Strange Rebels: 1979 and the Birth of the 21st Century (70 page)

11
. For a more detailed exploration of modern Shenzhen, see
Postcards from Tomorrow Square: Reports from China
, James Fallows.

12
. “China Internal Security Spending Jumps Past Army Budget,” Chris Buckley, Reuters, March 5, 2011,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/03/05/china-unrest-idUSTOE72400920110305
.

13
.
Marketing Dictatorship: Propaganda and Thought Work in Contemporary China
, Anne-Marie Brady, 2.

14
. See especially “Arise, Slaves, Arise!,” in
Out of Mao’s Shadow: The Struggle for the Soul of a New China
, Philip P. Pan, 113–146.

15
. For a detailed description of these Chinese studies, see
China’s Communist Party: Atrophy and Adaptation
, David Shambaugh.

16
.
Creating Wealth and Poverty in Postsocialist China
, edited by Deborah S. Davis and Wang Feng, 6.

17
. One much-noted novel from the early reform period, by the writer Dai Hou Ying, was entitled simply
Human
.

18
. It is, of course, possible that the model in question was a foreigner. Even so, I argue her worth as a symbol of the secular future to which many Afghans genuinely aspired in the 1970s.

19
. The post-2001 history of Afghanistan would probably have taken a dramatically different course had Ahmad Shah Massoud not fallen victim to al-Qaeda suicide bombers in September 2001. (This was after the KGB and his rivals among the mujahideen had repeatedly attempted to kill him during the 1980s.) Of the other leaders treated in this book, Deng Xiaoping, true to his extraordinary talent for survival, probably leads the pack in number of attacks survived; fanatical Maoists, who never forgave him for his heresy, repeatedly tried to kill him. John Paul II survived the 1981 attempt on his life by the Turkish assassin Mehmet
Ali Ağca (under circumstances that remain the subject of some dispute). The shah considered executing Khomeini during his arrest in 1964, but was dissuaded when senior clerics awarded Khomeini the title of “ayatollah,” thus making it politically unfeasible for the shah to lay a hand on him. Finally Margaret Thatcher survived a bomb planted in her hotel by Irish Republican terrorists during the Conservative Party conference in Brighton in 1984.

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