Forgotten Wars (95 page)

19.
Minute by S. Brooke-Wavell, RAF Public Relations Officer on Than Tun, November 1945, Tom Driberg papers, S3, 23, Christ Church, Oxford.

20.
Aung Sang to Mountbatten, 25 September 1945, Dorman-Smith Papers, Mss Eur E215/14, OIOC.

21.
Dorman-Smith to Leo Amery, 25 June 1945, L/PO/9/10, OIOC.

22.
Maurice Collis,
Last and first in Burma, 1941–48
(London, 1956), p. 243.

23.
Meeting between the governor of Burma and representatives of organizations and communities in Burma, WO203/5238, TNA; Tinker,
Burma
, vol. I, pp. 339–40.

24.
U Ba U,
My Burma: the autobiography of a president
(New York, 1959), pp, 176, 183.

25.
‘Victory dinner, 15 September 1945’, menu in Tom Driberg Papers, S3, 1, Christ Church, Oxford.

26.
Naw,
Aung San
, p. 141.

27.
Mountbatten to Dorman-Smith, 1 August 1944, Dorman-Smith Papers, Mss Eur E215/28, OIOC.

28.
Sir R. MacDougall to Dorman-Smith, 20 October 1944, Dorman-Smith Papers, Mss Eur E215/15, OIOC.

29.
Joseph Silverstein (ed.),
The Political Legacy of Aung San
(Ithaca, 1976); Gustaaf Houtman,
Mental culture in Burmese crisis politics
(Tokyo, 2002), pp. 181–9.

30.
Callahan,
Making enemies
, pp. 109–11.

31.
Aung San to Mountbatten, 25 September 1945, Dorman-Smith Papers, Mss Eur E215/28, OIOC.

32.
Tom Driberg,
Ruling passions
(London, 1979), p. 215.

33.
Driberg’s column in
Reynolds News
, 14 October 1945.

34.
Ibid.

35.
Francis Wheen,
Tom Driberg: his life and indiscretions
(London, 1990), p. 216.

36.
Driberg,
Ruling passions
, p. 216.

37.
Reynolds News
, 14 October 1945.

38.
Extract from a letter from Tom Driberg, SEAC to Dorman-Smith, 4 October 1945, Dorman-Smith Papers, Mss Eur E215/28, OIOC.

39.
A/C Allen, A. G., 346 Wing, SEAF, to Driberg, 19 December 1945, Tom Driberg Papers, S3, 5 (miscellaneous), Christ Church, Oxford.

40.
Col. John Ralston, 2 Area Singapore, to Driberg, 25 November 1945, Tom Driberg Papers, S3, 1, 25, Christ Church, Oxford.

41.
Kyin Hla to Driberg, 28 September 1945, Tom Driberg Papers S3, 1, 16, Christ Church, Oxford.

42.
See Christopher Bayly and Tim Harper,
Forgotten armies: Britain’s Asian empire and the war with Japan
(London, 2004).

43.
Montagu Stopford to Mountbatten, 26 December 1945, Mountbatten Papers (microfilm), 8, OIOC.

44.
Letter of Aung San in
Rangoon Liberator
, 5 October 1945, Governor of Burma’s Papers, M/3/1694, OIOC.

45.
Rangoon Liberator
, 27 October 1945, ibid.

46.
Naw,
Aung San
, pp. 142–9.

47.
Ibid, p. 143.

48.
See, e.g., ‘Karen memorial’, memorandum presented by H. N. C. Stevenson and T. L. Hughes, February 1946, FO643/39, TNA, printed in Tinker,
Burma
, vol. I, pp. 650–1.

49.
San C. Po,
Burma and the Karens
(London, 1929).

50.
Jonathan Falla,
True love and Bartholemew: rebels on the Burmese border
(Cambridge, 1991), p. 25.

51.
Callahan,
Making enemies
, pp. 86–113.

52.
Peter Clarke,
The Cripps version: the life of Sir Stafford Cripps
(London, 2002).

53.
Lady Pethick-Lawrence to Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, 5 September 1945, Pethick-Lawrence Papers, Box 5/83, Trinity College, Cambridge.

54.
Krishna Menon to Pethick-Lawrence, 31 March 1954, ibid., 5/91.

55.
Pethick-Lawrence to Huxley, 29 November 1943, ibid., 5/61.

56.
Nehru to Cripps, 3 December 1945, ibid., 5/64.

57.
Gandhi to Pethick-Lawrence, 12 January 1946, ibid., 5/66.

58.
Intelligence report quoting soldiers’ letters, no. 172, 16 February 1945, appendix A, L/WS/1/1433, OIOC.

59.
Personal communication from Eric Stokes, 1979.

60.
Provincial officers and Intelligence Bureau conference on INA, 19–20 November 1945, L/WS/1/1577, OIOC.

61.
Appended to above, ibid.

62.
Statesman
, 5 October 1945.

63.
W. L. Alston ‘My day and age’: this was a compilation of memoirs and contemporary letters etc., 8005–151, box 10, National Army Museum.

64.
Note from Deputy Director of Military Intelligence (S), f. 112, L/WS/1/1577, OIOC.

65.
Conference of provincial officers, ibid.

66.
Amrita Bazaar Patrika
, 2 November 1945.

67.
Statesman
, 23 July 1947.

68.
Governor of Bengal to viceroy, 22 August 1946, ‘Calcutta riots 1947’, L/P and J/8/655, OIOC.

69.
Amrita Bazaar Patrika
, 24 October 1945.

70.
Amrita Bazaar Patrika
, 3 November 1945.

71.
Amrita Bazaar Patrika
, 22 November 1945.

72.
Amrita Bazaar Patrika
, 2 November 1945.

73.
Amrita Bazaar Patrika
, 6 November 1945.

74.
Amrita Bazaar Patrika
, 27 October 1945.

75.
S. N. Arseculeratne,
Sinhalese immigrants in Malaysia and Singapore, 1860–1990: history through recollections
(Colombo, 1991), p. 337.

76.
‘INA in Siam’, WO203/2462, TNA.

77.
Attachments to WO203/4673, TNA.

78.
Girishchandra Kotari interview, OHD, SNA; Arseculeratne,
Sinhalese immigrants
, p. 338.

79.
Memo, 15 October 1945, WO203/4203B, TNA.

80.
Penderel Moon (ed.),
Wavell: the viceroy’s journal
(London, 1973), statement of the governor of North West Frontier Province, entry 24 November 1945, p. 188.

81.
Ibid., entry 5 November 1945, p. 182.

82.
V. S. Kulkarni and K. S. N. Munshi,
The First Indian National Army trial
(Poonah, 1946), p. i.

83.
Ibid., pp. xv–xviii.

84.
Ibid., p. 58.

85.
Ibid. p. 47.

86.
Conference of provincial officers, L/WS/1/1577, OIOC.

87.
For instance, Sir Dalip Singh, K. N. Katju and J. N. Sapru; Kulkarni and Munshi,
First Indian National Army trial
, p. 171.

88.
Moon,
Wavell
, p. 191.

89.
D. K. Palit,
Major General A. A. Rudra: his services in three armies and two world wars
(Delhi, 1997), pp. 282, 284.

90.
Wavell to Pethick-Lawrence, 17 October 1945, CAB119/191, TNA; Cabinet Defence Meeting, minutes of meeting on 19 October 1945, CAB121/698, TNA.

91.
S. K. Chettur,
Malayan adventure
(Mangalore, 1948), pp. 12–30.

92.
Wavell to Mountbatten, 4 December 1945, WO203/4203B, TNA.

93.
Malaya Command to SACSEA, 7 January 1946, WO203/4303B, TNA.

94.
Chettur,
Malayan adventure
, pp. 31–60.

95.
Mustapha Hussain,
Malay nationalism before Umno: the memoirs of Mustapha Hussain, translated by Insun Mustapha and edited by Jomo K. S.
(Kuala Lumpur, 2005), pp. 295–327.

96.
F. S. V. Donnison,
British military administration in the Far East
(London, 1956), p. 304. See the discussion by Abu Talib Ahmad,
The Malay Muslims, Islam and the Rising Sun: 1941–45
(Kuala Lumpur, 2003), pp. 133–6.

97.
Mamoru Shinozaki,
Syonan – my story: the Japanese occupation of Singapore
(Singapore, 1979), p. 107.

98.
Herman Marie de Souza interview, OHD, SNA.

99.
Cited in Romen Bose,
A will to freedom: Netaji and the Indian independence movement in Singapore and Southeast Asia, 1942–45
(Singapore, 1993), p. 49.

100.
T. T. Hui to unnamed official, 8 November 1945, on NARA/XL30328, SNA.

101.
Wee Kim Guan, letter, 13 May 1946, BMA HQ S.DIV/151/45, SNA.

102.
Examples from
New Democracy
, 6 October, 1945.

1.
Cited in Robert Pearce,
Attlee
(London, 1977), p. 122.

2.
Ibid, p. 281.

3.
Note on the paper ‘Religion in the army’ by R. Savory, 7603–93/90, National Army Museum, London.

4.
Sir Donald Cameron, ‘Give an account of Thy Stewardship’, 15 May 1942, CO875/19/13, TNA.

5.
Wavell cited in Rajmohan Gandhi,
Patel: a life
(Ahmedabad, 1990)p, 433.

6.
Penderel Moon (ed.),
Wavell: the viceroy’s journal
(London, 1973), entry for 31 August 1945, p. 170.

7.
Harold Macmillan,
Tides of fortune
(London, 1969), p. 246, cited in Nicholas Owen, ‘The Conservative Party and Indian independence, 1945–47’,
Historical Journal
, 46, 2 (2003), p. 411.

8.
Victor Purcell,
The memoirs of a Malayan official
(London, 1965), p. 293.

9.
Ralph Hone to E. V. G. Day, 21 February 1945, BMA/ADM/239, ANM.

10.
Chua Ai Lin, ‘Negotiating national identity: the English-speaking domiciled commmunities in Singapore, 1930–41’, MA thesis, National University of Singapore, 2001.

11.
Captain L. D. Gammans, ‘Post-war planning in South-East Asia’,
British Malaya
, November 1942.

12.
Ralph Hone,
Report on the British Military Administration of Malaya, September 1945 to March 1946
(Kuala Lumpur, 1946).

13.
Amy and Richard Haggard, ‘An account of the British Military Administration of Upper Perak, Malaya – 1945/46: being memories based on diaries and letters’, 4 April 2000, RCS, CUL.

14.
Melanie Chew,
Of hearts and minds: the story of Sembawang
(Singapore, 1998), p. 58.

15.
O. W. Gilmour,
With freedom to Singapore
(London, 1950), p. 117.

16.
Nicholas J. White,
Business, government and the end of empire: Malaya, 1945–1957
(Kuala Lumpur, 1996), p. 75.

17.
Sydney Caine to Lord Keynes, 19 March 1945, in A. J. Stockwell (ed.),
British documents on the end of empire: Malaya, part I
(London, 1995), pp. 90–1.

18.
Arthur Alexander Thompson interview, OHD, SNA; J. Pickering, ‘Monthly report for January 1946, Refugees and Displaced Persons Branch, Peninsula Division’, BMA/ADM/2/28, ANM.

19.
T. N. Harper,
The end of empire and the making of Malaya
(Cambridge, 1999), pp. 41, 66; ‘A report on the damage resulting from the war and the Japanese occupation’, 10 December 1946, CSO/6929, SNA.