The Crusades: The Authoritative History of the War for the Holy Land (90 page)

patriarch of, 9

expelled, 117

punitive raids against, 281

rejuvenation of, 252

remarkable prosperity in 13th century enjoyed by, 547

Roger of Salerno takes power in, 153–4

Saladin’s 1188

attack on, 396

scholars gather in, 184

Siege of, first, 61–74

Siege of, second, and Battle of, 74–82

famine during, 76–7

Tancred takes command of, 137

Tancred takes up regency of, 120

Antiochus, 63

Apamea, 153, 157, 166, 240, 242, 243

Aqaba, 159, 279, 324–5

Gulf of, 324

Aqtay, 594, 606, 612

Aquitaine, 207, 257, 372, 376–7, 384

Arabia, 19, 160, 325

Arabian Peninsular, 18, 19, 281

Arabic numerals, 666

Arab–Israeli conflict, 677, 678

Aragon, 649

al-Arish, 306, 324

Armenia, 421, 541, 559, 614, 635

Armenians, 23, 60, 66, 104, 137

marriage between Greeks and, 177–8

Arnulf of Chocques, 87, 92, 103–4, 117, 127

patriarch designate of Jerusalem, 103

reinstatement of, 120

Arqa, 86, 87, 148, 150

Arsuf, 90, 116, 117, 123, 632, 633

Baldwin I finds safety in, 132–3

Battle of, 466–76

significance of, 474–6

Forest of, 466

Saladin orders demolition of, 423

Artah, 139, 141, 259

Battle of, 142

Arthur, King, 374

Artois, 447

Artuqids, 157, 237

Asad, Hafez, 678

Asadiyya, 276

Ascalon, 104, 105–6, 117, 120, 125, 128, 130, 133, 135, 236, 251–2, 268, 306–7, 393, 453, 501, 502

Richard I’s insistence on keeping, 511

Richard I’s plan to seize, 479

Richard I’s rebuilding of, 492, 496, 511

Saladin’s razing of, 477, 478, 480

submission of, 354

al-Ashraf, 540, 554, 561

al-Ashraf Khalil, 652–5

Ashtara, 344,

Ashur, Sa‘id, 677

Asia Minor, 16, 22, 26, 34, 47, 50, 55, 74, 112, 218, 219, 257, 339, 382, 420, 531, 614, 627

Baybars’ attack on, 645

Crusade of 1101

crosses, 107

First Crusade’s armies amass in, 52

First Crusade crosses, 56–61

Greek recapturing of, 27

Kilij Arslan II’s ambitions in, 317

in Muslim histories, 112

Second Crusade crosses, 216

western, 218, 305

Askanian Lake, 53, 55

Assassins, 2, 156, 241, 245, 294–6, 495, 645

atabegs, 135
n

al-Atharib, 152, 165

Aubery Clements, 440

Augustus Caesar, 48, 670

Austria, 551

Ayas the Tall, 456

Ayn al-Daulah, 272, 274

Ayn Jalut, 327, 328

Battle of, 616–19

Ayyub ibn Shadi, 192, 230, 248, 275–6

Ayyubid dynasty/empire, 275, 339–40, 514, 647

conflict limited by, 611

decline of, 589, 622

intelligence system of, 416

post-Saladin fate of, 540–1

strategy of, in 1192, 499–501

al-Azimi, 28, 112

Baalbek, 192, 230, 246, 249, 292, 309, 619

al-Babayn, 270

Baghdad, 20, 26, 66, 112, 191, 321, 615

Great Seljuq Sultanate of, 22

relief force raised by, 72

Tughrul appointed sultan of, 21

Baghras, 170, 396

Baha al-Din Ibn Shaddad, 286–7, 396–7, 407, 408, 410, 414, 422, 431, 434, 439, 452–3, 485

during Richard I’s march from Acre and Battle of Arsuf, 464, 465, 466, 470, 471, 475

on Saladin’s final illness, 514

during Third Crusade’s second advance on Jerusalem, 505, 506–7

Baldric of Bourgueil, 109, 110

Baldwin I, king of Jerusalem (Baldwin of Boulogne), 45–6, 52, 60–1, 69, 116–17, 118–36, 146, 148–9, 150–1, 154–6, 157, 575

Acre besieged by, 124

anointed first king of Jerusalem, 120

autocratic rule of, 174

Caesarea attacked by, 123–4

council of arbitration called by, 150

declared new ruler of Jerusalem, 119

fake death of, 133

Fatimid raiding party attacks, 122

flight of, from Ramla, 132

forceful governance displayed by, 126

general council convened by, 149

Genoese fleet and, 122–3

illness and death of, 160

last years of, 159–60, 162

Maudud and Tughtegin’s lightning assault on, 155

Sidon besieged by, 125

Baldwin II, king of Jerusalem (Baldwin of Bourcq), 119, 146–7, 149, 150–1, 158, 166, 172, 243

Antioch’s losses recouped by, 167

autocratic rule of, 174

Battle of Harran and, 138–9

captive, 139, 146, 167

count of Edessa, 138

daughters of, 173

death of, 168, 173

Jerusalem crown assumed by, 163

tax cuts by, 183

Baldwin III, king of Jerusalem, 173, 243, 245–6, 247, 251–3, 254, 255

death of, 256–7

invasion of Nile region threatened by, 268

Theodora marries, 254

Baldwin IV, king of Jerusalem, 299–305, 306, 310–14, 318–19, 323, 368

choice of new heir to, 328–9

death of, 332

early reign of, 303–4

leprosy suffered by, 301–3, 326, 331

rift between Guy of Lusignan and, 329, 332

Baldwin V, king of Jerusalem, 303, 328–9

death of, 342

Baldwin, archbishop of Caesarea, 124

Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, 372, 424

Baldwin of Carew, 472

Baldwin of Flanders (later Emperor), 527, 531–2

crowned sovereign of Romania, 530

Baldwin of Ibelin, 323, 342

Balearic Islands, 200

Balian of Ibelin, 350, 356–7, 358, 360, 361, 492, 512

Baltic, 197, 211, 212, 213, 533, 541

Livs of, 532

Banyas, 167, 193, 234, 253, 260, 270, 289, 290

siege of, 299

Barada River, 234

Baraka, 626, 646, 647

barid
(postal system), 625

Barin, 193

Barons’ Crusade, 573–4, 580

Bartholomew, Peter, 77–8, 83–4

trial by fire of, 87

visionary ravings of, 86–7

Basel, 209

Basil of Ani, 422

Basilius, 174

Baybars, 2, 606, 612–13, 618, 620–39, 641–7, 665, 670

Antioch sacked by, 636–7

appointed commander, 619

becomes sultan, 621

illness and death of, 646

war against Franks by, 630–7

Beatrice of Edessa, 237

Beaufort, 397, 398

Beaulieu, Fulk’s monastery at, 12

Bedouins, 23

Beirut, 125, 319, 320, 354, 412, 416, 433, 448, 538, 649, 656

Jean of Ibelin awarded lordship of, 539