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Authors: Dante Alighieri

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64. The soul, who is not named in the canto, is Jacopo del Cassero. In 1296, as podestà of Bologna, he opposed the designs of the powerful and ruthless Azzo VIII of Este. In 1298, while en route to Milan to assume the office of podestà there, Jacopo was set upon and brutally murdered by Azzo’s henchmen at Oriago, a town on the river Brenta between Venice and Padova. He is the first of the three speakers in this canto who died a violent death.

75-76. The Antenori’s land is Padova, where Jacopo thought he would be safe.

77. Azzo VIII of Este was the Marquis of Este and Lord of Ferrara, Modena, and Reggio. He died in 1308.

Another soul said: “Oh, may the desire that draws you up the mountain be fulfilled; and you, please help me satisfy my own.

87

I am Buonconte, once from Montefeltro; no one, not even Giovanna, cares for me, and so, I walk ashamed among these souls. ”

90

I said: “What violence—or was it chance?— swept you so far away from Campaldin that no one ever found your burial place?”

93

He said: “Below the Casentino flows the river Archiano, which arises above the convent in the Apennines.

96

Beyond, it takes another name, and there I made my way, my throat an open wound, fleeing on foot, and bloodying the plain.

99

There I went blind. I could no longer speak, but as I died, I murmured Mary’s name, and there I fell and left my empty flesh.

102

Now hear the truth. Tell it to living men: God’s angel took me up, and Hell’s fiend cried: ’O you from Heaven, why steal what is mine?

105

You may be getting his immortal part— and won it for a measly tear, at that, but for his body I have other plans!’

108

88. Buonconte was the son of Guido of Montefeltro (
Inferno
XXVII). In 1289 he led the forces of the Ghibellines of Arezzo against the Florentine Guelphs in the battle of Campaldino. Guido’s side suffered defeat and he was slain. His body was never found.

89. The widow of Buonconte was named Giovanna, and “no one” probably refers to the daughter and brother who survived him.

95. The river Archiano is a tributary of the Arno.

You know how vapor gathers in the air, then turns to water when it has returned to where the cold condenses it as rain.

111

To that ill will, intent on evilness, he joined intelligence and, by that power within his nature, stirred up mist and wind,

114

until the valley, by the end of day, from Pratomagno to the mountain chain, was fogbound. With dense clouds he charged the sky:

117

the saturated air turned into rain; water poured down, and what the sodden ground rejected filled and overflowed the deepest

120

gullies, whose spilling waters came to join and form great torrents rushing violently, relentlessly, to reach the royal stream.

123

Close to its mouth the raging Archiano discovered my cold body—sweeping it into the Arno, loosening the cross

126

I’d made upon my breast in final pain; it dragged me to its banks, along its bed, then swathed me in the shroud of all its spoils. ”

129

“Oh, please, when you are in the world again, and are quite rested from your journey here, ” a third soul, following on the second, said,

132

“Oh, please remember me! I am called Pia. Siena gave me life, Maremma death, as he knows who began it when he put

135

his gem upon my finger, pledging faith. ”

116. Pratomagno was a locale near Arezzo on the Arno, now called Pratovecchio.

CANTO VI

T
HE SOULS OF
those who have died by violence continue to press eagerly upon the Pilgrim. Among them Dante recognizes Benincasa of Laterina; Guccio Tarlati of Pietramala; Federigo Novello; Farinata, son of Marzucco degli Scornigiani; Count Orso of Mangona; and Pierre de la Brosse of Turenne. As he frees himself from this encumbering crowd of shades, the Pilgrim asks Virgil about the power of prayer to affect the will of Heaven. Virgil gives a partial explanation and tells the Pilgrim that he will have to wait until Beatrice gives him a more comprehensive elucidation of the matter. Noting a figure seated in silence not far away, Virgil and the Pilgrim go up to him to ask directions; upon learning that Virgil is a Mantuan by birth, the stranger embraces him. It is the shade of Sordello. At this point there is a break in the action of the poem, and Dante inveighs at length against the evil and corruption of Italy.

The loser, when a game of dice breaks up, despondent, often lingers there as he, learning the hard way, replays all his throws.

3

The crowd leaves with the winner: some in front, some tugging at him from behind, the rest close to his side beg to be recognized.

6

He keeps on going, listening to them all; the ones who get a handout will not push, and this is his protection from the crowd.

9

I was that man caught in a begging throng, turning my face toward one and then the next, buying my way out with my promises.

12

I saw the Aretine who met his death at the revengeful hand of Ghin di Tacco; I saw that soul who drowned giving pursuit.

15

I saw with hands outstretched, imploring me, Federigo Novello, and the Pisan, too, whose death inspired good Marzucco’s strength.

18

I saw Count Orso, and I saw that soul torn from its body, so he said, by hate and envy—not for any wrong he did:

21

Pierre de la Brosse, I mean. And while still here on earth, the Lady of Brabant might well take care lest she end up in fouler flock.

24

Once I had freed myself from all those shades who prayed only that others pray for them and thus quicken their way to bliss, I said:

27

“It seems to me that somewhere in your verse, you, O my Light, deny explicitly the power of prayer to bend the laws of Heaven;

30

13. The Aretine was Benincasa da Laterina, a jurist from Arezzo. Ghin di Tacco (14), motivated by a desire to vindicate the death sentence given to a close relative, perhaps his father or brother, entered Benincasa’s courtroom in disguise, murdered him, and escaped, carrying with him the judge’s head.

15. Guccio Tarlati da Pietramala drowned in the Arno following the battle of either Campaldino or Montaperti.

17. Son of Count Guido Novello, Federigo was killed in 1291 by one of the Guelphs, Bostoli d’Arezzo, in a battle that took place in the Casentino. The Pisan is Farinata, a doctor of law and son of Messer Marzucco degli Scornigiani of Pisa.

18. This line is supposedly a reference to the fortitude of a Francescan Friar Minor (Marzucco), who demonstrated his “strength” by forgiving the murderer of his son, Farinata, “the Pisan” mentioned in the preceding line (17).

19. Count Orso, the son of Napoleone dell’Acerbaia, was viciously murdered by his cousin Alberto di Mangona. Alberto’s father, Alessandro, and Napoleone were brothers who killed each other. Both are punished among the traitors in Caina (
Inferno
XXXII, 55-58).

22-24. Pierre de la Brosse, surgeon and chancellor to Philip III of France, was falsely accused of treachery by Philip’s second wife, Mary of Brabant (23), and was hanged in 1278.

yet these souls ask precisely for such prayers. Does this, then, mean their hopes are all in vain? Or have I failed to understand your words?”

33

And he: “What I once wrote means what it says; yet, if you think about it carefully, you must see that their hopes are not deceived.

36

High justice would in no way be debased if ardent love should cancel instantly the debt these penitents must satisfy.

39

The words of mine you cite apply alone to those whose sins could not be purged by prayer, because their prayers had no access to God.

42

Do not try to resolve so deep a doubt; wait until she shall make it clearer—she, the light between truth and intelligence.

45

You understand me: I mean Beatrice, she will appear upon this mountain top; you will behold her smiling in her bliss. ”

48

I said: “My lord, let us make greater haste: I’m not as tired as I was before; and look! The mountain casts a shadow now. ”

51

“As long as daylight lasts we shall move on, climbing as far as possible, ” he said, “but things are not the way you think they are.

54

Before you reach the top you’ll see the sun come out from where the slope is hiding him, preventing you from casting any shade.

57

45. Beatrice, standing, as it were, “between” Truth (the meaning of prayer) and Intellect (the Pilgrim’s mind), will be able to illuminate fully for him the true meaning of prayer. The matter involves grace, which goes beyond Virgil’s understanding.

But see that spirit stationed over there, all by himself, the one who looks at us;
he
will show us the quickest way to go. ”

60

We made our way toward him. (O Lombard soul, how stately and disdainful you appeared, what majesty was in your steady gaze!)

63

He did not say a word to us, but let us keep on moving up toward him, while he was watching like a couchant lion on guard.

66

But Virgil went straight up to him and asked directions for the best way to ascend. The shade ignored the question put to him,

69

asking of us, instead, where we were born and who we were. My gentle guide began: “Mantua …” And the other, until then

72

all self-absorbed, sprang to his feet and came toward him: “O Mantuan, I am Sordello of your own town”—and the two shades embraced.

75

(Ah, slavish Italy, the home of grief, ship without pilot caught in a raging storm, no queen of provinces—whorehouse of shame!

78

How quick that noble soul was to respond to the mere sound of his sweet city’s name, by welcoming his fellow citizen—

81

while, now, no one within your bounds knows rest from war, and those enclosed by the same wall and moat, even they are at each other’s throats!

84

O wretched Italy, search all your coasts, probe to your very center: can you find within you any part that is at peace?

87

58. This is the spirit of Sordello of Goito. An adventurer and a poet, Sordello was born in the town of Goito, near Mantua, about 1200. Although relatively little is known about his life, it is likely that the wrath he incurred as a result of several episodes with women necessitated his leaving Italy.

What matter if Justinian repaired the bridle—if the saddle’s empty now! The shame would have been less if he had not.

90

You priests who should pursue your holiness, remembering what God prescribes for you, let Caesar take the saddle as he should—

93

see how this beast has grown viciously wild, without the rider’s spurs to set her straight, since you dared take the reins into your hands!

96

O German Albert, you abandon her, allowing her, ungoverned, to run wild. You should have been astride her saddle-bow!

99

Let a just judgment fall down from the stars upon your house: one unmistakable and strange enough to terrify your heir!

102

You and your sire, whom greed for greater wealth holds back up there, have let this come to pass: the garden of the Empire is laid waste.

105

Come see the Cappelletti, callous heart, see the Monaldi, the Montecchi ruined, the Filippeschi fearful of their fate.

108

Come, heartless one, come see your noblemen who suffer; help them heal their wounds; come see how safe it is to dwell in Santafior.

111

Come see your city, Rome, in mourning now, widowed, alone, lamenting night and day: “My Caesar, why have you abandoned me?”

114

Come see how people love each other now! If you cannot be moved to pity us, then come and feel the shame your name has earned!

117

O Jove Supreme, crucified here on earth for all mankind, have I the right to ask if Your just eyes no longer look on us?

120

Or is this part of a great plan conceived in Your deep intellect, to some good end that we are powerless to understand?

123

For all the towns of Italy are filled with tyrants: any dolt who plays the role of partisan can pass for a Marcellus.

126

Florence, my Florence! How happy you must be with this digression, for you’re not involved— thank your resourceful citizens for that!

129

Some men have justice in their hearts; they
think
before they shoot their judgments from the bow— your people merely shoot off words about it!

132

Some men think twice when offered public post; your citizens accept before they’re asked, shouting, “I’ll gladly sacrifice myself!”

135

Rejoice, I say to you, you have good cause, rich as you are, so wise, knowing such peace! The facts bear out the truth of what I say.

138

Athens and Lacedaemon, still well known for ancient laws and civil discipline, showed but the faintest signs of order then

141

compared to you, who plan so cleverly that by the time November is half done the laws spun in October are in shreds.

144

How often within memory have you changed coinage and customs, laws and offices, and members of your body politic!

147

Think back, and if you see the truth, you’ll see that you are like a woman, very sick, who finds no rest on her soft, sumptuous bed,

150

but turns and tosses to escape her pain.)

BOOK: The Portable Dante
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