Life's Greatest Secret (74 page)

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Authors: Matthew Cobb

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231
,
304
Hurst, Laurence
293
Hurwitz, Jerry
183
,
187–8
Hutchinson, G. Evelyn
29
hydrogen bomb
86
hydrogen bonding between DNA bases
58
,
92
,
101
,
106
hydrophobicity and codon structure
292
hydrothermal vents
287
I
Illumina Inc.
236
immune response
codon variants
225
Neanderthal genes and
241
to pneumococci
35
RNA incorporation idea
140
inducible enzymes
153–7
information
absent from Schrödinger’s views
19
bits as units
27
,
144
communication as variable information
25
content of living things and genomes
84–5
,
148
,
298
Crick and Burnet on possible transfers
135
,
138–40
entropy and
27–8
,
30
,
75
,
151
evolutionary, from protein comparisons
140–1
‘genetical information’ carried by DNA bases
111
,
132
human conversation example
144–5
as metaphor
112
,
147–9
,
159
,
203
,
298
,
300
in molecules other than DNA
275
nongenetic transmission
255
philosophers on the nature of
144
,
149
,
202–3
,
297–303
role in biology
30
,
73
,
82–7
,
119
,
299–300
role in biology questioned
142
,
144
,
149
Shannon’s definition of
78
,
82
,
144
,
147
information flow
central dogma concern
262–3
,
265
,
306
in enzyme induction
307
protein → DNA disallowed
136
,
138
,
251–2
,
265–6
protein → protein
253
in protein synthesis
168–9
,
251
‘Information in Contemporary Science’ colloquium
202
,
205
information storage potential of DNA
271–2
information theory
influence on molecular genetics
307
Oak Ridge symposium
142–6
,
148–9
Royal Society conference
81
Royaumont colloquium
202–3
,
205
Information Theory in Biology symposium
84
Information Theory in Health Physics and Radiobiology Symposium
142–9
Informational Macromolecules symposium, 1962
204–5
Ingram, Vernon
125–8
,
132
,
165
inheritance
of acquired characteristics
138
,
260
fundamental question of
1
insects as crustacea
239
intelligence, genetic effects
305
5th International Congress of Biochemistry, Moscow, 1961
183
,
185–8
,
190–2
International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium
232–3
intraspecific variation
236
introns
and code universality
226
coinage of the term
222
evolution
222–3
human genome project
232
,
238
preventing back translation
301
iso-G and iso-C
278
isochores
296
isotopic labelling
67
,
163–4
J
Jackson, David
279
Jacob, François
ideas on genetic regulation
168–71
,
256–7
meeting with Crick and Brenner
165–6
meeting with Monod
155
meeting with Szilárd
152
on messenger RNA
178
on natural selection
215
on ‘night science’
171
,
218
and Nirenberg
175
,
185–6
,
189
Nobel Prize
215
operon model
169–71
,
243
,
306
PaJaMo studies
155–6
,
158
,
160
,
166
,
178
report of Crick’s protein synthesis lecture
130
repressor action on DNA
158–9
,
257
at the Royaumont colloquium
203
see also
Monod
Jeffreys, Alec
230
Joad, Professor Cyril
83
Johannsen, Wilhelm
3
Johns Hopkins University symposium, ‘The Chemical Basis of Heredity,’ 1956
161–3
Jones, Bill
192
Journal of Molecular Biology
160
,
167
,
185
Joyce, Gerald
275
Joyce, James
268
Jukes, Thomas
201
,
226
‘junk DNA’
247–9
,
299
K
Kalmus, Hans
86–7
κ and Π base pairs
278
Kawaoka, Yoshihiro
280
Kay, Lily
88
,
180
,
181f
,
185n
keratin
84
,
94–5
,
105
Khorana, Gorind
208–9
,
212
,
214
Kilburn, Tom
74
Kimura, Mitoo
148
King, Martin Luther
272
King’s College, London
89–90
,
92–5
,
98–9
,
101–8
,
165
Kolmogoroff, Andrei
77
Koltsov, Nikolai
6–7
,
12
,
15
,
17
L
lactose, and enzyme induction
152–3
,
156
,
243
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste
72
,
138
,
260–1
Landy, Art
187–8
Lane, Nick
287
Large Hadron Collider
272
Lazarsfeld, Paul
29
Leder, Phil
209
Lederberg, Joshua
correspondence with von Neumann
146
enthusiasm for nucleic acids
58–9
,
63
Nobel Prize
51
,
215
Quastler’s symposium and
84
rejects Nirenberg
175
views on terminology
87
,
161
,
244
Lengyel, Peter
190–1
,
203
Leopold, Urs
87
leucine, alternative codons
294–5
Levene, Phoebus, tetranucleotide hypothesis
7
,
42–3
,
51
,
54
,
62
,
90
life, alien forms
275
life, origins of
286–9
Life Itself
by Francis Crick
287
Linschitz, Henry
85
Lipmann, Fritz
189
Lockyer, Becky
255
Lu, Timothy
272
LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor)
227
,
290
,
293
Luria, Salvador
8
,
34
,
65–6
,
97
,
215
Luzzati, Vittorio
116
Lwoff, André
59–60
,
155
,
202
,
215
Lysenko, Trofim Denisovich
260–1
lysine, genetic code for
190
lysozyme
125
M
M-9 predictor
24
Maas, Werner
157
MacLeod, Colin
38–41
Macy conference
29
‘ the magic twenty’
117
,
179
The Major Transitions in Evolution
(book)
299
mammals
base pair frequencies
295
discovery of ‘split genes’ in
221
genomic imprinting
248
origin of the placenta
245
Manchester
9
,
26
,
74
,
162
,
289
Mandelbrot, Benoit
203
Manhattan Project
see
atomic bomb
Manton, Irene
17
Margulis, Lynn
224
Mars, terraforming
279
Martians
268–9
Martin, Bill
287
Martin, Bob
192
‘maternal effects’
258
mathematics
approaches to the genetic code
115–16
,
143
,
174–5
,
201
,
214–15
,
301–2
of next-generation sequencing
235
Patterson function
92
,
103
,
106
readers’ tolerance of equations
73–4
of Schrödinger’s code-script
14
Mathematical problems in the biological sciences symposium
175
Matthaei, Heinrich
Cold Spring Harbor 1966 Symposium
214
collaboration with Nirenberg
173–5
,
177–87
competitors
189–91
Crick’s reaction to
193–6
genetic code success
174
,
181–2
not awarded the Nobel Prize
215
Maxwell’s Demon (James Clerk Maxwell)
27
,
30
,
76
May, Lord (Robert May)
281
Maynard Smith, John
299–300
Mazia, Daniel
61–2
McCarty, Maclyn
41
,
43
,
46–7
,
49
,
55
,
62
,
66
,
189n
McClintock, Barbara
245
McCulloch, Warren
24
,
82
,
86
,
149
Mead, Margaret
22
,
24
meaning and information flow
78–9
,
144
meiosis
12
Mello, Craig
283
Mendel, Gregor
2–3
,
128
Meselson, Matthew
163–5

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