The Invention of News: How the World Came to Know About Itself (73 page)

31.
Allyson Creasman,
Censorship and Civic Order in Reformation Germany, 1517–1648
(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2012), pp. 27–30, 73.

32.
Ibid., p. 106.

33.
Ibid., pp. 147–84. See also on the Calendar controversies C. Scott Dixon, ‘Urban Order and Religious Coexistence in the German Imperial City: Augsburg and Donauwörth, 1548–1608’,
Central European History
(2007), 40, pp. 1–33.

34.
Alexander J. Fisher, ‘Song, Confession and Criminality: Trial Records as Sources for Popular Music Culture in Early Modern Europe’,
Journal of Musicology
, 18 (2001), pp. 616–57.

35.
Creasman,
Censorship and Civic Order
.

36.
Allyson F. Creasman, ‘Lies as Truth: Policing Print and Oral Culture in the Early Modern City’, in Marjorie Plummer and Robin Barnes (eds),
Ideas and Cultural Margins in Early Modern Germany
(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2009), pp. 255–70.

37.
Tessa Watt,
Cheap Print and Popular Piety, 1550–1640
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991); Natasha Würzbach,
The Rise of the English Street Ballad, 1550–1650
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Christopher Marsh,
Music and Society in Early Modern England
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010).

38.
Marsh,
Music and Society
, p. 255.

39.
Ibid., p. 251.

40.
Nancy Lyman Roelker,
The Paris of Henry of Navarre as Seen by Pierre de L'Estoile
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1958).

41.
Patricia Fumerton and Anit Guerrini, ‘Introduction: Straws in the Wind’, in their
Ballads and Broadsides in Britain, 1500–1800
(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2010), p. 1.

42.
Marsh,
Music and Society
, pp. 245–6.

43.
Ibid., p. 246.

44.
Alan Everitt, ‘The English Urban Inn, 1560–1760’, in idem,
Perspectives in English Urban History
(London: Macmillan, 1973), pp. 91–137, here p. 93; see also Peter Clark,
The English Alehouse: A Social History, 1200–1830
(London: Longman, 1983).

45.
Peter Spufford,
Power and Profit: The Merchant in Medieval Europe
(London: Thames and Hudson, 2002), pp. 205–6.

46.
Everitt, ‘English Urban Inn’, pp. 104–5.

47.
Beat Kümin,
Drinking Matters: Public Houses and Social Exchange in Early Modern Central Europe
(London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), p. 121.

48.
Ibid.

49.
Ibid., pp. 134–5.

50.
Famously, the White Horse Tavern in Cambridge. Elisabeth Leedham-Green,
A Concise History of the University of Cambridge
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), p.44.

51.
M. Kobelt-Groch, ‘Unter Zechern, Spielern und Häschern. Täufer im Wirtshaus’, in N. Fischer and M. Kobelt-Groch (eds),
Aussenseiter zwischen Mittelalter und Neuzeit
(Leiden: Brill, 1997), pp. 111–26.

52.
See here particularly Tom Scott,
Freiburg and the Breisgau: Town–-Country Relations in the Age of Reformation and Peasants’ War
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986).

53.
Hans-Christoph Rublack (ed.), ‘The Song of Contz Anahans: Communication and Revolt in Nördlingen, 1525’, in R. Po-Chia Hsia (ed.),
The German People and the Reformation
(Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1988), pp. 108–9.

54.
For the sheer dogged persistence of Inquisition interrogations, see especially Clive Griffin,
Journeymen-Printers, Heresy and the Inquisition in Sixteenth-Century Spain
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).

55.
Guarinonius quoted by Kümin,
Drinking Matters
, p. 129.

56.
Michael Frank, ‘Satan's Servants or Authorities’ Agent? Publicans in Eighteenth-Century Germany’, in Beat Kümin and B. Ann Tlusty (eds),
The World of the Tavern: Public Houses in Early Modern Europe
(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2002), p. 32. See also B. Ann Tlusty,
Bacchus and Civic Order: The Culture of Drink in Early Modern Germany
(Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2001).

57.
Fox,
Oral and Literate Culture
, p. 364.

58.
Ibid., p. 369.

59.
Adam Fox, ‘Rumour, News and Popular Political Opinion in Elizabethan and Early Stuart England’,
Historical Journal
, 40 (1997), pp. 597–620; Rebecca Lemon,
Treason by Words: Literature, Law, and Rebellion in Shakespeare's England
(Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2006).

60.
Fox, ‘Rumour’, p. 599.

61.
Fox,
Oral and Literate Culture
, p. 341.

62.
Claude Holyband,
The French Littelton
(London: Richard Field, 1593), pp. 46–7. STC 6742. USTC 75635.

63.
Fox, ‘Rumour’, p. 601.

64.
Carolyn Muessig (ed.),
Preacher, Sermon and Audience in the Middle Ages
(Leiden: Brill, 2002).

65.
Above, Chapter 3.

66.
See especially Larissa Taylor (ed.),
Preachers and People in the Reformations and Early Modern Period
(Leiden: Brill, 2001); Pettegree,
Reformation and the Culture of Persuasion
, Chapter 2.

67.
Pettegree,
Reformation and the Culture of Persuasion
, p. 18.

68.
Ibid., pp. 24–5. For an account of the surprising consequences that sometimes followed from this sermon tourism see the account of Florimond de Raemond in Alastair Duke, Gillian Lewis and Andrew Pettegree (eds),
Calvinism in Europe: A Collection of Documents
(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992), pp. 37–8.

69.
A good example from his sermons on Micah is transcribed in Duke, Lewis and Pettegree (eds),
Calvinism in Europe
, pp. 30–34.

70.
William G. Naphy,
Calvin and the Consolidation of the Genevan Reformation
(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994), pp. 159, 161.

71.
Heiko Oberman,
Luther: Man between God and the Devil
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992), pp. 3–12.

72.
Arnold Hunt,
The Art of Hearing: English Preachers and their Audiences, 1590–1640
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), p. 106. For the expedition as a news events see Chapter 9.

73.
A point demonstrated convincingly by Hunt,
The Art of Hearing
, pp. 150–4. For the highly politicised sermons of seventeenth-century England see Tony Clayton, ‘The Sermon, the “Public Sphere” and the Political Culture of Late Seventeenth-Century England’, in L. A.
Ferrell and P. McCullough (eds),
The English Sermon Revised: Religious Literature and History, 1600–1750
(Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2001), pp. 208–34.

74.
Millar MacLure,
The Paul's Cross Sermons, 1534–1642
(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1958); idem,
Register of Sermons Preached at Paul's Cross, 1534–1642
(Ottawa: Dovehouse editions, 1989).

75.
Hunt,
The Art of Hearing
, p. 212. On the highly political and topical character of Paul's Cross sermons, see Lake and Questier,
Antichrist's Lewd Hat
, pp. 335–76.

76.
Emily Michelson, ‘An Italian Explains the English Reformation’, in Michelson et al. (eds),
A Linking of Heaven and Earth
(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2012), pp. 33–48.

77.
Hunt,
The Art of Hearing
, Chapter 1.

78.
Ibid., p. 64.

79.
Margo Todd,
The Culture of Protestantism in Early Modern Scotland
(London: Yale University Press, 2002), pp. 28–48.

Chapter 7 Triumph and Tragedy

1.
Iain Fenlon,
The Ceremonial City: History, Memory and Myth in Renaissance Venice
(New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 2007).

2.
Margaret Meserve, ‘News from Negroponte: Politics, Popular Opinion and Information Exchange in the First Decade of the Italian Press’,
Renaissance Quarterly
, 59 (2006), pp. 440–80; Robert Schwoebel,
The Shadow of the Crescent: The Renaissance Image of the Turk (1453–1517)
(Nieuwkoop: De Graaf, 1967); Carl Göllner,
Turcica. Die europäischen Türkendrucke des XVI Jahrhunderts
, 3 vols (Bucharest: Academiei, 1961–78).

3.
Above, Chapter 3.

4.
Margaret Meserve,
Empires of Islam in Renaissance Historical Thought
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008).

5.
Albert Ganado and Maurice Agius-Vadalà,
A Study in Depth of 143 Maps Representing the Great Siege of Malta of 1565
(Valetta: Bank of Valetta, 1994).

6.
Henry Kamen,
Philip of Spain
(New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 1997), p. 139.

7.
Geoffrey Parker,
The Grand Strategy of Philip II
(New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 1998), p. 19, and see below for Philip's pattern of work.

8.
Fenlon,
Ceremonial City
.

9.
Barbarics Zsuzsa and Renate Pieper, ‘Handwritten Newsletters as a Means of Communication in Early Modern Europe’, in Francisco Bethercourt and Florike Egmond,
Correspondence and Cultural Exchange in Europe, 1400–1700
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), pp. 75–6.

10.
Göllner,
Turcica
, vol. 2, no. 1,396.

11.
Listed ibid., vol. 2.

12.
Ibid., nos 1,435–1,439.

13.
Interestingly, both those listed by Göllner are based on lost originals.

14.
Basel, Ulm, Nuremberg, Leipzig and Breslau. Göllner,
Turcica
, nos 1398–1404, 1448, 1477–1496.

15.
Zurich ZB: PAS II 24/17.

16.
Barbara Diefendorf,
Beneath the Cross: Catholics and Huguenots in Sixteenth-Century Paris
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1991). For the provincial massacres and recantations, Philip Benedict,
Rouen during the Wars of Religion
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981).

17.
Robert M. Kingdon,
Myths about the St Bartholomew's Day Massacre
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988).

18.
Correspondance de Théodore de Bèze
,
13 (1572)
, ed. Hippolyte Aubert (Geneva: Droz, 1988), no. 938, p. 179; Scott M. Manetsch,
Theodore Beza and the Quest for Peace in France, 1572–1598
(Leiden: Brill, 2000), p. 34.

19.
Manetsch,
Theodore Beza and the Quest for Peace
, p. 34.

20.
Correspondance de Théodore de Bèze
, no. 939.

21.
Donald Kelley,
François Hotman: A Revolutionary's Ordeal
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1973), p. 219.

22.
John Cooper,
The Queen's Agent: Francis Walsingham at the Court of Elizabeth I
(London: Faber & Faber, 2011); Conyers Read,
Mr. Secretary Walsingham and the Policy of Queen Elizabeth
, 3 vols (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1925).

23.
Bertrand de Salignac de La Mothe Fénélon,
Correspondance diplomatique
, ed. T. H. A. Teulet, 7 vols (Paris, 1838–40), V, 21; Conyers Read,
Lord Burghley and Queen Elizabeth
(London: Jonathan Cape, 1960), p. 87.

24.
Read,
Lord Burghley and Queen Elizabeth
, p. 91.

25.
Pierre Hurtubise, ‘Comment Rome apprit la nouvelle du massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy’,
Archivum Historiae Pontificiae
, 10 (1972), pp. 187–209.

26.
Ibid., pp. 198–9.

27.
Kamen,
Philip of Spain
, p. 141.