Muslim Fortresses in the Levant: Between Crusaders and Mongols (142 page)

52 Ibn
, 377.

53 Ibid., 385.

54 Ibid., 238. At the end of the siege of Arsūf he received a village in the region as free-hold. R. Amitai-Preiss, “The Mamluk officer class during the reign of sultan Baybars,” in
War and Society in the Eastern Mediterranean, 7th–15th Centuries
, ed. Y. Lev (Leiden, 1997), 296. Aybak al-Afram’s extraordinary wealth is described by Ibn Taghrī Birdī, Abū ‘l-Mahāsin,
Al-Nujūm al-zāhira fī muluk
w’l-qāhira
(Cairo, 1930–56.), vol. 8, 80–1

55 Ibn
,
Rawd
, 231.

56 Ibn Shaddād,
Ta’rīkh
, 257.

57 Maqrīzī,
Sulūk
, vol. 1, part 3, 763.

58 This eent is mentioned by Maqrīzī in a roundabout way when he describes the murder of al-Ashraf Khalīl; Aybak al-Afram’s name appears as one of the amirs who were ill-treated by this sultan. Maqrīzī,
Sulūk
, vol. 1, pt. 1, 792.

59 Ibn Taghrī Birdī,
Nujūm
, vol. 8, 80.

60 I would like to thank Mr Asad
, the manager of the site, for showing me around the fortress, for his patient explanations, and several interesting conversations which were of great help in my research.

61 Maqrīzī,
Sulūk
, vol. 1, pt. 2, 441; al-Yūnīnī,
al-Dīn Mūsā b.
,
Dhayl mir’āt al-zamān fī ta’rīkh
(Hyderabad, 1954–61), vol. 2, 69–71; Amitai-Preiss, R.,
Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk–Īlkhānid War 1260–1281
(Cambridge, 1995), 32, 45.

62 Ellenblum, “
,” 110–11; Amitai, “
,” 114.

63 Ibn Shaddād,
Ta’rīkh
, 354.

64
,
Wafayāt
, vol. 10, 365; Maqrīzī,
Sulūk
, vol. 1, pt. 2, 603.

65 Irwin,
Middle East
, 39.

66
uses the term
,
Wafayāt
, vol. 10, 366; Ibn Shaddād uses
milk
,
, vol. 1, pt. 1, 144. This matter is discussed at length in Amitai,
,” 109–23. See especially 114–15.