Meatonomics (48 page)

Manure remediation,
126
–
127

Overfishing,
157
–
158

Overview,
165
,
202

Pesticides and fertilizers,
125
–
126

Salmonella,
107

Soil erosion,
124
–
125

Water pollution,
126
–
127

Externalized costs of fruit and vegetable production,
78

Factory farms

Battery cages,
220
–
221

Broiler chickens, treatment,
218

Cage-free eggs,
223
–
225

Cattle, treatment,
22
–
23
,
47
–
52
,
217

Consolidation,
74
,
217

Dairy cows, treatment,
22
–
23

Denial of hens' urge to roost and dust-bathe,
225
–
227

Effect on local communities,
83
–
84

Effect on tax revenues,
84

Enriched cages,
227
–
228

Forced molting,
221
–
222

Laying hens, treatment,
218
–
228

Partial beak amputation,
218
–
220

Pigs, treatment,
134
,
213
–
215

Veal calves, treatment,
216

Willingness to pay to end inhumane practices,
141

Factory fishing

Bycatch,
147

Fishery collapse,
148
–
149

Jevons Paradox,
155

Longlining,
146

Overfishing,
149
,
153
–
155

Trawling,
146

Faison, F. J. “Sonny,”
214
–
215

Farm Bill,
49
,
80
,
85
,
87
–
89

FDA.
See
Food and Drug Administration

Fedoroff, Nina,
113

Fertilizers,
125
–
126

Fish

Blindness caused by fish farming,
158

Capacity to feel fear and anxiety,
137
–
138

Capacity to feel pain,
136
–
137

Health effects, generally,
200
–
201

Mercury content,
140
,
200
–
201

Polychlorinated biphenyls content,
140
,
200
–
201

Slaughter methods,
139
–
140

Stress related to tight stocking density,
138
–
139

Susceptibility to parasitic infection,
138
–
139

Willingness to pay to end inhumane treatment,
141

Fish farming

Cage systems,
149
–
153

Escapes harming wild populations,
153

Generally,
149
–
157

In US,
157

Jevons Paradox,
155

Parasitic infection,
138
–
139

Pen systems,
149
–
153

Sea lice,
138
–
139

Slaughter methods,
139
–
140

Stocking densities,
138
–
139

Sustainability,
151
–
153

University of Maryland,
150

Waste generation,
153

Willingness to pay to end inhumane practices,
141

Fishery collapse,
148
–
149

Fishing subsidies,
148

Fitzgerald, Peter,
65
,
174

Food and Drug Administration

Bovine growth hormone (rBST),
59
–
60

Regulation of animal antibiotics,
60
–
62

Scope of responsibility for animal foods,
56

Food miles,
121
–
123

Forced molting,
221
–
222

Francione, Gary,
178

Freedman, Rory,
169

Frost, Robert,
xxi

Galbraith, John Kenneth,
xiii

Gandhi, Mohandas,
183
,
185

Garner, Joseph,
137
–
138

German, Mike,
44
–
45

Godwin, Jerry,
214

Goldfish, capacity to feel fear and anxiety,
137
–
138

Goodland, Robert,
125

Gottleib, Robert,
180

Gout,
94

Government speech,
6

Grandin, Temple,
47

Green Scare,
42
–
45

Ground beef

Cholesterol content,
93

E. coli
,
103

HAACP.
See
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points

Halal,
47

Ham,
26
,
96

Historical price movement,
74

Harkin, Tom,
129

Hayes, Rutherford B.,
164

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points,
65

Heart disease

Annual US health care cost,
107

Chicken consumption,
92

Incidence in US,
90

Incidence related to animal food production,
96

Red meat consumption,
20
,
93

Hegsted, D. Mark,
195
–
196

Hens

Battery cages,
220
–
221

Cage-free conditions,
223
–
225

Campylobacter,
102
–
103

Consumer willingness to pay to move to free-range system,
141

Enriched cages,
227
–
228

Forced molting,
221
–
222

Free-range,
223
–
225

Improvements in production,
74

Inability to roost in factory farms,
225
–
227

Intelligence and personality,
225
–
227

Organic production,
115
–
118

Partial beak amputation,
218
–
226

Salmonella,
103

Slaughter methods,
37

Treatment in factory farms, generally,
218
–
228

HMSA.
See
Humane Methods of Slaughter Act

Hogs.
See
Pigs

Hormones in beef and dairy, effects on human health,
106

Hughes, Arthur,
49

Humane Methods of Slaughter Act,
24
,
47
–
50
,
52

Humane Society of the United States,
44
,
49
,
227

Huxley, Aldous,
3
,
14

IMTA.
See
Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture

Incidental taking.
See
Bycatch

Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture,
150
–
151

Iron,
191

Jefferson, Thomas,
53

Jevons Paradox,
155

Johnson, Jewel,
224

Johnson, Stephen L.,
128

Joshi, Anupama,
180

Joy, Melanie,
xxiii

Kashrut,
47

Katz, Theodore,
62

Kimbrell, Andrew,
58

Klaper, Michael,
193
,
215
–
216

Kosher meat,
47

Kourda, Dina,
184

Laws affecting animal food production

Ag-gag laws,
39
–
40

Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act,
44

Cheeseburger laws,
41
–
42

Clean Air Act,
129

Clean Water Act,
129

Common law,
34
–
35

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act,
129

Customary Farming Exemptions,
36

Defamation laws,
38

Early legislation,
35
–
36

Ecoterrorism laws,
43
–
45

Endangered Species Act,
145

Enforcement challenges,
38
–
40

Humane Methods of Slaughter Act,
24
,
47
–
50
,
52

Twenty-Eight Hour Law,
45
–
47

LCA.
See
Life Cycle Assessment

Leatherback turtle,
145
–
146

Lewis, John,
169

Life Cycle Assessment

Generally,
121
–
122

New Zealand lamb and powdered milk,
122

Lobbying

Cash donations and influence,
33
–
34

Expenditures,
19
,
32

Regulatory influence,
61
–
62
,
66
,
68

Local production of animal foods,
121
–
123

Longevity of vegans and omnivores,
95

Lorenz, Konrad,
222
–
223

Lovitz, Dara,
43

Lusk, Jayson,
134
,
140
–
141

Marine ecosystem services,
159

Market failure,
xxiv
–
xxv

Martin, Dick,
35
–
36

Masson, Jeffrey,
213
–
214
,
225

McConnell, Mitch,
42

McCrary, Jeffrey,
156

McDougall, John,
189
–
190

McLuhan, Marshall,
xxvi

McWilliams, James,
122
,
130
–
132

Mead, Margaret,
184

Meat Tax, proposed

Benefits,
176
–
177

Economic effects,
204
–
212

Effect on demand,
207
–
208

Feasability,
183
–
184

Objections,
177
–
184

Overview,
172
–
173

Tax credit,
173

Meat, plant-based,
168

Medicaid,
165
,
176
,
209
–
211

Medicare,
176
,
209
–
211

Mencken, H. L.,
14

Merberg, Adam,
115
–
117

Mercury in fish,
140
,
200
–
201

Mercy for Animals,
51

Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
,
105

Mill, John Stuart,
182

Miller, Gregory,
10
–
11
,
14
,
28

Miller, Peter,
123

Mills, Milton,
190
–
191

Monsanto,
58
–
59
,
68
–
69
,
86
–
87

MRSA.
See
Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus

National Academies' Institute of Medicine,
101

National Pork Board,
20
,
37

National Restaurant Association,
41

Nestle, Marion,
34
,
69

New River manure spill,
111
–
112

Norwood, F. Bailey,
134
,
140
–
141

Obesity

Cheeseburger laws,
41
–
42

Effect of animal foods,
167

Low-income consumers,
175

Percentage of Americans affected,
xxii
,
8

Robert Atkins,
91
–
92

US rate compared to rest of world,
95

Oil industry,
xxii
,
59

Omega-3s,
154
,
160
,
200
–
201

Oppenlander, Richard,
116

Organic Consumers Association,
69

Organic production of animal foods

Baby food containing neurotoxin,
67

Labeling requirements,
66
–
68

Pasturing requirement for ruminants,
67
–
68

Oski, Frank A.,
198

Overfishing,
149
,
153
–
155

Overpeck, Jonathan,
125

Painter, Stanley,
50

Parkinson's,
94
,
108

Partial beak amputation,
218
–
220

Pascal, Blaise,
148

PCBs.
See
Polychlorinated biphenyls

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals,
22
–
23

Pesticides,
78
,
118
,
124
–
126
,
129

Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine,
23
,
64

Pigou, Arthur,
169

Pigovian tax

Cigarettes,
169
–
171

Generally,
169
–
171

Pigs

Antibiotics,
104
–
105

Campylobacter,
102
–
103

Consumer willingness to pay to move to shelter pasture system,
141

Intelligence and personality,
213
–
214