Taking Liberties: The War on Terror and the Erosion of American Democracy (44 page)

63
.  Mary Forgione,
New Uproar over Security Scanners After Agency Acknowledges Storing Images,
L.A. TIMES,
Aug. 9, 2010,
http://travel.latimes.com/daily-deal-blog/index.php/new-uproar-over-secu-7335/
.

64
.  Cohen & Halsey,
supra
note 52.

65
.  
61% Oppose Full Body Scans and TSA Pat Downs; 48% Will Seek Alternative to Flying,
ZOGBY.COM
(Nov. 23, 2010),
http://www.zogby.com/templates/print-news.cfm?id=1925
.

66
.  
See
Jeffrey M. Jones,
In U.S., Air Travelers Take Body Scans in Stride
(Jan. 10, 2010),
http://www.gallup.com/poll/125018/Air-Travelers-Body-Scans-Stride.aspx
(poll conducted Jan. 5–6, 2010 found 78 percent approval rating).

67
.  E. D. Kain,
Ron Paul Introduces the American Traveler Dignity Act,
WASH. EXAMINER,
Nov. 19, 2010,
http://washingtonexaminer.com/blogs/opinion-zone/2010/11/ron-paul-introduces-american-traveler-dignity-act#ixzz18aOQR4sJ
.

68
.  
Insisting on Right to Privacy, TRI Defends Airline Passengers, Sues DHS & TSA over Scanners, Virtual Strip Searches & Full-Body “Rub-Downs
, “
RUTHERFORD INSTITUTE NEWS
(Dec. 5, 2010),
http://www.rutherford.org/articles_db/press_re-lease.asp?article_id=870
.

69
.  
EPIC v. DHS (Suspension of Body Scanner Program),
ELECTRONIC PRIVACY INFORMATION CENTER,
http//epic.org/privacy/body_scanners/epic_v_dhs_suspension_of_body.html.

70
.  
9/11 Commission Report, supra
note 29, at 88.

71
.  Bruce Schneier,
Our Reaction Is the Real Security Failure,
AOL NEWS
(Jan. 7, 2010),
http://www.schneier.com/essay-303.html
.

72
.  Scott Shane,
Administration to Seek Balance in Airport Screening,
N.Y. TIMES,
Nov. 21, 2010,
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/22/us/22tsa.html
.

73
.  
See Racial Profiling Seen as Widespread, Particularly Among Young Black Men,
GALLUP NEWS SERV.
(Dec. 9, 1999),
http://www.gallup.com/poll/3421/racial-profiling-seen-widespread-particularly-among-young-black-men.aspx
(81 percent of those polled disapproved of racial profiling).

74
.  
See, e.g.,
Paul Sperry,
When the Profile Fits the Crime,
N.Y. TIMES,
July 28, 2005,
http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/28/opinion/28sperry.html
); Samuel R. Gross & Debra Livingston,
Racial Profiling Under Attack,
102
COLUM. L. REV.
1413, 1437 (2002); William J. Stuntz,
Local Policing After the Terror,
111
YALE L.J.
2137, 2161, 2179 (2002).

75
.  Sharon Davies,
Profiling Terror,
1
OHIO ST. J. CRIM
,
L.
45, 76–81 (2003); Christopher Edley, Jr.,
The New American Dilemma: Racial Profiling Post-9/11, in
THE WAR ON OUR FREEDOMS
180-86 (Richard C. Leone & Greg Anrig, Jr. eds., New York: Public Affairs 2003).

76
.  Bernard Harcourt,
Muslim Profiles Post-9/11: Is Racial Profiling an Effective Counterterrorist Measure and Does It Violate the Right to Be Free from Discrimination?,
2
JOHN M. OLIN L.
&
ECON. WORKING PAPERS,
no. 288, 2006,
http://www.law. uchicago.edu/files/files/286.pdf
.

77
.  
See, e.g.,
W. Kip Viscusi & Richard J. Zeckhauser,
Sacrificing Civil Liberties to Reduce Terrorism Risks,
26
J. RISK
&
UNCERTAINTY
99 (2003) (finding that law students polled were more willing to approve of intrusive airport screening measures if they did not belong to a group that historically experienced being singled out).
See
chapter 11
, notes 25–28 and accompanying text.

78
.  
See
Complaint, Sultan v. Kelly et al., No. 09 CV 00698(RJD)(RER), 2009 WL 464013 (E.D.N.Y. Feb. 19, 2009),
http://www.nyclu.org/case/sultan-v-kelly-et-al-challenging-nypds-subway-bag-search-program
.

79
.  MacWade v. Kelly, 460 F.3d 260 (2d Cir. 2006).

80
.  
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, PROTECTING INDIVIDUAL PRIVACY IN THE STRUGGLE AGAINST TERRORISM
58-59 (Washington, DC: National Academies Press 2008),
http://books.nap.edu/open-book.php?record_id=12452&page=7
.

81
.  Goldberg,
supra
note 43.

82
.  
See
Daniel Solove,
Data Mining and the Security-Liberty Debate,
75 U.
CHI. L. REV.
343, 347–48 (2008) (criticizing the
MacWade
court’s version of balancing interests).

83
.  William Neuman,
In Response to M.T.A.’s “Say Something” Ads, a Glimpse of Modern Fears,
N.Y. TIMES,
Jan. 7, 2008,
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/07/nyregion/07see.html?_r=1&oref=slogin>;
.

84
.  Olmstead v. United States, 277 U.S. 438, 479 (1928) (Brandeis, J., dissenting).

Chapter 5

1
.  
SHIRIN SINNAR, THE OFAC LIST: HOW A TREASURY DEPARTMENT TERRORIST WATCHLIST ENSNARES EVERYDAY CONSUMERS
(San Francisco: Lawyers’ Comm. for Civ. Rights of the San Francisco Area 2007),
http://www.lccr.com/03%202007%20OFAC%20Report.pdf
.

2
.  Jack M. Balkin,
The Constitution in the National Security State,
93
MINN. L. REV.
1, 7 (2008).

3
.  
See
JEFFREY ROSEN, THE NAKED CROWD
(New York: Random House 2005);
JAMES RULE, PRIVACY IN PERIL
(New York: Oxford Univ. Press 2007); Julia Ang-win,
The Web’s New Gold Mine: Your Secrets,
WALL ST
.
J.,
July 30, 2010,
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703940904575395073512989404. html
.

4
.  
ROSEN,
supra
note 3, at 20, crediting Roger Clarke with coining this term.

5
.  
DANIEL J. SOLOVE, THE DIGITAL PERSON
2 (New York: N.Y. Univ. Press 2004).

6
.  31 U.S.C. §§ 5312(a)(2)(A)–(Z). The definition existing at the time of the Patriot Act was expanded by the Intelligence Authorization Act of 2004, but only modestly. Most of the categories of businesses were included in the 1986 enacting law, with all but one other added with the 1988 amendments. Only minor changes have taken place since.

7
.  Patriot Act § 326; 31 USC § 5318(l);
see
JAY STANLEY
&
BARRY STEINHARDT, ACLU, THE SURVEILLANCE-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX: HOW THE AMERICAN GOVERNMENT IS CONSCRIPTING BUSINESSES AND INDIVIDUALS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SURVEILLANCE SOCIETY
18 (2004),
http://www.aclu.org/files/FilesPDFs/surveillance_re-port.pdf
[hereinafter
SURVEILLANCE INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX].

8
.  
See, e.g.,
31 U.S.C. § 5313; 31 C.F.R. § 103.22 (requiring reports of cash transactions above $10,000).

9
.  Patriot Act § 325; 31 U.S.C. § 5318(h).

10
.  Patriot Act § 314.

11
.  
Watchdog Pro—OFAC & PATRIOT Act Compliance Software,
ATTUS,
http://www.attustech.com/watchdogpro-ofac-patriot-act-compliance-software
. aspx.

12
.  Tamara Loomis,
The Rising Costs of Patriot Act Compliance,
N.Y.L.J., May 9, 2003,
http://www.law.com/jsp/law/LawArticleFriendly.jsp?id=900005535313
.

13
.  Press Release and Consent Decree, State of N.Y. Banking Dep’t,
Banking Department Fines Western Union $8 Million for Violating Bank Secrecy, USA Patriot, New York Banking Laws
(Dec. 18, 2002),
http://www.banking.state.ny.us/ea021218.htm
.

14
.  Glenn Simpson,
Easy Money: Expanding in an Age of Terror, Western Union Faces Scrutiny,
WALL ST. J
., Oct. 20, 2004,
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,SB109823529279550190,00.html
.

15
.  Kathleen Pender,
PATRIOT Act Halts Would-be Investor,
SEATTLE POST-INTELLIGENCER,
Sept. 6, 2003,
http://www.seattlepi.com/money/138317_patriotact06. html
.

16
.  Daniel J. Solove,
Data Mining and the Security-Liberty Debate,
75
U. CHI. L. REV.
343, 358 (2008).

17
.  Leela Jacinto,
Is a Muslim Name Bad for Business?
ABC NEWS
(June 11, 2003),
http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=90212&page=1
.

18
.  
Id.

19
.  
SURVEILLANCE-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX,
supra
note 7, at 3–4.

20
.  
See
MARY FULBROOK, THE PEOPLE’S STATE
241-42 (London: Yale Univ. Press 2008).

21
.  Olmstead v. United States, 277 U.S. 438, 478 (1928) (Brandeis, J., dissenting).

22
.  
Eagle Eyes: Watch.Report.Protect,
U.S. AIR FORCE, OFFICE OF SPECIAL INVESTIGATIONS,
http://www.osi.andrews.af.mil/eagleeyes/index.asp
.

23
.  
See Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons,
OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, U.S. DEP’T OF THE TREAS.
(Mar. 17, 2011),
http://www.treasury.gov/ofac/downloads/t11sdn.pdf
.

24
.  Patriot Act § 326(l)(C) gives the Treasury Secretary the authority to require list-checking.

25
.  
See Frequently Asked Questions and Answers,
OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, U.S. DEP’T OF THE TREAS.
,
http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/faqs/Sanctions/Pages/answer.aspx
.

26
.  Ellen Nakashima,
Ordinary Customers Flagged as Terrorists,
WASH. POST,
Mar. 27, 2007,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/26/AR2007032602088.html
.

27
.  
Facts for Consumers: Your Access to Free Credit Reports,
FED. TRADE COMM’N
(March 2008),
http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/edu/pubs/consumer/credit/cre34.shtm
.

28
.  
See
Jon D. Michaels,
All the President’s Spies: Private-Public Intelligence Partnerships in the War on Terror,
96
CAL. L. REV.
901 (2008) (advocating procedural reform).

29
.  Brian Braiker,
Buying a Home and the Patriot Act,
MSNBC
(June 9, 2004),
http://msnbc.msn.com/id/5131685/site/newsweek/38534293
.

30
.  Tara K. Gorman, Esq.,
PATRIOT Act and Anti-Terrorism Laws: Real Estate Industry Stand Up and Take Notice,
AU2WARE,
http://www.au2ware.com/patriot-act-businesses.php
.

31
.  James H. Freis, Jr.,
Remarks of James H. Freis, Jr., Director, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, U.S. Dep’t of the Treas. Delivered at the Institute of Internat’l Bankers 2010 AML Conference
(May 20, 2010),
http://www.fincen.gov/news_room/speech/pdf/20071022.pdf
, at 9–10.

32
.  Adam Liptak,
A.C.L.U. Board Is Split over Watchlists,
N.Y. TIMES,
July 31, 2004,
http://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/31/us/aclu-board-is-split-over-terror-watch-lists.html
.

33
.  
ACLU Letter on Combined Federal Campaign “Black List,”
ACLU (July 30, 2004),
http://www.aclu.org/national-security/aclu-letter-combined-federal-campaign-black-list;
see
Adam Liptak,
A.C.L.U. to Withdraw from Charity Drive,
N.Y. TIMES,
Aug. 1, 2004,
http://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/01/us/aclu-to-withdraw-from-charity-drive.html
.

34
.  Stephanie Strom,
Requirement on Watch Lists Is Dropped,
N.Y. TIMES,
Nov. 10, 2005,
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F05E3DF123EF933A25752C1A9639C8B63
.

35
.  
Anti-Terrorist Financing Guidelines: Voluntary Best Practices for U.S.-Based Charities,
U.S. DEP’T OF THE TREASURY
(Dec. 9, 2010),
http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/terrorist-illicit-finance/Documents/guidelines_charities.pdf
.

36
.  
OMB WATCH AND GRANTMAKERS WITHOUT BORDERS, COLLATERAL DAMAGE: HOW THE WAR ON TERRORISM HURTS CHARITIES, FOUNDATIONS, AND THE PEOPLE THEY SERVE
4, 39-19 (2008).

37
.  
Id.
at 43.

38
.  
Insurance Providers Lend Hand in Search,
MICH. DAILY,
Nov. 17, 2003,
http://www.michigandaily.com/content/insurance-providers-lend-hand-search
.

39
.  Braiker,
supra
note 29.

40
.  
JOHN ROTH, DOUGLAS GREENBURG,
&
SERENA WILLE, NAT’L COMM’N ON TERRORIST ATTACKS UPON THE UNITED STATES, STAFF REPORT TO THE COMMISSION: MONOGRAPH ON TERRORIST FINANCING
52-57 (2004).

41
.  
Id.
at 56.

42
.  
Id.

43
.  
Report of the Congress’l Comm’s Investigating the Iran Contra Affair,
H.R. REP. NO.
100-433, at 141 (1987).