Taking Liberties: The War on Terror and the Erosion of American Democracy (43 page)

68
.  
OMB WATCH,
supra
note 9, at 32–33.

69
.  President Barack Obama, Remarks by the President on a New Beginning, at Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt (June 4, 2009),
http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Remarks-by-the-President-at-Cairo-University-6-04-09
.

70
.  Letter from Am. Muslim Health Prof’ls et al., to President Barack Obama (Aug. 11, 2010),
http://www.muslimadvocates.org/documents/Obama%20Char-ity%20Letter%20II%20FINAL.pdf;
see
Sahar Aziz,
Ease Restrictions on International Charities,
CNN
(June 4, 2010, 12:08
P.M.),
http://www.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/06/04/aziz.cairo.charities/index.html
.

Chapter 4

1
.  Lizette Alvarez,
Meet Mikey, 8: U.S. Has Him on Watch List,
N.Y. TIMES,
Jan. 13, 2010,
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/14/nyregion/14watchlist.html
.

2
.  Rick Bowmer,
Terror List Snag Nearly Grounded Ted Kennedy,
USA TODAY,
Aug. 19, 2004,
http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2004-08-19-kennedy-list_x.htm
.

3
.  
Insisting on Right to Privacy, TRI Defends Airline Passengers, Sues DHS & TSA over Scanners, Virtual Strip Searches & Full-Body “Rub-Downs,”
THE RUTHERFORD INSTITUTE NEWS
(Dec. 5, 2010),
http://www.rutherford.org/articles_db/press_release.asp?article_id=870
.

4
.  Rachel L. Swarns,
Senator? Terrorist? A Watch List Stops Kennedy at Airport,
N.Y. TIMES,
Aug. 20, 2004,
http://nytimes.com/2004/08/20/national/20flight.html
.

5
.  Sara Kehaulani Goo,
Faulty “No Fly” System Detailed,
WASH. POST,
Oct. 9, 2004,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A18735-2004Oct8.html
.

6
.  
DHS Traveler Redress Inquiry Program,
U.S. DEP’T OF HOMELAND SEC.,
http://www.dhs.gov/files/programs/gc_1169676919316.shtm
.

7
.  
See
Alvarez,
supra
note 1.

8
.  
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GEN., U.S. DEP’T OF JUSTICE, THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION’S TERRORIST WATCHLIST NOMINATION PRACTICES
1 (2009),
http://www.justice.gov/oig/reports/FBI/a0925/final.pdf
[hereinafter
Inspector Gen. Report, Watchlist Practices].

9
.  
See
WILLIAM J. KROUSE
&
BART ELIAS, CONG. RESEARCH SERV.,
RL33645,
TERRORIST WATCHLIST AND AIR PASSENGER PRESCREENING
11 (2009).

10
.  
After Christmas Incident, No-Fly List Nearly Doubled,
USA TODAY,
Mar. 10, 2010,
http://www.usatoday.com/travel/flights/2010-03-10-no-fly-list_N.htm
.

11
.  Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, Pub. L. No. 108–458 § 4071(a)(1), 118 Stat. 3638, 3729 (2004).

12
.  
Five Years After the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act: Stopping Terrorist Travel, Hearing Before the S. Comm. on Homeland Sec. & Govt’l Affairs
111st Cong. 2 (2009) (statement of Timothy J. Healy, Dir., Terrorist Screening Ctr., FBI, U.S. Dep’t of Justice).

13
.  Angela M. Hill & Brian Ross,
U.S. Government Sued by ACLU over No Fly List,
ABC NEWS
(June 30, 2010),
http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/us-government-sued-aclu-fly-list/story?id=11054805
.

14
.  
Unprecedented Release of Government Documents Reveal Confusion and Absence of Policy in Implementing No-Fly Lists, ACLU Says,
ACLU (Oct. 9, 2004),
http://www.aclu.org/national-security/unprecedented-release-government-documents-reveal-confusion-and-absence-policy-imp
.

15
.  
See generally
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GEN., U.S. DEP’T OF JUSTICE, AUDIT OF U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE TERRORIST WATCHLIST NOMINATION PROCESS
(2008),
http://www.justice.gov/oig/reports/plus/a0816/final.pdf
.

16
.  
Inspector Gen. Report, Watchlist Practices, supra
note 8.

17
.  
Mandela Off U.S. Terrorism Watch List,
CNN (July 1, 2008),
http://articles. cnn.com/2008-07-01/world/mandela.watch_1_president-mandela-apartheid-anc?_ s=PM:WORLD
.

18
.  
See
DAVID COLE
&
JULES LOBEL, LESS SAFE, LESS FREE
3-15 (New York: New Press 2007) (critiquing the prevention paradigm).

19
.  
See
BERNARD HARCOURT, AGAINST PREDICTION
(Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press 2007).

20
.  Jeanne Meserve,
Name on Government Watch List Threatens Pilot’s Career,
CNN
(Aug. 22, 2008, 10:07
A.M.
),
http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/08/22/pilot.watch.list/
.

21
.  Mike McIntire,
Ensnared by Error on Growing U.S. Watch List,
N.Y. TIMES,
Apr. 6, 2010,
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/07/us/07watch.html?pagewanted=all
.

22
.  Scherfen v. U.S. Dep’t of Homeland Sec., No. 3:CV-08-1554, 2010 U.S. Dist. Lexis 8336 (M.D. Pa. Feb. 2, 2010).

23
.  
Statement by Rebecca Gordon and Jan Adams,
ACLU (Apr. 23, 2003),
http://www.aclu.org/files/FilesPDFs/042203-statement-nofly.pdf
.

24
.  
Cf.
Gilmore v. Gonzales, 435 F.3d 1125, 1132 (9th Cir. 2006),
cert. denied,
549 U.S. 1110 (2007) (government refused to concede whether a written order or directive requiring identification existed, or if it did, who issued it or what it said).

25
.  McIntire,
supra
note 21.

26
.  Ibrahim v. U.S. Dep’t of Homeland Sec., No. C 06-00545 WHA, 2009 U.S. Dist. Lexis 122598, at *3–4 (N.D. Cal. Dec. 17, 2009).

27
.  Ibrahim v. U.S. Dep’t of Homeland Sec., No. C 06-00545 WHA, 2009 U.S. Dist. Lexis 64619 (N.D. Cal July 27, 2009).

28
.  Complaint at 3, Green et al. v. Transp. Sec. Admin., No. CV04-0763 (W.D. Wash. Apr. 6, 2004),
http://www.aclu.org/national-security/aclu-complaint-no-fly-list-case
.

29
.  
See
NAT’L COMM’N ON TERRORIST ATTACKS UPON THE U.S., THE
9/11
COMMISSION REPORT
385-87 (Washington, DC: USGPO, 2004),
http://www.gpoaccess. gov/911/pdf/fullreport.pdf
[hereafter
9/11 Commission Report].

30
.  Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, Pub. L. No. 108–458, § 4012(a)(1)(C)(iii)(II), 118 Stat. 3638, 3715 (2004) (codified as amended at 49 U.S.C. § 44903(j)(2)(C)(iii)(II)).

31
.  
KROUSE
&
ELIAS,
supra
note 9, at 19.

32
.  
Scherfen,
2010 U.S. Dist. Lexis 8336, at *10.

33
.  
See
Alvarez,
supra
note 1.

34
.  Procedures could be developed to spare people futile, disruptive, and humiliating trips to the airport. One author suggests that people be allowed to visit an airport or embassy before a planned trip, and that federal agents might be willing to share with a lawyer representative who had a security clearance information that is currently being withheld, and thus enable accurate fact-finding. Justin Florence,
Making the No Fly List Fly: A Due Process Model for Terrorist Watch-lists,
115
YALE L.J.
2148 (2006); Justin Florence,
A Better No-Fly List,
WASH. POST,
Jan. 4, 2010,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/03/AR2010010301811.html
.

35
.  
Inspector Gen. Report, Watchlist Practices, supra
note 8, at 82;
Myth Buster: TSA’s Watch List Is More Than One Million People Strong,
TRANSP. SEC. ADMIN.,
http://www.tsa.gov/approach/mythbusters/tsa_watch_list.shtm
.

36
.  
U.S. GOV’T ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE, REPORT TO CONGRESSIONAL REQUESTERS: TERRORIST WATCH LIST SCREENING: OPPORTUNITIES EXIST TO ENHANCE MANAGEMENT OVERSIGHT, REDUCE VULNERABILITIES IN AGENCY SCREENING PROCESSES, AND EXPAND THE USE OF THE LIST
19 (2007),
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d08110.pdf
.

37
.  
Airport Watch List Now Reviewed Often,
WASH. TIMES,
Apr. 11, 2008,
http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/apr/11/airport-watch-list-now-reviewed-often/
.

38
.  
Secure Flight Program,
TRANSP. SEC. ADMIN
,,
http://www.tsa.gov/what_we_do/layers/secureflight
.

39
.  
See
73 Fed. Reg. 64,023–64,024 (Oct. 28, 2008) (codified at 49 C.F.R. sub-pts. 1540, 1544, & 1560) for a list of the information that might be included.

40
.  Hill & Ross,
supra
note 13.

41
.  
See
Complaint, Latif et al. v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice., No. 3:10CV00750 (D. Or. June 30, 2010),
http://www.aclu.org/national-security/latif-et-al-v-holder-et-al-complaint
.

42
.  
See
Daniel J. Steinbock,
Data Matching, Data Mining, and Due Process,
40
GA. L. REV.
1, 17-18 (2005).

43
.  Jeffrey Goldberg,
The Things He Carried,
THE ATLANTIC
(November 2008),
http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200811/airport-security/2
.

44
.  
Quebec Man Changes Name to Dodge Relentless Airport Screening,
CBC NEWS
(Sept. 11, 2008, 10:48
P.M.),
http://www.cbc.ca/canada/montreal/story/2008/09/11/nofly-name.html
.

45
.  Marcus Holmes,
Just How Much Does That Cost, Anyway? An Analysis of the Financial Costs and Benefits of the “No-Fly” List,
5
HOMELAND SEC. AFF. J.,
no. 1, 2009,
http://www.hsaj.org/?article=5.1.6
.

46
.  
9/11 Commission Report, supra
note 29, at 385.

47
.  
Id.
at 390–91.

48
.  H.R. 559, 111st Cong. (1st Sess. 2009).

49
.  Complaint for Damages, George v. TSA, No. 2:10-CV-00586 (E.D. Pa. Feb. 10, 2010),
http://www.aclu.org/national-security/george-v-tsa-complaint-damages
.

50
.  
ACLU Client Steve Bierfeldt’s Detention and Interrogation by the TSA
(audio recording),
http://www.aclu.org/national-security/audio-recording-aclu-client-steve-bierfeldts-detention-and-interrogation-tsa
.

51
.  
TSA Fixes Search Policy After ACLU Sues,
ACLU (Nov. 10, 2009),
http://www.aclu.org/national-security/tsa-fixes-search-policy-after-aclu-sues
.

52
.  Jon Cohen & Ashley Halsey III,
Poll: Nearly Two-Thirds of Americans Support Full-Body Scanners at Airports,
WASH. POST,
Nov. 23, 2010,
http://www.wash-ingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/22/AR2010112205514.html
.

53
.  
TSA Makes Cancer Victim Remove Prosthetic Breast,
CBS NEWS
(Nov. 19, 2010),
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/11/19/national/main7070415.shtml
.

54
.  
Humorist Dave Barry and His TSA Pat-Down,
NPR
(Nov. 15, 2010),
http://www.npr.org/2010/11/15/131338172/humorist-dave-barry-and-the-tsa
.

55
.  David Porter,
For Disabled, Airport Security Hassles Are Old Hat,
ABC NEWS
(Nov. 24, 2010),
http://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory?id=12231458&tqkw=&;tqshow=
.

56
.  Terry Jeffrey,
GAO: “Unclear” If Airport Body Scanners Will Detect Underwear Bombs,
TOWNHALL
(Dec. 19, 2010),
http://townhall.com/columnists/TerryJef-frey/2010/12/09/gao_unclear_if_airport_body_scanners_will_detect_underwear_bombs/page/full/
.

57
.  
See
Leon Kaufman & Joseph W. Carlson,
An Evaluation of Airport X-Ray Backscatter Units Based on Image Characteristics,
4(1)
J. OF TRANSP. SEC.
73 (2011).

58
.  Julie Pace,
Obama Says Understands Ire over Airport Screenings,
SEATTLE TIMES,
Nov. 20, 2010, 9:47
P.M.,
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nation-world/2013484360_presidentairport21.html
.

59
.  Editorial,
Politicizing Airport Security,
N.Y. TIMES,
Nov. 23, 2010,
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/24/opinion/24wed2.html?_r=1
.

60
.  Ralph Nader,
TSA Is Delivering Naked Insecurity,
USA TODAY,
Nov. 17, 2010,
http://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/forum/2010-11-18-column18_ ST1_N.htm
.

61
.  Dave Michaels,
Lawmakers Asking TSA to Reconsider Pat-Down Procedures,
DALLASNEWS.COM
(Nov. 19, 2010, 5:37
P.M.),
http://aviationblog.dallasnews.com/archives/2010/11/lawmakers-asking-tsa-to-recons.html
.

62
.  
See
Jeffrey Rosen,
The TSA Is Invasive, Annoying—and Unconstitutional,
WASH. POST,
Nov. 28, 2010,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/arti-cle/2010/11/26/AR2010112604290.html
.