The United Nations Security Council and War:The Evolution of Thought and Practice since 1945 (128 page)

South Lebanon Army (SLA) 311

Syria’s influence on elections 320–1

SC Res. 128 (1958) 305

SC Res. 1310 (2000) 462

SC Res. 1559 (2004) 32

SC Res. 1595 (2005) 321

SC Res. 1701 (2006) 202

United States 311–12

withdrawal of Israel from South Lebanon 315–17, 321–2

Lee Teng-hui
498

legal system of occupied territories, respect for
584, 586

legitimacy of SC
26–34
see also
decision-making of SC

collective legitimizer of use of force, SC as 26–32

compliance with SC decisions 28, 30, 31, 43, 52, 93, 139, 211, 214, 215, 220–223, 373, 611

dictatorships, participation in SC of 246

enlargement of SC 90

five criteria of legitimacy 90

proper authority, concept of 26–8, 42

reform, proposals for SC 32–4

representativeness as proxy for legitimacy 33

selectivity of action 36

UN Charter, provisions regarding use of force 90

United States, relationship with 51

use of 26–31, 147–9

Levitte, Jean-David
399

Liberia
466–76
see also
UNMIL; UNOMIL

Agenda for Peace
472

arms embargo 471–2, 486

ceasefires 472, 475

Côte d’Ivoire 470–1, 479, 480, 483, 485

Cotonou Accord 472

diamond trade 479, 490

ECOMOG (Economic Community Ceasefire Monitoring Group) 466, 471, 472–4, 486, 487, 491

ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) 467–8, 470–6, 485

elections 475–6

expert panel 221

human rights 472

humanitarian assistance 472–3, 475

Implementation Monitoring Committee 475

internal armed conflicts 468–70, 474

International Contact Group on Liberia 475, 489

mercenaries 475, 634–5

peace agreement 474, 475

peacebuilding offices, establishment of 488, 491–2

peacekeeping operations 469, 471–6, 486, 487–9

reconstruction 475

resources 492

sanctions 211, 221, 479, 490

SC Res. 788 (1992) 472

SC Res. 813 (1993) 446

SC Res. 866 (1993) 472, 527

SC Res. 1020 (1995) 190

SC Res. 1343 (2001) 221, 479

SC Res. 1478 (2003) 635

SC Res. 1497 (2003) 475

SC Res. 1509 (2003) 469, 475, 522

SC Res. 1607 (2005) 635

SC Res. 1667 (2006) 125

Sierra Leone 469

Special Representative 472–3, 475

travel bans 479

UNOMIL (UN Observer Mission in Liberia) 190, 472–4, 489

Libya

great powers, SC and 138–9

Lockerbie 37, 217–18

sanctions 211, 217–18

terrorism

sanctions against 217–18

suspects, handing over 610–11

Lie, Trygve
100–3, 125–6, 270, 301

Linas-Marcoussis Accord
480–2

Lisbon Agreement
(1992) 425

Lloyd, Selwyn
286–7

Lockerbie
37, 217–18

Lodge Jr, Henry Cabot
289–90

Loj, Ellen Margrethe
619

Lomé Accord
(1999) 477, 479

Loncar, Budimir
415

London bombings
(2005) 612, 622–3

Louis, Roger
304–5

Luard, Evan
77, 353

Luck, Edward
34

Lumumba, Patrice
160, 172

Luttwak, Edward
511–12, 514

MacArthur, Douglas
271, 273–4

Macedonia
409–10, 413, 421–4

Mack, Andrew
513–14

MacKenzie, Lewis
427

Macmillan, Harold
284, 289

Macqueen, Norrie
181–2

Madrid Bombings
(2004) 620, 622–3

Mahdi, Ali
540

Major, John
428

maintenance of international peace and security
see also
role and functions of SC; standing forces

accountability 42

great powers 40, 76, 250

peacekeeping 88

preventive military action 35

primary responsibility of SC for 1, 4–5, 14–15, 34, 92, 230, 494, 496, 520–1, 560

regional assistance 228–32, 245, 560

rule of law, tension with 34, 35–7

SC Res. 1318 (2000) 15

selectivity of action 36

women, participation of 578

Malik, Jacob A
266–7, 272

Malone, David
187, 507, 513–15

Mao Tse-tung
79

Marker, Jamsheed
357

Marshall, George
300

Martin, Ian
193, 361

Marton, Kati
302

massacres
see also
genocide

Afghanistan 464–5

East Timor 355–7, 593

Rwanda 108–10

Sierra Leone 477

Srebrenica 27, 116, 127, 172–3, 196, 199, 436, 437

Masud, Ahmed Shah
459

Mbeki, Thabo
482–5, 486

McNaugher, Thomas L
378

McNaughton, AGL
334

Mehlis, Detlev
321, 322

Mengistu, Haile Mariam
504

Menon, Krishna
297

Menzies, Robert
297

mercenaries
624–40

ad hoc committee 627–8

Africa 630–4

aggression, definition of 627

Angola 630–1, 633–4

arms trafficking 635

Benin 631, 634

Biafra 630

combatant status 636

Comoros 631, 632

Congo 628–30, 633, 635

convention on 627–8

Côte d’Ivoire 634

criminalization 636–7

decolonization 632

definitions 626–7, 638

Draft Code of Crimes against Peace and Security of Mankind (1996) 637

Executive Outcomes 624, 626, 632–3

GA 625, 627–33, 635–40

GA Res. 3314 (1974) 627

GA resolutions 627, 628, 636–7

Geneva Protocol I (1977), Art. 47 636

hire, proposal for rules on 637

hostility to mercenaries 624–5, 637–40

human rights 628

humanitarian intervention, use of PSCs in 639

independence of states 634

International Commission of Experts on Mercenaries 631

International Law Commission 637

Iraq 627

Katanga, secession from Congo of 172, 629–30

lethal force by PSCs and PMCs, use of 638

Liberia 475, 634–5

national liberation movements, use against 627, 628, 636

natural resources, illegal exploitation of 635

Nigeria 630

Northbridge Security Services 634

ONUC (UN Operation in the Congo) 628, 633

Papua New Guinea 632, 634

peacekeeping operations 636, 638–40

Portugal 633–4

regulation of 637–8

Sandline 624, 626–7

SC Res. 226 (1966) 634

SC Res. 239 (1967) 634

SC Res. 241 (1967) 634

SC Res. 405 (1977) 634

SC Res. 419 (1977) 634

SC Res. 496 (1981) 634

SC Res. 507 (1982) 634

self-determination 627, 628, 632, 633–7, 640

Seychelles 631, 634, 635

Sierra Leone 632–3, 634

Special Rapporteur on 628, 632–3, 638

territorial integrity 634, 635, 637

UN Convention on Mercenaries (1989) 627–8

working group on 628, 638

Mestiri, Mahmoud
458

Mexico
276, 370

M’Hadju, Said Mustapha
631

military occupation of Iraq
see also
Iraq; UNAMI;

administration 571–3

Coalition Provisional Authority 571, 599–602

conservationist principles 601

Development Fund for Iraq 600

Geneva Convention IV 1949 597, 599, 603

Hague Regulations 1907 597, 599

humanitarian law, implementation of 582–3

Iraqi Governing Council 603–4

jus cogens
599, 600, 603, 606

occupation law 581–3, 589, 596–606

Oil-For-Food Programme 599, 600

Operation Iraqi Freedom 596–9, 603–4

SC Res. 1483 (2003) 581, 597, 599, 600–2, 604–5

SC Res. 1500 (2003) 602

SC Res. 1511 (2003) 597, 602

SC Res. 1546 (2004) 604–5

Special Representative for Iraq 600–2

termination of formal occupation 604

transitional Iraqi administration, formation of 601–2

UN Charter 597, 600, 604

United Kingdom 581–3, 589, 596–606

United States 581–3, 589, 596–606

welfare of Iraqi people, promotion of 600

withdrawal 598