Secondary Schizophrenia (171 page)

myoclonic epilepsy with ragged

motor strength,
48–
9

epilepsy

red fibers,
232

overlap syndrome,
232

mRNA expression studies,
296

neuroleptic malignant syndrome,
362

mitochondrial encephalopathy,
81

mucopolysaccharidoses,
214–
15,

neurologic examination, in

mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal

215t

schizophrenia as aid in

encephalomyopathy,
230

Mueser, K. T.,
22

detecting neuromedical

mitochondrial functions,
229

etiologies,
52–
3

mitochondrial genetics,
229–
30

Mulder, D.,
265

assessment area summary,
54–
5

heteroplasmy/homoplasmy,

musical hallucinois,
31

auditory,
51

229–
30

cerebellar signs in persons with

maternal inheritance,
229

myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red

schizophrenic/healthy

mitotic segregation,
230

fibers (MERRF),
232

persons,
51

role of autosomal genes on

cranial nerves,
49

mitochondrial function,
230

Nac,
119

difference from examination of

N acetyl aspartate (NAA),
7

healthy person,
47

mitochondrial segregation,
230

dorsal column sensory tests,
52

with psychotic illness suggestive of

N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG)

future research,
55

schizophrenia,
233–
5

peptidase inhibitors,
155

gait,
51

neurologic examination (cont.)

randomized controlled trials on

oculomotor convergence,
49

hard vs. soft signs,
47–
8

substance misuse,
408–
12

Odawara, M.,
234

higher order sensory tests,
52

brief interventions,
410

hyperkinetic motor findings,
51

case management intensity,

Ohayon, M.,
21–
2

motor coordination,
49–
50

410

O’Keefe, S.,
180

motor strength,
48–
9

cognitive behavior therapy,

oculomotor,
49

410–
11

olanzapine

olfactory,
52

future research,
411

and Huntington’s disease,
353

prevalence of abnormal

implications for clinical practice,

and leukodystrophies,
250

performance,
47

411–
12

and multiple sclerosis,
277

pupils,
49

increasing effect of existing

and secondary schizophrenia,
396,

reflexes,
48

treatments,
411

397,
398,
399

ruling out secondary schizophrenia,

integrated treatment,
411

and seizures,
87–
8

54t

intervention overview,

olfactory hallucinations

sensory exam,
51

408

in brain tumor,
266
See also

significance of global impairment,

limitations,
408–
10

secondary olfactory and

53

methodological criteria scoring,

gustatory hallucinations

specific aetiologies of secondary

408

schizophrenia,
53–
4

outcomes,
408

Operational Criteria Checklist for

tactile,
52

participants,
408

Psychotic and Affective

visual,
51

sample size,
408

Illness (OPCRIT),
289

neuronal migration disorders,
81

studies included in,
408,
409t

opiates

substance use treatment,
406–
7

endogenous,
85

Neuropsychiatry Inventory (NPI),

abstinence goals,
407

and psychosis,
116
See also

205–
6

assertive outreach,
407

substance-induced

New York High-Risk Study,
5

motivational interviewing,

psychosis

407

nicotine use,
116

opioid receptor system, and

parallel and sequential,
406–
7

cannabinoid,
107

Nielson, A. S.,
188

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

opioids

Niemann-Pick Disease type C (NPC),

(NSAIDs),
182

as cause of psychosis,
95,

217, 217f
,
218, 218f
,
220–
1,

normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)

116

221f
,
222

clinical presentation of NPH,
258

as cause of toxic psychosis,
182,

nitric oxide (NO),
85

conclusions,
260

183

as cause of visual hallucinations,

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)

delayed/missed diagnosis,
259

370

glutamate receptor,
106,

history of,
257

κ
opioids,
95

151–
2,
153,
154,
155–
6,
318

pathogenesis of psychotic symptoms

in,
259–
60

oppositional defiant disorder (ODD),

N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT),

schizophrenia and ventricular

313

148

enlargement,
257–
8

optokinetic nystagmus,
49

Nobre, A. C.,
373

schizophrenia-like psychosis and

hydrocephalus,
258–
9

organic

nonpharmacological interventions for

ventricular shunting for,
259

duality problem with,
16

secondary schizophrenia

method problem with,
16–
17,

conclusions,
414

nortriptyline,
182

18

management of psychotic

neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCLs),

need for alternative to,
18–
19

symptoms/sequelae,
413–
14

219–
20

practice problem with,
17–
19

cognitive behavior therapy,

scholasticism problem with,
18

413–
14

nystagmus,
49,
54,
144,
333

semantic problem with,
18

cognitive remediation,
414

stigma problem with,
18

family intervention,
414

obesity, early onset,
328

threat of takeover problem with,
18

future research,
414

O’Brien, J. T.,
200

implications for clinical practice,

organic/functional vs. primary/

414

obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD),

secondary categorization of

social skills training,
413

313,
360,
396

schizophrenia,
3

psychological management of

oculomotor abnormalities, and

organicity, of acute psychotic

insomnia,
412–
13

ketamine,
147

disorders,
384–
5

future research,
412

¨

implications for clinical practice,

oculomotor apraxia,
335

Ostling, S.,
208

412–
13

oculomotor ataxia,
50

Ota, Y.,
189

Otsuka, K.,
381

relationship to psychosis,
142–
3

predisposing factors,
84

oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS),

resemblance to schizophrenia,
54,

treatment,
83–
4

229

143–
4

post-illness onset,
9

treatment,
143

oxytocin,
328

postlobectomy psychosis,
91–
2, 92t

phencyclidine intoxication,
49

¨

Oztürk, ¨

O,
198,
199

post-stroke psychosis

phenothiazines,
87–
8

case report on symptoms,
197–
8

P300,
132

phenytoin,
87

hallucinations,
198

hallucinosis,
198

palatal myoclonus,
29

phosphomonoesters (PME),
7–
8

mechanisms,
199–
200

palinopsia,
370

photopsias,
370

phenomenology,
198

prevalence,
198

panic disorder hallucinations and,

pica,
329

33

Pick, A.,
204

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD),

396,
397

Pantelis, C.,
6

Pillman, F.,
382

Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS)

Parkinson’s Disease (PD)

pimozide,
87

conclusion,
330

antipsychotics for,
398

pituitary tumors,
267

course/treatment of psychosis in,

hallucinations in,
24–
5,
33,
34

329

treatment,
394,
396

plastic regenerative change,
93–
4

genetic subtype influence on

Parkinson’s Disease with Dementia

pleomorphic symptoms,
83

psychosis in,
329

(PDD),
24–
5

polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat

other psychopathology in PWS,

paroxetine,
182

disorders,
353

329

overview,
328

pathological non-localizing reflexes,
48

polymerase chain reaction (PCR),

psychosis in,
328–
9

290

Patton, R.,
264

uniparental disomy subtype of,
328,

population attributable risk (PAR),
284

329–
30

Paulson, J. S.,
206–
7

positive symptoms, of schizophrenia,
3

Prenatal Determinants of

Pearlson, G. D.,
32

Schizophrenia (PDS) study,

positron emission tomography (PET)

peduncular hallucinosis (PH),
26,
198