Muslim Fortresses in the Levant: Between Crusaders and Mongols (4 page)
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Authors: Kate Raphael
Tags: #Arts & Photography, #Architecture, #Buildings, #History, #Middle East, #Egypt, #Politics & Social Sciences, #Social Sciences, #Human Geography, #Building Types & Styles, #World, #Medieval, #Humanities
4.3
, Mamluk repairs along the Ayyubid walls
4.4, the distribution of towers during the last Ayyubid phase and later after the Mamluk reconstruction
4.5, seam between the Mamluk tower and the Ayyubid wall
4.6. Note the quality of masonry along the external walls of Ayyubid and Mamluk towers
4.7, smooth ashlar blocks inside the new Mamluk tower 7
4.9, Mamluk arrow slits with geometric design on the external frame (tower 7)
4.10, Ayyubid archer’ gallery along the south
4.11reconstruction of tower 11 (Bili’s tower). M. Hartal,
The
(Nimrod) Fortress, Towers 11 and 9,
Jerusalem, 2001, fig. 35. Courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority
4.12, secret postern in tower 16 leading to the core of the Ayyubid “keep” and the grand Mamluk hall. Plan adapted from Deschamps
, Chateaux
, fig. 1
4.13, giant stones along the northern face of tower 11
4.15 Safad, the remains of the Mamluk inner gate on the southwest