Penny le Couteur & Jay Burreson (61 page)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Poppies

Portugal, spice trade

Potassium nitrate

Potassium soaps

Preservatives.
See
Food preservatives

Price of molecules

Priestley, Joseph

Primates, and vitamin C

Progesterone

synthetic

Progestins

Prontosil red

Propellants, aerosol

Proteins, in animal fibers

Prozac

Puerto Rico, contraceptive field test

Purple dyes

Pyridoxine (vitamin B
₆
)

Quinidine

Quinine

Quinoline

 

Rauwolfia serpentina
(snakeroot)

Rayons

Red dyes

Red wine

Reduction, chemical process

Reform movements

Refrigerants

Refrigeration

and spice trade

Reserpine

Rhizopus nigricans
mold

Rhubarb

Rice, genetically engineered

Rock, John

Rockefeller Institute

Rock salt (halite)

Rome, ancient

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano

Ross, Ronald

Rowland, Sherwood

Rubber

Rubiaceae
family

Rum

Run Island

Russia

 

Saccharin

Saccharum officinarum
(sugarcane)

Saffron

Safrole

Sahara Desert

Salem witch-hunts

Salicin

Salicyl alcohol

Salicylic acid

Salix
(willow), aspirin from

Salt

Saltpeter

Salvarsan

Sandoz, drug company

Sanger, Margaret

Santa Anna, Antonio López de

Sapodilla tree

Sapogenins

Saponification

Saponins

Sapotaceae
family

Sarin

Sarsaparilla vine

Sarsasapogenin

Sarsasaponin

Sassafras oil

Saturated fatty acids

SBR (styrene butadiene rubber)

Schönbein, Friedrich

Scopolamine

Scotland, salt industry

Scott, Robert Falcon

Scurvy

Sea Diseases,
Cockburn

Seafarers, and scurvy

Sea onion

Searle, G. D., drug company

Sea salt

Selangor, rubber plantations

Selliguea feei
(Javanese fern)

Serendipity

Serine

Serturner, Friedrich

Serum cholesterol, fats and

Sex hormones

Sexual revolution

Shakespeare, William:

Shellac

Sickle-cell anemia

Silent Spring,
Carson

Silk

artificial

Silk Road (trade route)

Silkworm moth

Silver

Simpson, James Young

Singapore

Slave labor

Slave trade

Smallpox virus

Smoking(illus.)

Soap

Sobrero, Ascanio

Society, chemical influences

contraceptives

olive oil

opium

rubber

soap

Socrates

Soda ash

Sodium bicarbonate

Sodium chloride

Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda)

Sodium-potassium pump

Sodium soaps

Solanaceae
(nightshade family)

Solon

Solubility of salt

Solvay, Alfred and Ernest

Sorcery

Sour taste

Spain, and spice trade

Sperm suppressant

Spice Islands

Spices

trade in

See also
Cloves; Nutmeg; Peppers

Spinach

Spiraea ulmaria
(meadowsweet)

Standard Oil Company

Stanozolol

Staphylococcus bacteria

Starch, dietary

Staudinger, Hermann

Steam power

Stearic acid

Steroids

Stockings, nylon(illus.)

Stopes, Marie

Storage polysaccharides

Stork, Gilbert

Strathleven
(refrigerator ship)

Streptococcal infections

Structural polysaccharides cellulose

Strychnine

Stuyvesant, Peter

Styrene

Sucralose

Sucrose

Sugars

Sugarcane

Sulfa drugs

Sulfur, and rubber molecules

Sulfur dioxide

Sunscreens

Supernatural, belief in

The Surgeon's Mate,
Woodall

Surgery

Sweet taste

Syntex

Synthetic compounds

dyes

progesterone

quinine

rubber

textiles

See also
Artificial compounds

Syphilis

Szent-Györgyi, Albert

 

Tafur, Bartolomé

Talbor, Robert

Tallow

Tasman, Abel Janszoon

Tastes

Taxation of salt

Tea

Terrorists, explosives

Testosterone

Tetraethyl lead

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Theobroma cacao
(cacao) (illus.)

Theobromine

Theophylline

Thermoplastic materials

Thermoset materials

Thomson, Joseph John

Thorn apple

Timbuktu

Tin

TNT (trinitrotoluene)

Toads, witchcraft and

Tobacco

Toluene

Tongue, and taste

Trade olive oil

Trade union movement

Trans double bonds

Trans-fatty acids

A Treatise of Scurvy,
Lind

Treaty of Breda

Trichlorophenol

Triglycerides

Trinitrophenol

Tropical oils

Tropical rain forest destruction

“Truth serum,” 234

Trypan red I dye

Tunnels

“Twilight sleep,” 234

Twining, Alexander

Tyrian purple

 

Ultraviolet light absorption

United States, life expectancy

Unsaturated fatty acids

Urea

 

Vaccination programs

Valine

Vanilla planifolia
(vanilla orchid)

Vanillin

Vasco da Gama

Venice

Venoms

Viagra

Victoria, queen of England

Vietnam War, Agent Orange

Vikings

Virgil

Viscose

Vitalism

Vitamins

A

B

C

Vulcanization of rubber

 

Wars
See also
World War I; World War II

Washing soda.
See
Soda ash

Water

Waterproofed coats

Watt, James

West Indies

Whale blubber

Wickham, Henry Alexander

Wieliczka, Poland, salt caverns

Willow bark

Witchcraft

Withering, William

Woad

Wöhler, Friedrich

Women

Wonder drugs

Woodall, John,
The Surgeon's Mate

Woodward, Robert

Worcester Foundation

World Health Organization

World War I

World War II

Wound infections

 

Yam, wild Mexican

Yellow dyes

 

Zanzibar

Ziegler, Karl

Zingerone

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

PENNY CAMERON LE COUTEUR, PH.D., teaches chemistry at Capilano College in British Columbia, Canada, where she has been a professor for over thirty years. Winner of a Polysar Award for Outstanding Chemistry Teaching in Canadian Colleges, she was formerly the head of Capilano's chemistry department and was chair of pure and applied sciences. She has written chemistry distance-education courses, co-authored a chemistry textbook, and served as a project adviser in chemistry for universities in eastern Indonesia. She was born in Auckland, New Zealand, and now lives in North Vancouver.

 

JAY BURRESON, PH.D., has worked as an industrial chemist for a number of years, and has held a National Institutes of Health special fellowship for postdoctoral research into marine natural products at the University of Hawaii. He is presently general manager of a high-tech company and lives near Corvallis, Oregon.