The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Isreal and the Origin of Sacred Texts (63 page)

kings of (lists),
20
,
171
,
218
–19

under Jeroboam II,
206
,
207
,
209
,
210
–
11
,
212

population expansion in,
207
–
9

prophetic protest against,
212
–
14

Aram and,
39

Judah and,
39
–
40
,
230

kings of (list),
20

religious practice in,
247

southern kingdom (Judah) compared with,
149
–
68

Deuteronomistic History on,
167
–
68

Egyptian textual evidence,
154
–
55

environmental and topographical features,
155
–
58

prophecies and,
162
–
67

state formation,
158
–
59

Noth, Martin,
91

Nuzi tablets,
322
–
23

Old City of Jerusalem,
132

Old Testament.
See
Hebrew Bible

Olive oil industry,
159

Judah (
705
–
639
BCE
) and,
268
–
70
,
273

Omri, king of Israel,
169
,
170
,
171
,
172

Omride dynasty,
169
–
95

archaeological records of,
180
–
86

from Ataroth,
190

from Dan,
184
,
203
,
204

from Gezer,
188
,
189

from Hazor,
184
–
85
,
187
–
88
,
189

from Jahaz,
190
–
91

from Megiddo,
182
–
89
,
193
–
94

from Samaria,
179
,
180
–
83
,
189

underground water tunnels,
184
–
86

Assyria and,
178
–
79
,
196
–
97

biblical account of,
169
,
172
–
75
,
194
–
95
,
201

inconsistencies in,
175
–
76

Canaanite city-states and,
193
–
94

monarchical structure of,
187
–
88

multi-ethnic society of,
191
–
94

rise and fall of,
170
–
75

“Solomonic” gates and palaces

attributed to,
186
–
87
,
189
–
90
,
202
–
3

territorial holdings of,
178
,
190
,
191

Oren, Eliezer,
61

Othniel,
99

Palestine,
354

Pan-Israelite ideal,
46
n,
283
–
85

Canaanite conquest and,
92
,
94
–
96

in Patriarchal narratives,
44

Passover sacrifice,
280

Pastoral nomadism,
320
,
321
,
334
–
35

Patriarchal age,
27
–
47

Abraham,
8
,
27
,
28
–
30
,
43
,
44

as Amorite,
320
–
21

failed search for historical,
33
–
36

post-exilic Yehud and story of,
312

war with Mesopotamian kings,
46
n

historicity of,
33
–
35
,
319
–
25

Amorite hypothesis,
319
–
21

Isaac,
8
,
27
,
29
–
30
,
31
,
35
,
43

Jacob,
27
,
30
–
33
,
35
,
40
,
43

as father of twelve tribes,
8
–
9

Laban and,
39

as pious “prehistory” of Israel,
45
,
46

sites connected with,
29

tombs of patriarchs in Hebron,
44
n,
312

Patriarchal narratives,
70

anachronisms in,
36
–
38

Canaanite peoples and places mentioned in,
32

dating controversy over,
36
–
38

E version of,
45

J version of,
45

as living map of ancient Near East,
38
–
40

Pan-Israelite idea in,
44

on peoples of desert and Eastern empires,
41
–
43

Peaceful infiltration theory of Israelite origins,
102
,
329
–
33
,
335

critique of,
103
–
4

Peasant revolt theory of Israelite origins,
104
–
5
,
333
–
39

archaeological context of,
333
–
35

Pekah, king of Israel,
199
,
214
–
15
,
219
,
233

Pekahiah, king of Israel,
199
,
219

Pelethites,
144

Pentateuch,
6
,
7
,
280

authorship of,
10
–
13

earliest source of,
22
–
23

epic of Judah created by,
283
–
84

J source of,
46
–
47

Priestly (P) source of,
12
,
42
n,
45
n,
310

source documents of,
12
–
13

Persia

Judahite exiles and,
308

rebuilding of Temple of Jerusalem and,
299
–
300

Philistia,
89

Philistine pottery,
141

Davidic conquests as evidenced in,
340
–
41

Philistines,
125
,
127
,
160
,
324

Israelites vs.,
134
–
35

in patriarchal narratives,
37
–
38

Pi-Ramesses, city of (Raamses),
56
,
57
,
59

Pithom,
59
,
66

Polytheism in Judah,
240
–
43
,
264
–
65

Pork, ban on,
119
–
20

Priestly source (P) in Pentateuch,
12
,
42
n,
45
n,
310

Pr-Itm,
59

Proto-Aeolic capitals,
181
,
182
–
83
,
189

Psammetichus I, pharaoh,
66
,
69
,
281
–
82
,
289
,
350

Pul, King.
See
Tiglath-pileser III, king of Assyria

Qarqar, battle of (
853
BCE
),
211

Qasile, Tel,
134

Qedarites,
41
,
67

Raamses, city of (Pi-Ramesses),
56
,
57
,
59

Rachel,
31

Radiocarbon dating,
141

Rahab (harlot),
73

Ramesses I, pharaoh,
56

Ramesses II, pharaoh,
57
,
65
,
78
,
85

Ramesses III, pharaoh,
87
–
88
,
341

Ramesses VI, pharaoh,
90

Ramesside pharaohs,
76
n

Rebecca,
29
–
31
,
40

Redactors,
12

Redford, Donald,
65
–
66
,
67
,
68
–
69

Red Sea, parting of,
51

Rehoboam, king of Judah,
151
,
152
,
231
–
32
,
236
,
240

forts built by,
235

Rehov, city of,
161

Rehov, Tel,
142
,
160

Reuben,
31
–
33
,
98

Rezin, king of Damascus,
215
,
233
–
34

Robinson, Edward,
15
–
16

Rosen, Baruch,
110

Rosetta Stone,
16

“R” passages,
12

Saint Catherine Monastery,
326
–
27

Saite Dynasty,
6

Samaria,
215

architectural similarities with Megiddo,
343

dynastic upheavals at,
214
–
15

Omride dynasty and,
172
,
179
,
180
–
83
,
189

population of,
191
–
92

rebuilding of Temple of Jerusalem and,
299

repopulation of,
220

sieges of,
203

by Assyrians,
199
,
217
–
20

site of,
179
,
180
–
83

Samaria ostraca,
207
,
212

Samson,
98
,
100

Samuel (prophet),
11
,
124
–
25

Sarah,
28
–
30

Sargon II, king of Assyria,
211
,
217
–
20
,
221
,
230
,
250
,
267

Satrapies,
354

Saul, king of Israel,
123
,
125
–
26
,
131
,
150

Schliemann, Heinrich,
85

Seal impressions