When the King Took Flight (35 page)

26. Fournel, 311-312, W.

27. Aimond, Histoire de Varennes, 325; Aimond, Enigme, 143.

28. Damas, 237.

29. AP 27: 358.

30. Choiseul-Stainville, ToT; Tourzel, 201; Aimond, Enigme, 154-156.

P. AN D XXIX bis 38, dos. 388.

32. AP 29: 532-534; Lenotre, passim.

i. Campan, 113.

2. Bachaumont, 104.

3. Hardman and Price, 243-244, 297.

4. Nicolardot, 112-113.

5. Hardman and Price, 294; Nicolardot, 207; Campan, 113; Padover, 16-17;
Saint-Priest, 2: 49-50, 62-63.

6. Nicolardot, 117, 120, 151-160, 189-214, 233.

7. Falloux, passim; Padover, 15-16; Hardman, 2o.

8. Falloux, 1, 7, 27, 35; Nicolardot, 49-50; Hardman and Price, 167.

9. Bachaumont, 57-59; Padover, 128-129; Lever, 184-195.

10. Falloux, 98.

ii. Tourzel, 103; Campan, 114.

12. Zweig, 4-6, 82-83; Girault de Coursac and Girault de Coursac, 21-22;
Saint-Priest, 2: 62; Hardman, 24.

13. Bachaumont, 79; Zweig, 21-24; Padover, 33-36, 96-104.

14. Nicolardot, 62; Arneth, 4-18; Padover, 96-104.

15. Bachaumont, 155; Arneth, 20-21; Zweig, 136-137.

i6. Bachaumont, 126.

17. Bachaumont, 67, 143, 165, 226; Saint-Priest, 2: 65-66; Zweig, 34-38, 187,
and chap. to; Hunt, Family Romance, chap. 4.

18. Wick, passim.

19. Saint-Priest, 2: 67, 72, 80, 84, 90, 92; Zweig, 226-247.

20. Hardman and Price, 263, 288.

21. Nicolardot, 107, 112-13; Padover, 135.

22. Saint-Priest, 2: 48-50; Fersen, 82-83. See also Bachaumont, 36; Padover,
89.

23. Arneth, 2, 38-39, iTo; Bachaumont, 226; Padover, 92-95.

24. Campan, 224; Lescure, 270; Saint-Priest, 2: 77, 82-83.

25. Saint-Priest, 2: 88-90.

26. Saint-Priest, 2: 90-91.

27. Mousset, 228.

28. Saint-Priest, 2: 24-25; also Arneth, 126-127; Feuillet de Conches, 2: 46-48;
Tourzel, 105, 142.

29. Tourzel, 78, 80, 102; Tackett, Becoming a Revolutionary, 297-298.

30. Arneth, 129, 132; Campan, 279.

31. Arneth, 134, 139; Tourzel, 158.

32. Tourzel, 81; Arneth, 126-127, 129; Feuillet de Conches, 2: 41-42; Mousset,
241.

33. AP 27: 378-383.

34. For these and other such plans, see Tourzel, 20-21; Saint-Priest, 2: 14, 83,
93; Campan, 267-268, 273-274; Bouille, 228.

35• AP 27: 383; also Feuillet de Conches, 2: Io-11; Tourzel, 160-161; Mousset,
264; Legendre, letter of March 2, 1791.

36. Tourzel, 173-176, 185; Feuillet de Conches, 2: 46-48; Arneth, 155; Campan,
286; AP 27: 552-553.

37• AP 27: 383; Tourzel, 16o-161, 163, 174; Irland de Bazoges, letter of March
4, 1791; Mousset, 249.

38. Fersen, 97, 103-105.

39. Bouille, 215-216; Bouille fils, 17-19, 21-22.

40. Fersen, 113.

41. Feuillet de Conches, 2: 38-40; Fersen, 82.

42. E.g., Arneth, 165, 169, 151, 162, 177-179; Tourzel, 176.

43. Louis XVIII, 45-77.

44. Bouille, 240; Fersen, 128; Bouille fils, 39; Damas, 207.

45. Bouille fils, 43; Tourzel, 193; Bimbenet, 36, 51; Choiseul-Stainville, 44.

46. E.g., Bimbenet, 44, 57-62; 65-82; Choiseul-Stainville, 75-77; Weber, 324325-

47. Choiseul-Stainville, 50, 52; Tourzel, 190-92; Campan, 286-90; Feuillet de
Conches, 2: 14, 127-128; Bimbenet, 26, 40-44.

48. AP 25: 201, 312-13; Fersen, 87; also Fersen, io8; Tourzel, 179; Arneth, 155;
Feuillet de Conches, 2: 48-49.

49. Bouille, 202, 226-233, 247-249, 215-216; Bouille fils, 17-19, 21-22, 24-25,
56-59; Heidenstam, 44-45.

5o. Bouille, 219-220, 240, 255; Bouille fils, 37-39 44, 87; Fersen, 121.

51. Bouille fils, 37-39; Fersen, 118, 121; Tourzel, 196.

52. Campan, 282; Fersen, 121; Bouille, 251; Choiseul-Stainville, 55-56, 58;
Bouille fils, 70-71; Damas, 207.

53. Bouille, 253; Damas, 205-206 and 208; Choiseul-Stainville, 63; Fersen, 130.

54. Bouille fils, 72-73; Choiseul-Stainville, 49.

55. Fersen, 136; Bouille fils, 70-71.

56. Bouille, 243-246; Bouille fils, 33-41, 62-63, 80.

57. Fersen, 130; Bouille, 220-222, 242; Bouille fils, 64-65; Damas, 203-205;
Choiseul-Stainville, 37; Aimond, Enigme, 131.

58. Bouille, 254-255, 252; Fischbach, 205-206.

59. Choiseul-Stainville, 38, 55; Bouille, 222; Fersen, 101, 109, 128, 132, 136.

6o. Fersen, 137; Bouille fils, 77-79; Bouille, 254-255; Choiseul-Stainville, 4243; Damas, 208.

61. Bouille, 223; Fersen, 11o; Choiseul-Stainville, 34, 53, 55-56.

62. Feuillet de Conches, 2: 101-125; Lefebvre, Recueil de documents, 274-284;
Fersen, 128; Choiseul-Stainville, 34; Bouille, 223.

63. Bouille, 200-201; Arneth, 152-154, 171; Feuillet de Conches, 2: 129-130;
Campan, 290; Choiseul-Stainville, 53. Bouille seems to have made
preparations for the king's arrival in the Abbey of Orval, just across the
frontier; AP 27: 558.

64. Arneth, 152-154; Feuillet de Conches, 2: 55-59, 127-128, 63.

i. Madame Royale, in Weber, 313-314; AN D XXIX his 38, dos. 389;
Bimbenet, 44.

2. Valory, 257-259; Moustier, 4; Bimbenet, 92-128; Louis XVIII, 40-41.

3. Bimbenet, 28-29, 51, 57-62; Moustier, 6-7.

4. Choiseul-Stainville, 69-74; Aimond, Enigme, 56; Lenotre, 270-276.

5. Bimbenet, 8-11, 65-82.

6. Aimond, Enigme, 5'7; Lafayette, 3: 77; Weber, 325; Almanach de la ville de
Lyon, xix.

7. Tourzel, 191-192; Weber, 314-316. By some accounts Tourzel was
accompanied out of the palace by Malden, or Fersen, or even the queen
herself; Lenotre, 41-42.

8. Choiseul-Stainville, 75-77; Bimbenet, 35-36, 92-103; Tourzel, 192; AP 27:
553; Aimond, Enigme, 56-57.

9. Tourzel, 193-194; Choiseul-Stainville, 78-79; Aimond, Enigme, 58;
Bimbenet, 57-62.

to. Bimbenet, 61-62; Choiseul-Stainville, 78-79.

11. Bimbenet, 8-12, 36, 51.

12. Aimond, Enigme, 8-9.

13. Valory, 270; Bimbenet, 82-92; AP 27: 552-553; Vast, 15; Arbellot and
Lepetit, 18.

14. Aimond, Enigme, 13. They traveled the 146 miles from Paris to Varennes in
about 20.5 hours, or 7.1 miles per hour. With the nineteen relay stops
subtracted, the road time was more like 9.2 miles per hour.

15. Fournel, 356; Lacroix, 128; Weber, 316. Others report that the accident was
near Chaintrix: Vast, 24-25; Aimond, Enigme, 65-66, 74.

i6. Tourzel, 193-195; Weber, 315; Moustier, 9-11; Vast, 1; Petion, 194.

17. Bimbenet, 65-82, 92-103, 115-128; Moustier, it; Aimond, Enigme, 64-65.

iS. Aimond, Enigme, 64-65, 68-69; Vast, 16-19, 27, 39-41.

19. Weber, 316; Aimond, Enigme, 74-76; Vast, 41-43.

20. Vast, 62, 67-69, 72; Aimond, Enigme, 76-78; AN D XXIX bis 36 (1), dos.
370.

21. Tourzel, 195-197; Valory, 270; Vast, 97-99; Aimond, Enigme, 79.

22. Bouille, 256-257; Damas, 209, 212-213; Bouille fils, 79, 86, 122-129;
Raigecourt, 187-195; Bimbenet, 238-239; Aimond, Enigme, 106-110.

23. Bimbenet, 177-178.

24. Damas, 107, 210, 214, 218; Vast, 175; Aimond, Enigme, 96.

25. Bimbenet, 183-185; Lagache, 449-453; Buirette, 546-550; Vast, tot-107;
Aimond, Enigme, 33, 84-86.

26. Choiseul-Stainville, 8o-84; Damas, 233-234; Aimond, Enigme, 80-81.

27. Fersen, 138; Choiseul-Stainville, 80-84, 109-1to; Damas, 233-234; Bouille
fils, 95-98; Aimond, Enigme, 80-81.

28. Damas, 218-221; Bimbenet, 183-185; Raigecourt, 187-195; Aimond,
Enigme, 1o8-no.

29. Tourzel, 197; Valory, 270-274; Moustier, 13; Lagache, 451; Fournel, 340341; Buirette, 547-548; Vast, 107, 111-118; Aimond, Enigme, 84-87.

30. Laurent, 248-249.

31. AP 27: 508; Buirette, 547-548; Vast, 111-119; Aimond, Enigme, 87-91.

32. Bimbenet, 183-185; Lagache, 452-453; AN D XXIX his 37, dos. 386:
report of municipality of Sainte-Menehould, July 28, 1791; Buirette, 547553-

33. Damas, 221-229; Valory, 276-277; Tourzel, 196; Weber, 316; Bimbenet,
187-193; Lagache, 453-454; Aimond, Enigme, 103.

34. Weber, 316.

35. Valory, 258, 279-285; Moustier, 15-18; Weber, 316; AP 27: 508-509;
Aimond, Histoire de Tcarennes, 317-318.

36. Tourzel, 198.

37. Choiseul-Stainville, 1o5-1o8; Damas, 239; Tourzel, 202; Campan, 298-299;
AD Ardennes, L 12 and 78; AN D XXIX his, dos. 385; Fournel, 326;
Aimond, Histoire de Tcarennes, 328; Aimond, Enigme, 156-159.

38. Bouille, 241-246; Bouille fils, 122-135; Bimbenet, 238-239; Planta de
Wildenberg, 444-446; Aimond, Histoire de Varennes, 328-329; Aimond,
Enigme, 161-166.

39. Fischbach, 209.

40. Valory, 312; Petion, 197; Tourzel, 209-210. On the weather: Guittard de
Floriban, 64-66.

41. Moustier, 26; Petion, 191-192; Buirette, 555-556.

42. Tourzel, 203; Aimond, Enigme, 167-168; Buirette, 555-556.

43. Buirette, 561-562; Nicolas, 60-61. See also Chapter 6 of this volume.

44. Valory, 295-296; Petion, 194; Dumas, I: 497-499; Nicolas, 61-62.

45. Fischbach, 87; Valory, 298-299; Buirette, 556-559; Lefebvre, "Le meurtre
du comte de Dampierre," 393-405.

46. AD Marne, i L 329: letter of municipality of Neuf-Bellay.

47. Tourzel, 204-205; Valory, 300-306; Nicolas, 60-62; Aimond, Enigme, 171173-

48. Tourzel, 205-206; Gillet, 37-42; Aimond, Enigme, 173-175.

49. Dumas, 1: 489-490; Petion, 192; AP 27: 428; Aimond, Enigme, 175-176.

5o. Dumas, 1: 490-493; Petion, 193, 201; Tourzel, 206-211; Aimond, Enigme,
177-179.

51. Dumas, 1: 500-502; Tourzel, 211; Petion, 202.

52. Petion, 202-203; Tourzel, 211; Valory, 312; Roger, 71; Rabaut SaintEtienne, Precis, 248.

53. Valory, 315-323; Moustier, 52; Petion, 203-204; Dumas, 1: 503; Tourzel,
212-215; AP 27: 527-528; Aimond, Enigme, 179-180.

54. Bouille, 220-222, 225-226.

i. Mercier, 34, 108, 328. Much of the following is based on this source.

2. Mercier, 34; Tulard, 33-35, 44-49; Roche, chap. 1; Godechot, 67-70, 83.

3. Thompson, 1oo-1o1, 118-119.

4. See esp. Censer, chap. 2.

5. Mercier, 70.

6. Short, 20: 585; Mercier, 402; Andress, 177.

7. Boutier and Boutry, 40.

8. Mathiez, 4-IO.

9. See in particular Mathiez; Bourdin; Monnier, 4-6.

to. See esp. Burstin, "Une Revolution a l'oeuvre," parts 2 and 3; and Kaplan,
La fin des corporations, chaps. 13-15.

it. Burstin, "La loi Le Chapelier"; Andress, 122-135.

12. Burstin, "Une Revolution a l'oeuvre"; Andress, chaps. 2-4; Pisani, I: 191199; Tackett, Religion, Revolution, and Regional Culture, 354.

13. Godechot, 245-48; Burstin, "La Revolution a l'oeuvre," 287-289, 293-295;
Carrot, 1: 41, 69-71.

14. Andress, IIo-111; Burstin, "Une Revolution a l'oeuvre," 254; Gower, 82.

15. Miles, 1: 209; Gower, 8o; Short, 20: 348; Guittard de Floriban, 45.

,6. Gaultier de Biauzat, letter of January 29; Ami du peuple, February 14 and
March to (kindly indicated to me by Jeremy Popkin); also Legendre,
letter of February 2; Ruault, 221, 233-234; Vernier, letter of May I;
Colson, 192.

17. AP 27: 370-372; Aimond, Enigme, 52-53; L orateur du peuple, vol. 6, no. 45
(ca. June 20); L ami du peuple, June 21 (published before the king's flight
was known).

18. AN D XXIX his 38, dos. 389; Bimbenet, 14-15, 17, 35-36, 44.

19. Lacroix, 1-2; Leclercq, 582-583.

20. Leclercq, 581; Faulcon, 421; Thibaudeau, 139-14o; Colson, 194; Ferrieres,
360.

21. Bimbenet, 14, 35-36; Ruault, 246; Panon Desbassayns, 186; Leclercq, 581.

22. Lacroix, 4; Oelsner, 18; Chronique de Paris, no. 173, June 22; Le babillard,
no. 18, June 22; Leclercq, 585.

23. Mousset, 273; Short, 20: 562; Le babillard, no. 18, June 22; Oelsner, 38.

24. Lacroix, 1-2, 5, 11.

25. Lacroix, 3, 14-15, 22, 25, 179; Bourdin, 241; Panon Desbassayns, 186.

26. Lacroix, 1-2, 5, 7, 13, 22, S3, 141-142, 185; Charavay, ix; Burstin, "La
Revolution a l'oeuvre," 256-257; Genty, Io5; Bourdin, 241-244; Le patriote
francais, no. 683, June 22; Mathiez, 51, 64.

27. Bourdin, 235-237; Guittard de Floriban, 34; Short, 19: 635; Gower, 71;
Censer, 111-115.

28. Oelsner, 21.

29. Chronique de Paris, no. 173, June 22;.journal de Perlet, no. 692, June 28.

30. Leclercq, 672-676; Chronique de Paris, no. 173, June 22; Roland, 2: 316;
Ruault, 246-247; Dumont, 222.

31. AN D XXIX his 35, dos. 365; Le patriote francais, no. 683, June 22;
Short, 20: 585; Chronique de Paris, no. 173, June 22; Mathiez, 51; Mousset,
273.

32. Oelsner, 21; Chronique de Paris, no. 173, June 22.

33. Leclercq, 675-76; Duprat, 146-188; Hunt, Family Romance, 50-51.

34• AP 27: 24-26; Panon Desbassayns, 188; Chronique de Paris, no. 174, June
23; Rabaut Saint-Etienne, "Correspondance," 265; Gaultier de Biauzat, 2:
370-371-

35. Lacroix, 49-50, too; Burstin, 257-258; Panon Desbassayns, 18q; McMan-
ners, 2: 122-123.

36. Lindet, 286; Chronique de Paris, no. 175, June 24; AP 27: 444; Thibaudeau,
150-151.

37• AP 27: 448, 453-454; Reinhard, 119-120.

38. AP 27: 453-454; Lindet, 286; Faulcon, 433; Thibaudeau, 149-151; Roland,
2: 309; Guittard de Floriban, 65; Journal de Perlet, no. 689, June 25;
Oelsner, 21-22.

39. Roland, 2: 309.

40. Burstin, "Une revolution a l'oeuvre," 257.

41. Ruault, 248.

42. Aulard, Histoirepolitique, 84-89, Io5-111; Mathiez, 34-41; Morris, 2: 168;
Hesse, 83-98; Pegg, 435; Louis-Philippe, 16.

43. Roland, 2: 316; Ruault, 246-247; Panon Desbassayns, 186; Oelsner, 21;
Lombard-Taradeau, 361; Linder, 293; Lacroix, 46; Chronique de Paris, no.
173, June 22.

44. Roland, 2: 302.

45. Le patriote francais, no. 683, June 22; Mathiez, 85-86; Pegg, 435-445;
Whaley, 35-37; Bourdin, 245-248; Kates, 157-164; Baker, 304-305.

46. Mathiez, 47.

47. Mathiez, 48-50; Le babillard, nos. 19 and 21, June 23 and 25; Lacroix, 9697, 117; Bourdin, 241-242.

48. Guittard de Floriban, 65; Bourdin, 259-260; Mathiez, 51, 53-54, 123-125; Le
babillard, no. 21, June 25.