Tambora: The Eruption That Changed the World (50 page)

BOOK: Tambora: The Eruption That Changed the World
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Post, John,
62

potatoes,
61
,
176
,
180

81
,
192
,
194

95

Poussin, Nicolas,
232

33

poverty: America and,
218
,
226
; Association for the Suppression of Mendicity and,
191

92
; beggars and,
9
,
59
,
61
,
63

65
,
172
,
188

93
,
225
; Carleton’s writings and,
173

74
,
175
,
178
,
180
,
184
,
186
,
188
,
190
,
192
,
194

95
,
196
; homelessness and,
66
,
171
,
182
,
189
,
234
; Ireland and,
172
,
176
,
179

80
,
186

87
,
191
; Irish landlords and,
173
,
185
; panic of 1819 and,
216

26
; Poor Employment Act and,
197
; Sumbawa and,
25
; Yunnan and,
107

precipitation patterns,
49
,
217

prices,
27
; bread,
9
,
61

62
; carbon waste and,
226
; commodity,
179
,
227
; cotton,
221
; flour,
220

21
; grain,
10
,
63
,
110
,
155
,
179

80
,
197

98
,
221
,
222
,
224
; land,
219
; rice,
9
,
105
,
111
; slavery and,
23
; transatlantic trade and,
64
,
138
,
210
,
217
,
222
,
224
,
226
,
228
,
237n5

Pride and Prejudice
(Austen),
95

Prussia,
197

pumice,
17
,
21

22
,
33

pyroclastic flows,
18

20
,
22
,
170

Qing dynasty,
100
,
101
,
105

13
,
117
,
120

Quarterly Review
,
124

25
,
129

30
,
133
,
142
,
146

47

Queen Mab
(P. B. Shelley),
130
,
210

Raffles, Stamford,
37
,
63
,
239n11
; as colonial anthropologist,
29
; East India Company and,
29

30
; famine aid and,
30

31
; Java and,
27

32
,
62
,
240n33
; as “philosopher king,”
27

32
; Singapore and,
24
; slavery and,
23

24
,
239n21

Raffles, Thomas,
62

railroads,
229

raja of Sanggar,
13

20

refugees: climate change and,
216
,
218
; famine and,
63

64
,
98
,
185
,
187

89
;
Frankenstein
and,
64

66

Reign of Terror,
35

Rhône (River),
164

rice,
9

10
; Bengal and,
82
,
90
; selling humans for,
23
; Yunnan and,
71
,
99
,
101

5
,
107

11
,
113
,
119

Ring of Fire,
8

Riot Act,
61

riots: disease and,
94
; famine and,
9

10
,
61

62
,
193

94
; in Ireland,
193
; Lord Liverpool’s response to,
62
; Pentrich Revolution and,
61

62

Robertson, William,
210

Robespierre,
35

Robock, Alan,
40

41

Romanticism,
33

34
,
35
,
76

77
,
95
,
156
,
169

Ross, John,
126
,
131

33
,
141

42
,
148
,
233

Royal Navy,
20
; Arctic and,
121

34
,
141

51
; Barrow and,
121

34
,
141

51
; Buchan and,
126
,
131
,
133
,
141
,
144
; Franklin and,
131

32
,
144

49
,
233
; Lord Melville and,
128
; Nelson and,
128

29
,
144
; northwest passage and,
123
,
125
,
127

29
,
132

34
,
142
,
144

46
,
148

49
; O’Reilly and,
134
; Parry and,
131

32
,
142

48
; Ross and,
126
,
131

33
,
141

42
,
148
,
233

Royal Society,
121
,
128
,
132

Russell, Lord John,
173

74

Russell, Ken,
51

Russia,
48
; agriculture and,
10
,
63
,
198
; Arctic and,
128
,
232
; Bering Strait and,
128
; cholera and,
86
,
92
; grain and,
63
,
198
; immigrants and,
64
; northeast passage and,
128
; typhus and,
183
; von Kotzebue and,
128
,
131
,
141
,
183

rye,
203
,
222

Saint Helens, Mount,
8
,
43

St. John Crèvecoeur,
212

St. John’s Chapel,
51

Sanggar Peninsula,
7
,
13

24
,
170
; raja of,
13

20

Santorini,
44

Schoolcraft, Henry,
219

Scoresby, William:
An Account of the Arctic Regions
and,
126
,
135
,
136
; Arctic and,
125
,
126
,
127

28
,
131

38
,
258n5
; Marine Diver of,
135

38
; polar ice treatise of,
125
; snubbed by Barrow,
126
; whaling and,
125
,
127
,
135

Scotland,
37
,
56
,
62
,
88
,
172

Scott, Robert,
149

Sen, Amartya,
190

Shakespeare, William,
72
,
123

sharif
crop,
81

Shelley, Mary,
47
; Alps tour and,
45

46
,
151

59
,
169

70
,
206
; Arctic and,
124

25
,
131
,
134
,
146

48
; Barrow and,
124

25
,
131
,
146

47
; Bath and,
116
; biographers’ depictions of,
65
; Byron and,
46
,
52
,
54
,
66
,
69
; de Staël and,
34
;
Frankenstein
and,
9
,
45
,
52

55
,
59
,
65

67
,
95

96
,
125
,
142
,
146

49
,
156

57
,
170
,
195
,
197
,
210
,
234
; ghost story contest and,
51
,
57
,
156
; Hunt and,
124

25
;
The Last Man
and,
95

96
; literary friends of,
9
,
51
,
55
; Pompeii and,
33

34
,
37
; reading Buffon,
210
; sisters of,
115
; Switzerland and,
45

46
,
51

52
,
54

55
,
57
,
62
,
151
; Walton character and,
147

Shelley, Percy Bysshe,
9
,
47
; Alps tour and,
45

46
,
151

59
,
169

70
,
206
; beggar children and,
65
; Byron and,
9
; death of,
77
,
95
; de Staël and,
34
; Fanny Godwin and,
116
; ghost story contest and,
51
,
57
,
156
; global warming and,
130
; Medwin and,
76
; “Mont Blanc” and,
153

55
,
157
,
169

71
; near drowning of,
53
; Peacock and,
33
,
153
; poetry of as “satanic,”
139
; Pompeii and,
33
;
Queen Mab
and,
130
,
210
; Switzerland and,
45
,
51

52
,
65

Shelley Circle,
51
,
65

66
,
77
,
152
,
171
,
243n12

“Sigh for Autumn Rain, A” (Li Yuyang),
107

8

Simond, Louis,
154
,
154

55

Sinde (River),
73

76

Singapore,
24

Slave Felony Act,
239n21

slavery,
15

16
,
23

24
,
79
,
95
,
111
,
129
,
211
,
223
,
239n21
,
240n33

Smith, Adam,
30

Smithsonian Institution,
42

43

snow,
1
; agriculture and,
60

61
; Alps and,
151

52
,
154
,
157
,
163
; America and,
200

203
,
205
,
210
,
215
; Arctic and,
130
,
144
,
147
; Howard and,
56

58
; ice core analysis and,
37
,
43

44
,
48
,
241n12
; Pinatubo and,
42
; red,
67
; summer,
98
; Switzerland and,
45

46
; Yunnan and,
98
,
102
,
105
,
115

South Pole,
38
,
48

starvation,
70
,
148
,
233

34
,
239n14
; America and,
138
,
205
,
226
; “Bread or Blood” slogan and,
61
; Byron on,
69
; children and,
5
,
9
,
23
,
25
,
63

65
; eating boots and,
144
; Franklin and,
144

45
; glaciers and,
155
; Germany and,
61
; Ireland and,
172

73
,
181
,
187
,
189
,
194
,
198
; Lord Liverpool’s response to,
62
; Pentrich Revolution and,
61

62
; refugees and,
63

64
,
98
,
185
,
187

89
; Sumbawa and,
19
,
23

24
; Swiss bakers and,
62
; Switzerland and,
61

64
; Yunnan and,
105
,
112
,
113

14

Statham, James,
84

85

Stommel, Elizabeth,
237n5

Stommel, Henry,
237n5

storms,
1
; America and,
200

205
,
227
; Annsville and,
200

201
; Arctic Oscillation and,
50

51
; Bengal and,
80

83
,
99
; Byron and,
68
,
77
; coldness of 1810s and,
39
; Coleridge and,
70
; cyclones,
50
,
80
; floods and,
56
(
see also
floods
);
Frankenstein
and,
9
,
45
,
52

55
,
59
,
91
,
107
,
174
,
227

28
; hail and,
58

59
,
83
,
163
,
179
,
203
,
236
; heat and moisture transfer and,
50
; Howard and,
55

59
; hurricanes,
18
,
32
,
58
; Iceland and,
50

51
; Ireland and,
176
,
177
,
179
; lightning and,
53

54
,
57

59
,
115
,
179
; London and,
60
; Masters and,
54
; meteorology and,
54
(
see also
meteorology
); monsoons,
22
,
78

84
,
88

91
,
99
,
102
; northeasters,
46
; Plymouth tree and,
59

60
; Scotland and,
51
; Shelleys and,
9
,
45
,
52

55
,
59
,
77
,
130
; Switzerland and,
46

47
,
51

53
; Tambora-driven,
50

51
,
55

56
; thunderstorms,
50

51
,
54
,
59
,
203
; Yunnan and,
115

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