europe as I began to gather data for my Ph.D. But many of my fellow researchers are identified in the book and bibliography by name, or through their ideas and influences on my thinking, and I hope I have represented their views fairly and accurately. I am certainly standing on the shoulders of giants as I grapple with reconstructing our evolutionary past, but I have also been greatly helped along the way by innumerable acts of kindness and generosity. My membership in three consortiaâthe completed Cambridge Stage 3 Project, the NERC-funded RESET project, and the AHOB project, funded by the Leverhulme Trustâhas also greatly benefited me.
For this book I am particularly grateful to Robert Kruszynski, Rebecca Varley-Winter, and Gabrielle Delbarre for their help with the bibliography, and for illustrations my thanks go to the Natural History Museum Department of Palaeontology, Photo Unit and Images Resources, and to Silvia Bello, John Reader, Francesco d'Errico, and Nicholas Conard. I am also very grateful to the editorial and production staff at Penguin Books and Henry Holt for all their work in bringing this book to publication.
Index
The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
Â
Abauntz Cave
Abdur Reef
absolute dating
Abi-Rached
accelerator dating
accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)
acid-base-wet oxidation (ABOX) dating
“Adam” (common male ancestor)
Adovasio, Jim
afer
subspecies
African Exodus
(Stringer)
Africa.
See also
Out of Africa 1 model; Recent African Origins model;
and specific artifacts, sites, species, and tool industries and periods
ancient human species in, and internal variation
as center of physical and cultural origins
climate and
Coon model of divided lineages following
cultural spread and
Darwin on
debate over
demography and cultural change in
dispersal routes from
exodus from
genetic data and
Haeckel's lost continent vs.
Human Revolution and
population size and
symbolism and language in
African Genesis
(Ardrey)
age profiles
agriculture
Ahmarian industry
Aiello, Leslie
Ainu people
Alexander, Richard
Alicona imaging microscope
Allen, Jim
Allen's rule
allometry
alloparents
Allsworth-Jones, Philip
Altamira Cave
altered consciousness
altruism
Alzheimer's
Ambrose, Stanley