Taking Liberties: The War on Terror and the Erosion of American Democracy (52 page)

Jeffrey Rosen,
The Naked Crowd: Reclaiming Security and Freedom in an Anxious Age
(New York: Random House, 2005).

James B. Rule,
Privacy in Peril: How We Are Sacrificing a Fundamental Right in Exchange for Security and Convenience
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2007).

Austin Sarat, ed.,
Dissent in Dangerous Times
(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005).

Frederick Schauer,
Profiles, Probabilities, and Stereotypes
(Cambridge, MA: Belknap/Harvard, 2003).

Bruce Schneier,
Beyond Fear: Thinking Sensibly About Security in an Uncertain World
(New York: Copernicus, 2003).

Stephen J. Schulhofer,
Rethinking the Patriot Act: Ideas for Reform
(New York: Century Foundation, 2005).

Frederick A. O. Schwarz, Jr. and Aziz Z. Huq,
Unchecked and Unbalanced: Presidential Power in a Time of Terror
(New York: New Press, 2007).

Barry Siegel,
Claim of Privilege
(New York: HarperCollins, 2008).

Daniel J. Solove,
The Digital Person
(New York: New York University Press, 2004).

Jessica Stern,
Terror in the Name of God
(New York: HarperCollins, 2003).

Geoffrey R. Stone,
Perilous Times: Free Speech in Wartime from the Sedition Act of 1798 to the War on Terrorism
(New York: W.W. Norton, 2004).

Geoffrey R. Stone,
War and Liberty: An American Dilemma: 1790 to the Present
(New York: W.W. Norton, 2007).

Philippa Strum,
Privacy: The Debate in the United States Since 1945
(Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace, 1998).

Cass Sunstein,
The Laws of Fear: Beyond the Precautionary Principle
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005).

Ron Suskind,
The One Percent Doctrine
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006).

Charles J. Sykes,
The End of Privacy: The Attack on Personal Rights at Home, at Work, On-Line, and in Court
(New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999).

Alexis de Tocqueville,
Democracy in America
(J. P. Mayer ed., George Lawrence trans., New York: HarperCollins, 1988).

W. Kip Viscusi,
The Risks of Terrorism
(New York: Kluwer, 2004).

Ibrahim Warde,
The Price of Fear
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007).

Alan Westin,
Privacy and Freedom
(New York: Atheneum, 1967).

Benjamin Wittes, ed.,
Legislating the War on Terror: An Agenda for Reform
(Washington, DC: Brookings, 2009).

Lawrence Wright,
The Looming Tower
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2006).

John Yoo,
War by Any Other Means: An Insider’s Account of the War on Terror
(New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2006).

Photo Credits

Sami al-Hussayen: Courtesy of David Nevin
Lavoni T. Kidd: Source, University of Idaho
Roya Rahmani, Courtesy of Roya Rahmani
Erich Scherfen, Courtesy of Rubina Tareen
Nick George, Courtesy of Nick George
Brandon Mayfield, Greg Wahl-Stephens/Getty Images News/Getty Images
George Christian, Photo by Katherine Bade
Library Connection Four, Angel Franco/The New York Times/Redux
Nick Merrill, Photo by Don Morris

Index

Abdulmutallab, Omar, 67, 79, 191

Abu Ghraib, 172

Accountability Now, 176

ACLU.
See
American Civil Liberties Union

Adams, Jan, 71

Adams, John, 215

Addington, David, 170, 172

Advance imaging, 78

Afghanistan, 166, 173, 177, 179, 194, 204, 205

African National Congress (ANC), 43, 69

“Agent of a foreign power,” 112–113

Aiken, Ann (Judge), 109, 114–116, 118–120, 185, 208

Airoldi, Joan, 146–147

Airports, 18, 33, 66, 69, 78

Al Qaeda, 5, 10, 11, 24, 27, 43, 51, 52, 54, 60, 61, 63, 171, 173, 175, 181, 199, 201, 215

ALA.
See
American Library Association

Al-Barakaat, 59–60

Albaraqi, Muwafa, 126–127

Albaroudi, Homam, 125–126, 127

Al-Buthi, Soliman, 181

Algabri, Hossam, 86–87, 89–90, 102, 211

Al-Haramain Islamic Foundation, 180–183, 183, 205

Al-Hussayen, Sami Omar, 23–38, 42, 45, 54, 100, 107

Ali, Muhammad (Cassius Clay), 33

Alien and Sedition Act, 213, 214–215, 217

Alien Enemies Act, 215

Al-Kidd, Abdullah (Lavoni Kidd), 33–38, 45, 107, 205, 211, 215

Alsup, William (Judge), 72–73, 208

Amazon.com, 88, 161

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 3, 17, 18, 48, 61, 68, 70, 76, 105, 117, 139, 150, 162, 212

litigation, 36, 56, 73, 93, 128, 140, 143, 145, 147, 152, 155–159, 177–178, 214

American Express, 89, 92

American Library Association (ALA), 121, 146

American Revolution, 109, 209

American Travelers Dignity Act, 80

American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, 126

Amnesty International, 165, 178

Amnesty International USA v. McConnell; v. Clapper
, 178

ANC.
See
African National Congress

Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act, 28, 196

Antiwar Activists, 9, 71, 122, 216

Arab-Americans, 197

Arabic language, 3, 33, 58, 77–78

Arar, Maher, 204

Arbitrariness, 70, 101, 102, 110, 120, 158, 159

Arendt, Hannah, 101

Article II.
See
United States Constitution

Article III.
See
United States Constitution

Arulanantham, Ahilan, 49

Ashcroft, Janet, 171

Ashcroft, John (Attorney General, U.S.), 26, 36, 106, 116, 123, 128, 133, 137, 155, 168, 169, 170–172, 194, 205, 206

Ashcroft v. al-Kidd,
205

Ashcroft v. Iqbal,
205

AT&T, 167, 176, 179

Authorization for Use of Military Force, 171

Automatic Selectee, 66–67, 72, 74

Awadallah, Osama, 35

Bacevich, Andrews, 16

Backscatter technology, 78

Bailey, Barbara, 136, 139–140, 142

Balkin, Jack, 102

Bamford, James, 175, 178

Banks, 12, 86–88, 131

Beeson, Ann, 105, 117–118, 156, 177

Belew, Wendell, 181

Bellahouel, Mohamed Kamel, 199–200

BellSouth, 176

Benevolence International Foundation (BIF), 54, 59

Bentham, Jeremy, 99

Bernabei, Lynne, 56, 181

Bicentennial celebration, 216

Bierfeldt, Steven, Campaign for Liberty, 18, 78

BIF.
See
Benevolence International Foundation

Big Brother, 101, 152, 155

Bill of Rights Defense Committee, 213

Bin Laden, Osama (Usama), 5, 28, 38, 94, 123, 137, 146, 147

Bipartisan consensus, 111, 162, 196, 216

Blacklists, 10, 18, 27, 86, 92, 179, 190, 201

foreign terrorist organizations, 39–50

no fly list, 67–85

Muslim charities, 51–65

Blockade approach, 52, 53, 60, 94

Blocking Faith, Freezing Charity
, 61

Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan, 94

Bodyscanners, 17, 78–81, 85, 190

Boumediene v. Bush
, 203

Braiker, Brian, 94

Brandeis, Louis (Justice), 85

Brandenburg v. Ohio,
28

Brandt, Liz, 23, 26, 32

Brennan Center for Justice, 48

Brennan, William (Justice), 120

Brey-Casiano, Carol, 147

Breyer, Stephen (Justice), 47

Bridge Refugee Services, 126–130, 134

Burger, Warren E. (Chief Justice), 112

Bush, George W. (President, U.S.), 3, 4–9, 11, 14, 19, 38, 51–52, 55, 59, 64, 90, 91, 97, 101, 123, 165, 166, 169, 172–173, 180, 183, 191, 193–196, 198, 201, 205, 212

Bush, George H.W. (President, U.S.), 180

Bush/Cheney Administration (Bush Administration), 4, 6, 7, 8, 16, 18, 24, 36, 46, 51, 71, 96, 167–168, 172, 177–179, 181–182, 189–208, 215

“Bush Lite,” 192

Bush’s Law
, 60

Businesses and the Patriot Act, 19, 86–102, 125, 133, 134–135, 154, 167, 195

Bybee, Jay, 169, 170

Calyx Internet Access Corporation, 151, 159

Calyx (not for profit organization), 164

Campaign for Liberty, 18, 78

Canada, 134

Card, Andrew, 170, 171

Carr, James (Judge), 57

Carter, Jimmy (President, U.S.), 39, 48, 50, 178

Cato Institute, 18, 212

Cauley, Leslie, 167

Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR), 45, 212

CFC.
See
Combined Federal Campaign

Charities, 6, 10, 12, 19, 24, 51–65, 86, 87, 91–94, 100, 125–127, 181, 195, 197, 201

Chase, Peter, 139, 142–143

Chaskalson, Arthur, Constitutional Court of South Africa, 210

Chechnyan rebels, 27

Checks and balances, 6, 8, 14, 20, 139, 168, 189–202, 208, 211

Chemerinsky, Erwin, 206

Cheney, Richard (Vice President, U.S.), 5, 6, 170, 172, 173, 193

Cheney, Mary, 192

Chilling speech, 123, 127, 129

ChoicePoint, 97

Christian, George, 16, 136–149, 151, 152, 159, 211

Christian Peacemaker Teams, 48

Christian Science Monitor,
200

Christensen, Dan, 200

Christmas bombing 2009, 67, 80

Churches, 13, 33, 121

Church, Frank (Senator, U.S.), 111, 216

Church Committee, 111, 120, 183–184, 216–217

Church World Services, 126

Civil War, U.S., 13, 214

Clay, Cassius (Muhammad Ali), 33

Clements, French, 89

Clinton, Bill (President, U.S.), 28, 41, 51, 57, 72, 141, 156, 196, 215

Clinton, Hillary (Secretary of State, U.S.), 9, 191, 208

CNN, 28, 173

Cold War, 96, 105, 111, 123

Cole, David, 18, 48, 56

Colgan Airlines, 69–70

Combined Federal Campaign (CFC), 93

Comcast, 161

Comey, James, 170–171

Committee for Human Rights, 40

Computers, information on, 96, 98, 106, 115, 122, 123, 128, 132, 136–139, 147, 153, 155, 160

Confidential data, 99, 115, 125, 127, 134, 179, 183, 198, 201

Congress, U.S.,
passim

responses to President’s Surveillance Program, 172–173, 195

Congressional Research Service, 61, 73, 171

Constitutional democracy, 4, 14, 198, 207

Consumer Privacy Laws, 137

Conyers, Jr., John (Representative, U.S.), 185, 201

Council on American-Islamic Relations, 126

Council on Foreign Relations, 47

Courts of Appeal, U.S.,

D.C. Circuit, 129, 202–203

Eleventh Circuit, 200

Ninth Circuit, 36, 41, 45–46, 115, 116, 204, 206

Second Circuit, 35, 37, 83, 141, 143–144, 145, 156, 158, 160, 176, 179, 203–204, 208