The War Against Boys (40 page)

62.
 US Department of Education, “Positive Action,” p. 3.

63.
 Niloofar Bavarian, Kendra Lewis et al., “Using Social-Emotional and Character Development to Improve Academic Outcomes: A Matched-Pair, Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial in Low-Income, Urban Schools” (submitted for publication).

64.
 William Herndon,
Abraham Lincoln: The True Story of a Great Life
, vol. 3 (Chicago: Belford-Clark, 1890), p. 439.

65.
 Epictetus,
The Handbook of Epictetus
, tr. Nicholas White (Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing, 1983).

66.
 Kim Loop, “Lake County, Michigan Sees Firsthand Effects of Positive Action,”
Positive Action
, April 20, 2011,
www.positiveaction.net/about/index.asp?ID1=7&ID2=705&ID3=1408
(accessed July 13, 2012).

67.
 Benjamin DeMott, “Morality Plays,”
Harper's Magazine
, December 1994, p. 67.

68.
 Alfie Kohn, “How Not to Teach Values: A Critical Look at Character Education,”
Phi Delta Kappan
, February 1997, p. 431.

69.
 Ibid., p. 433.

70.
 Thomas J. Lasley II, “The Missing Ingredient in Character Education,”
Phi Delta Kappan
, April 1997, p. 654.

71.
 The program was developed by a California-based group called the Jefferson Center for Character Education:
www.jeffersoncenter.org/
.

72.
 Tim Stafford, “Helping Johnny Be Good,”
Christianity Today
, September 11, 1995, p. 34.

73.
 Ibid.

74.
 For an excellent practical guide to the moral development of boys, see Michael Gurian,
A Fine Young Man
(New York: Tarcher/Putnam, 1998).

75.
 Angela Lee Duckworth and Martin Seligman, “Self-Discipline Gives Girls the Edge: Gender in Self-Discipline, Grades, and Achievement Test Scores,”
Journal of Education Psychology
98 (2006), pp. 186–208.

9. War and Peace

1.
 Peggy Orenstein,
School Girls: Young Women, Self-Esteem, and the Confidence Gap
(New York: Doubleday, 1994), p. 248.

2.
 The Boys Initiative,
www.theboysinitiative.org/
(accessed September 21, 2012).

3.
 Approximately eight hundred Chicago Public Schools students took part in Becoming a Man—Sports Edition from 2009 to 2011. Researchers at the University of Chicago Crime Lab tracked students and reported a “miraculous change in violent crime arrest rates” (44 percent decrease) and a significant improvement in class attendance among students who had participated in the program. See Frank Main, “Study: Chicago Sports Program Cut Violent Crime, Boosted School Attendance,”
Chicago Sun-Times
, July 13, 2012,
www.suntimes.com/news/metro/13744284-418/study-chicago-sports-program-cut-violent-crime-boosted-school-attendance.html
(accessed July 19, 2012).

4.
 Tom Wolfe, “The Great Relearning,”
Orange County Register
, January 24, 1988, p. J01.

5.
 Ibid.

6.
 Patricia Stevens, ed.,
Between Mothers and Sons: Women Writers Talk About Having Sons and Raising Men
(New York: Scribner, 1999).

7.
 Deborah Galyan, “Watching
Star Trek
with Dylan,” in
Between Mothers and Sons
, ed. Stevens, p. 50.

8.
 Ibid., pp. 50–51.

9.
 Ibid., pp. 51–52.

10.
 Janet Burroway, “Soldier Son,” in
Between Mothers and Sons
, ed. Stevens, p. 37.

11.
 Ibid., p. 40.

12.
 Mary Gordon, “Mother and Son,” in
Between Mothers and Sons
, ed. Stevens, p. 163.

13.
 Ibid., p. 164.

14.
 See Hannah Rosin, “The End of Men,” The Atlantic, July/August 2010,
www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/07/the-end-of-men/8135/
(accessed July 19, 2012). See also Dan Abrams, Man Down: Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt That Women Are Better Cops, Drivers, Gamblers, Spies, World Leaders, Beer Tasters, Hedge Fund Managers, and Just About Everything Else (New York: Abrams Image, 2011).

Page numbers in
italics
refer to figures.

Abrams, Dan,
203

Adelphi University,
59
,
60

adolescent development,
95
–96,
97
,
115
,
121
,
123
,
131
–32,
137
,
181

alleged “girl crisis” in,
12
,
76
,
91
–98,
99
–100,
101
,
103
,
106
,
112
,
114
,
115
,
126
,
128
,
129
,
136
,
138
–39,
147
,
199
,
204

“boys-in-crisis” theory on,
127
–32,
133
–37,
188
–89,
204

“ADVANCE” campaign,
70
–71

Advanced Placement (AP) program,
13
,
24
,
35
,
38
,
161

African Americans,
19
,
21
,
23
–24,
25
,
49
,
82
,
84
,
193

gender gap in education of,
24

aggression,
3
,
55
,
70
,
86
,
118
,
119
,
121
,
144
,
180
,
221
n
,
238
n

paternal absence and,
120
,
121

rough-and-tumble play vs.,
41
–42

sex differences in,
62
,
67
,
221
n

sports and,
57

Ali, Russlynn,
10

Allred, Carol Gerber,
192
,
193
–94

Allred, Gloria,
64
–65,
67
,
80
,
81
,
87

Alonzo, Richard,
40

Ambrose, Stephen,
124
–25

American Association of University Women (AAUW),
2
,
9
,
11
,
20
,
25
,
26
,
27
,
29
,
34
,
35
,
60
,
76
,
77
,
98
,
104
,
112
,
126
,
162
,
166
,
210
n
,
214
n

How Schools Shortchange Girls
report of,
18
,
101
–3,
210
n

self-esteem studies commissioned by,
99
–103,
106

Where the Girls Are
report of,
20
–24

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU),
90
,
156
,
162
,
171

single-sex schooling opposed by,
4
–5,
82
,
83
,
84
,
87
–88

Women's Rights Projects of,
83

American Council for CoEducational Schooling (ACCES),
83
–84,
85
–86,
88
,
90

American Educational Research Association (AERA),
102
,
210
n

American Enterprise Institute,
17
,
37

American Jurist,
59

American Psychiatric Association (APA),
131
,
173

American Psychological Association (APA),
48
–49,
51

antiharassment programs,
55
–56,
203

zero-tolerance policies and,
60
–62

Archer, Chris,
176
,
197

Are Boys Making the Grade?
(Rennie Center report),
19

Aristotle,
182
,
187
,
190
,
194
,
196

Asian Americans,
24

Aspen Declaration on Character Education,
190

Asperger's syndrome,
167

athletic programs,
57
,
165
,
166

Atlanta, Ga.,
43
,
44

Atlantic,
19

attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),
18
,
119
,
211
n

Australia,
8
,
34
,
157
,
166
,
170
,
201

“boy-friendly” educational initiatives passed in,
2
,
150
–51,
155
–56,
158
,
159
,
170
–71

autism,
75
,
167

Aviation High School,
7
–11,
27
,
33
,
38
,
159
,
161
,
162
,
164
,
165
,
171

Barack Obama Male Leadership Academy,
83

Barbie interactive games,
141

Barnett, Rosalind Chait,
22

Baron-Cohen, Simon,
75
,
167

Barwell, Gavin,
150
–51

Bauerlein, Mark,
156
–57

Beck Depression Inventory,
129

Becoming a Man: Sports Edition,
48
,
200
,
240
n

Behind the Pay Gap
(AAUW report),
27

Bennett, William J.,
49
,
191

Berkowitz, Marvin,
192

Bernstein, Elizabeth,
93
,
94

Bertrand, Marianne,
47
–48

Bertsch, Tatiana,
109
–10

Best Practice
(teacher-training book),
158
–59

Between Mothers and Sons
(Stevenson),
201
–3

Bier, Mindy,
192

Bigler, Rebecca,
84

Black, Hugo,
185
,
186

Blackstone Valley Regional Vocational Technical school,
160
–61,
162
–63,
164
,
165
,
171

Blankenhorn, David,
120
–21

Bloomberg, Michael,
169

Blue School, Pink School
(Gotbaum),
10

Boston Globe,
114

Bowen, Elizabeth,
109

boys:

academic disengagement of,
16
,
18
,
34
,
35
,
41
,
105
,
150
,
154
,
159
,
160
,
197

academic gap and underachievement of,
see
gender gap; male underachievement

ADHD diagnoses in,
18
,
119
,
211
n

adolescent “psychological crisis” proclaimed in,
127
–32,
133
–37,
188
–89,
204

aggressive tendencies in,
3
,
41
–42,
55
,
62
,
67
,
70
,
86
,
119
,
120
,
144
,
180
,
221
n

arrest and incarceration rates of,
25
,
48
,
136
,
173

“call-out” gap and,
102
,
210
n
,
227
n

competitiveness in,
3
,
39
,
55
,
62
,
70
,
123

conduct disorders in,
63
,
173
,
183
–84,
197

criminal behavior of,
see
criminal behavior; juvenile delinquency

discipline and structure as beneficial to,
3
,
63
,
148
–49,
152
,
153
,
154
,
155
,
171
,
172
,
173
–74,
180
,
193
,
194
–95,
198

drop-out rates of,
14
,
160
,
161

early childhood disorders of,
119

emotional disengagement in,
116
,
117
–20,
121
,
122
–23,
126
,
139
–43,
144
,
145

feminist mothers as gaining insights into nature of,
201
–3

in forced “separation” from nurturing mothers,
117
,
118
,
119
–20,
121
–22,
123
,
130
–31,
135
,
136
,
175

higher test scores of,
15
–16,
17
–18,
35
–36

inattentiveness in,
36
–37,
102
,
228
n

masculine acculturation viewed

as psychologically harmful to,
96
,
115
–26,
128
,
130
,
131
,
139