The Defence of the Realm (195 page)

5
 Security Service Archives. While stationed at the Centre in the FCD Third Department (whose responsibilities included Britain), Gordievsky had learned, after the exposure in London of Blunt as the ‘Fourth Man', that Cairncross had been the fifth. In 1981, while editing a history of the Third Department, he discovered that Cairncross's achievements as a Soviet agent had been comparable to those of Philby, Burgess and Maclean.

6
 Cairncross, who had already been named as a Soviet spy, was first publicly identified as the Fifth Man in Andrew and Gordievsky,
KGB
, published in 1990.

7
 See above,
p. 542
.

8
 Security Service Archives.

9
 Stonehouse,
Ralph
. Andrew and Gordievsky,
KGB
,
pp. 522
–
3
.

10
 Security Service Archives.

11
 Security Service Archives.

12
 Chapman Pincher, ‘Minister Sold our Concorde Secrets to KGB',
Daily Express
, 16 Jan. 2006.

13
 Christopher Andrew, interview with Dame Stella Rimington, Sept. 2001.

14
 Security Service Archives.

15
 Andrew and Gordievsky (eds),
Instructions from the Centre
, ch. 4.

16
 Security Service Archives. Francis Pym, then Foreign Secretary, was also indoctrinated on 23 December 1982.

17
 Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
,
pp. 349
–
50
.

18
 Security Service Archives.

19
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

20
 Security Service Archives.

21
 Security Service Archives.

22
 Security Service Archives. See above,
pp. 536
,
657
.

23
 Gordievsky,
Next Stop Execution
,
pp. 285
–
6
.

24
 Security Service Archives.

25
 Security Service Archives.

26
 Security Service Archives.

27
 Gordievsky,
Next Stop Execution
,
pp. 286
–
7
.

28
 Security Service Archives.

29
 Security Service Archives.

30
 Pincher,
Their Trade is Treachery
.

31
 See above,
pp. 518
–
19
.

32
 Andrew and Gordievsky,
KGB
,
p. 27
.

33
 Security Service Archives.

34
 Security Service Archives.

35
 Security Service Archives.

36
 Security Service Archives. See above,
p. 578
.

37
 On Prime's own assessment of the ideological element in his motivation, see above,
p. 578
.

38
 By beginning its analysis in 1952, the brief omitted Burgess, Maclean and the main atom spies – all of whose motives were primarily ideological.

39
 Security Service Archives.

40
 Gordievsky originally supposed that KOBA was a codename applied by the Centre to the anonymous author of the letter; Security Service Archives. When he became resident-designate in the spring of 1985 and gained access to Bettaney's letters to Guk, however, he discovered that Bettaney had signed himself ‘Koba'.

41
 Andrew and Gordievsky,
KGB
,
pp. 585
–
7
. Gordievsky,
Next Stop Execution
,
pp. 249
–
52
.

42
 Security Service Archives.

43
 Security Service Archives. Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

44
 Security Service Archives.

45
 Security Service Archives.

46
 Security Service Archives. The use of ELMEN meant that the reports did not go into the files used for other Gordievsky reports and thus restricted knowledge of the lead even further.

47
 Security Service Archives.

48
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

49
 Security Service Archives.

50
 Security Service Archives.

51
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer. Security Service Archives.

52
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

53
 Security Service Archives.

54
 Security Service Archives.

55
 Security Service Archives.

56
 Security Service Archives.

57
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

58
 Security Service Archives.

59
 On 27 July DG and Director K discussed the ELMEN case with Sir Robert Armstrong and the PUS at the Home Office, and reported that, though the case had been solved, there was still no evidence on which to base a prosecution. Security Service Archives.

60
 Security Service Archives.

61
 Security Service Archives.

62
 Security Service Archives.

63
 After returning from leave on 10 August, Gordievsky reported that G. F. Titov, head of the FCD Third Department (whose responsibilities included the UK), shared Guk's view that Bettaney's letters were a British provocation. Security Service Archives.

64
 Security Service Archives.

65
 Security Service Archives.

66
 Security Service Archives.

67
 Security Service Archives.

68
 Security Service Archives.

69
 Security Service Archives.

70
 Security Service Archives.

71
 Security Service Archives.

72
 Security Service Archives. DDG made clear that Bettaney's assumption was correct: there could be no offer of immunity from prosecution in return for a full confession.

73
 Recollection of a former Security Service officer. Security Service Archives.

74
 Security Service Archives.

75
 Security Service Archives.

76
 Security Service Archives.

77
 Security Service Archives.

78
 Security Service Archives.

79
 Security Service Archives.

80
 Security Service Archives.

81
 Security Service Archives.

82
 Security Service Archives.

83
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

84
 Andrew and Gordievsky (eds),
Instructions from the Centre
,
pp. 69
–
73
.

85
 Ibid.,
pp. 95
–
8
.

86
 Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
,
pp. 349
–
50
. At the time CIA analysts were more sceptical. Andrew,
For the President's Eyes Only
,
pp. 476
–
7
.

87
 Andrew and Gordievsky,
KGB
,
pp. 582
–
605
. Andrew and Gordievsky (eds),
Instructions from the Centre
, ch. 4. On US response to Gordievsky's intelligence, see Andrew,
For the President's Eyes Only
,
pp. 476
–
7
.

88
 ‘Russian Ignored Bettaney “Letter Boxes”, Jury Told',
The Times
, 11 April 1984. Report of the Security Commission, May 1985, Cmnd 9514.

89
 Security Service Archives. As a Line KR officer, Guk was not really au fait with Line PR work.

90
 Security Service Archives.

91
 Security Service Archives.

92
 Security Service Archives.

93
 Security Service Archives.

94
 Gordievsky,
Next Stop Execution
,
p. 270
.

95
 Security Service Archives.

96
 Security Service Archives.

97
 Security Service Archives.

98
 Gordievsky,
Next Stop Execution
,
pp. 310
–
11
.

99
 Thatcher,
Downing Street Years
,
p. 461
.

100
 Gordievsky,
Next Stop Execution
,
pp. 310
–
11
,
317
–
18
. Gordievsky's appointment as resident-designate was complicated by premature announcement of it at an FCD conference in January 1985.

101
 Security Service Archives.

102
 Gordievsky,
Next Stop Execution
,
pp. 318
–
19
.

103
 The instructions from the Centre to the London residency on the £8,000 payment to DARIO are published in Andrew and Gordievsky (eds),
Instructions from the Centre
,
pp. 61
–
3
.

104
 Gordievsky,
Next Stop Execution
,
p. 315
. Andrew and Gordievsky,
KGB
,
p. 34
. Gordievsky was informed about the recall of the illegals after his return to Moscow by an FCD colleague who was unaware that he was under suspicion.

105
 Gordievsky,
Next Stop Execution
, ch. 1. Andrew and Gordievsky,
KGB
,
pp. 28
–
35
.

106
 Gordievsky,
Next Stop Execution
,
p. 346
.

107
 Security Service Archives.

108
 Security Service Archives.

109
 Gordievsky,
Next Stop Execution
,
pp. 350
–
52
. Leila Gordievsky and their two daughters, Anna and Maria, were finally allowed to leave Russia after the failure of the hardline coup of August 1991.

110
 Security Service Archives.

111
 Security Service Archives.

112
 Security Service Archives.

113
 Security Service Archives.

114
 Security Service Archives.

115
 Security Service Archives.

116
 Security Service Archives.

117
 Security Service Archives.

118
 Security Service Archives.

119
 Rimington,
Open Secret
,
p. 186
.

120
 Security Service Archives.

121
 Security Service Archives.

122
 Security Service Archives. On 19 November 2005 the Czech newspaper
Dnes
reported that Jelínek was to publish his memoirs.

123
 Security Service Archives.

124
 Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
,
pp. 349
–
50
. On Gordievsky's meetings with Margaret Thatcher, see Gordievsky,
Next Stop Execution
,
pp. 368
–
72
.

125
 Security Service Archives.

126
 Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
pp. 548
–
53
.

127
 See above,
pp. 583
–
5
.

128
 Security Service Archives.

129
 During the early 1980s statistics on Soviet S&T were obtained by a French agent in FCD Directorate T, Vladimir Vetrov (codenamed FAREWELL). Hanson,
Soviet Industrial Espionage
. Andrew and Mitrokhin,
Mitrokhin Archive
,
pp. 618
–
20
.

130
 Security Service Archives.

131
 Security Service Archives.

132
 Security Service Archives.

133
 Security Service Archives.

134
 Security Service Archives.

135
 Security Service Archives.

136
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

137
 See above,
pp. 583
–
5
.

138
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

Chapter 10: Counter-Terrorism and Protective Security in the Later 1980s

1
 Rimington,
Open Secret
,
pp. 219
–
20
.

2
 Security Service Archives.

3
 Security Service Archives.

4
 Security Service Archives. On the attempted assassination of Argov, see above,
pp. 690
–
91
.

5
 Security Service Archives.

6
 
Der Spiegel
, 14 Oct. 1985. ‘Abu Nidal, a hired gun who turned on himself',
The Times
, 20 Aug. 2002.

7
 Security Service Archives.

8
 The Service acknowledged in 1988 that it had still not discovered whether Abu Nidal had established ‘a structure' in Britain. Security Service Archives.