Muslim Fortresses in the Levant: Between Crusaders and Mongols (136 page)
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Authors: Kate Raphael
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111 Molin,
Unknown Castles
, 22.
112 Ibn
,
Tashrīf
, 89–90.
113 Humphreys,
Saladin
, 9.
114 Irwin, “Direction of trade,” 79. See Table 3.1 in this chapter.
115 Irwin, “Direction of trade,” 80.
116 Ibid., 77.
117 Ibn al-Furāt,
,
Tarīkh Ibn al-Furāt
, eds N. Izzedin, and C. K. Zurayk (Beirut, 1939), vol. 8, 81; Maqrīzī,
Sulūk
, vol. 1, pt. 3, 748. Jubail and the fortresses in the near vicinity were part of a fief that belonged to a Frankish lord by the name of Sir Guy. He was later given Jubail as an
by Qalāwūn.
118 Ibn al-Furāt,
Ta’rīkh al-duwal wa’l-mulūk
, vol. 8, 81.
119 Ibid., 81.
120 Maqrīzī,
Sulūk
, vol. 1, pt. 3, 746–8.
121 Irwin, “County of Tripoli,” 247.
122 Ibn,
Tashrīf
, 147–50.
123 Nicola,
Urban Life
, 85.
124 Chevedden,
Damascus
, 92–5.
125 Ragette,
Baalbek,
76–78.
126
al-jumān fī ta’rikh ahl-al-zamān
, ed. M. M. Amīn (Cairo, 1990), vol. 3, 151.
127 On the conquest of
, Maqrīzī,
Sulūk
, vol. 1, pt. 3, 777–8.
128
Répertoire chronologique d’épigraphie arabe
, eds J. Combe, J. Sauvaget, et G. Wiet (Cairo, 1943), vol. 13, no. 4956.
129 Stewart, A. D.,
The rmenian Kingdom and the Mamluks: War and Diplomacy during the Reigns of Hetum II (1289–1307)
(Leiden, 2001),
The Medieval Mediterranean
, vol. 34. 74.
130 Bar Hebraeus,
Chronography
, vol. 1, 461.
131 Rashīd al-Dīn,
Jami‘u’t-Tawarikh
(Thackston), vol. 3, 58.
132 Abū’l-Fidā’,
Syrian Prince
(Holt), 19.
133 Al-Nuwayrī,
.
Nihāyat al-arab fī funūn al-adab
, (Cairo, 1992), vol. 31, 228, 231; Honigmann, E, and Bosworth, C. E., “Rūm K.al’esi,”
EI
2
: 8, 607.
134 Nuwayrī,
Nihāyat
, 231. This council is also described y The Templar of Tyre (born c. 1255),
The Templar of Tyre’: Part III of the ‘Deeds of the Cypriots,’
trans. P. Crawford (Aldershot, 2003), 122.
135 Al-Nuwayrī, Shihāb al-Dīn Ahmad b.
,
Nihāyat al-arab fī funūn al-adab
(Cairo, 1992), vol. 31, 228, 231; Honigmann, E, and Bosworth, C. E., “Rūm K.al’esi,”
EI
2
: 8, 607.
136 Boyle,
Iran
, 372–3.
137
, vol. 3, 164.
138 Ibid., 165.
139 Ibid., 164.
140 Humphreys,
Saladin
, 129–30, 310.
141 Der Nersessian, S., “The Armenian chronicle of the Constable Smpad or of the “Royal Historian,”
DOP
13 (1959): 142–68, 162–3; Amitai-Preiss, “
,” 10–12.
142 Atiya, A. S.,
The Crusade in the Later Middle Ages
, 2nd edn (New York, 1965), 41, 46.
143 Runciman, S.,
A History of the Crusades
(London, 1994), vol. 3, 333–7.