Queen Anne: The Politics of Passion (117 page)

Cooper, Mrs (St James’s Palace lodger), 454

Cornbury, Edward Hyde, Viscount
see
Clarendon, 3rd Earl of

Cornwallis, Mary, 39, 48

Cousein, Mr (stay-maker), 243

Cowper, Dame Sarah, 177

Cowper, William, 1st Earl: appointed Lord Keeper, 285–7, 307; and Anne’s protection of Church, 288; speech on treaty of Union with Scotland, 297; demands reinstatement of
Marlborough, 341; advises against Marlborough’s lifetime appointment as Captain-General, 377; as Lord Chancellor, 378; and peace proposals to France, 384, 478; intercedes with Anne for Marlborough, 396; and proposed dismissal of Abigail, 398; Harley hopes to retain, 418–19; declines post under Harley, 423; resigns (1710), 424; and Sarah’s criticisms of Anne, 436, 542; Anne consults over political appointments, 438; Hamilton acts as intermediary for, 442; and Anne’s reluctance to make new peers, 463; on Pretender’s supposed conversion, 492; on Treaty of Utrecht, 495

Crisp, Mrs (Carmarthen’s mistress), 447

Cromarty, George Mackenzie, 1st Earl of, 232

Cromwell, Oliver, 2–3

Crowne, Thomas:
Calisto, or The Chaste Nymph
, 23–4

Dahl, Michael, 233

Daily Courant, The
, 194, 457, 461

Dalrymple, John
see
Stair, 1st Earl of

Danby, Thomas Osborne, 1st Earl of, 87

Danube, river: Marlborough’s march on, 219, 270

Danvers, Beata, 102, 323, 526

Danvers, Bella, 381

Darien Company, 211

Dartmouth, William Legge, 1st Earl of: on Prince George, 45; declines posting to Hanover, 210; on advice from Lords of the Committee, 218; on Abigail’s manners, 323; replaces Sunderland as Secretary of State, 414; reports Godolphin’s poverty, 421; and Marlborough’s submission to Anne, 434; on Guiscard’s assassination attempt, 440; and prosecution of Dundas, 448; signs compact with France outlining peace treaty, 453; and Anne’s creation of twelve new peers, 465; Oxford requests to take over all correspondence with France, 481–2; dislikes Abigail, 484; Bolingbroke bullies, 485; and Anne’s preferment of Atterbury, 496; appointed Lord Privy Seal, 498

Dawes, William, Archbishop of York (
earlier
Bishop of Chester), 319–20, 330, 511, 514

Dawson, Margaret, 84–5, 92

Declaration of Indulgence (James II’s, 1687), 75–6, 88, 90

Declaration of Reasons for Appearing in Arms in the Kingdom of England
, 97

Defoe, Daniel, 193, 198, 208, 237, 313, 315, 432, 447, 471, 542

Delauney, Henry, 17

Delaware, John West, 1st Earl, 500

Denbigh, Hester, Countess of, 22

Denmark: Prince George revisits, 74, 78–9

Devon, Philip, 223

Devonshire, William Cavendish, 1st Duke (
earlier
4th Earl) of, 101, 115, 201, 207, 217, 336, 341, 350, 423

dissenters (nonconformists); treatment of, 19–20; James II seeks alliance with, 75; Church of England’s hostility to, 76, 189, 197–8, 208, 245; in public office, 197; Anne’s attitude to, 200, 248, 438, 541; wariness of Anne, 200; Sacheverell attacks, 393; persecuted during Sacheverell trial, 403; Whigs betray, 460; and Schism Bill, 517–18;
see also
Occasional Conformity

Dorset, Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of, 100–1, 110

Dorset, Lionel Cranfield Sackville, 1st Duke of, 493

Dryden, John:
All for Love
, 229

Ducaila, Mrs (Anne’s tirewoman), 188

Dundas (Edinburgh lawyer), 448–9

Dunkirk, 343, 450, 477, 479, 543

Dutch, the
see
Holland

Dykvelt, Everard van Weede van, 75–6

East India Company: loans to government, 196

Eland, William Savile, Lord, 117

elections (Parliamentary): (1702), 248; (1705), 193, 280–1; (1708), 351; (1710), 193–4, 425; (1713), 498

Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 179–81, 538

Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, 34, 165

England: declares war on Louis XIV (1689), 112; in War of Spanish Succession, 167–8, 174, 177; proposed Union with Scotland, 213–14, 256, 283–4, 296; hurricane in south (26 November 1703), 261; Union with Scotland ratified, 315–16; rise to power, 537;
see also
Britain

Erroll, Charles Hay, 13th Earl of, 343

Essex, Algernon Capel, 2nd Earl of, 395

Essex, Arthur Capel, 1st Earl of, 43

Etherege, Sir George:
The Man of Mode
, 18

Eugene, Prince of Savoy: movements in War of Spanish Succession, 217; joins allies against France, 261; Marlborough’s forces join up with, 271; and threat to Turin, 299; Anne proposes for command in Spain, 336; vetoes proposal for Philip to renounce throne, 418; visits England, 467, 469, 471; proposes final assault to Ormonde, 475; and siege of Quesnoy, 477; and rejection of peace proposals, 479; loses Landrecies to Villars, 480

Evans, Evan and William, 223

Evelyn, John, 43, 113, 119, 151, 169, 172, 249

Examiner, The
(newspaper), 198, 432, 442, 454, 458

Exclusion Crisis, 31–3, 35, 189

Falaiseau, Pierre de, 289, 292

Farquhar, George:
The Recruiting Officer
, 487

Farthing, Margery, 8

Faults on Both Sides
(tract), 424

Ferriol, Claudine de, 481

Feversham, General Louis de Duras, 1st Earl of, 98

Finch, Anne, 54

Fitzharding, Barbara, Lady (
earlier
Berkeley), 58–9, 69, 100, 116, 127, 131, 138, 148, 351

Flanders: Marlborough’s campaign in, 258

Flying Post, The
(Whig newspaper), 476

Forbin, Claude, Comte de, 345

Forfar, Archibald Douglas, 1st Earl of, 282

Fox, Sir Stephen, 240

Frampton, Tregonwell, 236, 446

France: war with Holland, 15, 27, 122, 128, 147; Protestants persecuted, 64; supports James II in Ireland, 112; in War of Spanish Succession, 167–8, 177, 203; attacks on British shipping, 185–6; Blenheim defeat, 271; peace proposals rejected, 284, 299–300, 383–4, 409; failed invasion of Scotland with Pretender, 343–5; near-bankruptcy from war, 376, 383; harsh winter (1708–9), 383; losses at Malplaquet, 387; peace talks at Geertrudenberg, 418–19; peace negotiations (1711–13), 430, 444, 450–3, 456, 485, 488, 538–9; at Utrecht peace conference, 470, 477–9, 493, 538; succession to throne, 472–4; and Anne’s Restraining Order to Ormonde, 474; Bolingbroke’s mission to, 480–1; recovers lost towns, 480; signs Peace of Utrecht, 493–4; commercial treaty with Britain, 498; rumoured preparation of invasion fleet, 502; Abigail Masham’s supposed influence in, 543

Fraser, Simon, Master of Lovat, 265, 269

Frederick I, King of Prussia, 218

Frederick IV, King of Denmark, 372

Frescheville of Staveley, Anne Charlotte de Vic, Lady, 66, 68

Gallas, Jonathan, Count, 416, 457

Galway, Henri de Massue, 1st Earl of, 299, 334

Gardiner, Lady, 180, 183, 246

Gaultier, Abbé, 428–30, 444–5, 449–51, 461, 471–3, 490–1, 506, 508, 543

Geertrudenberg: peace negotiations (1710), 418, 428, 444

George I, King (
earlier
George Ludwig, Elector of Hanover): suggested marriage to Anne, 5, 34, 36, 210; in line of succession to English throne, 165, 513; awarded Garter, 209, 293; and English negotiations with Sophia, 289, 292–3; and Harley’s change of government, 426; told of peace negotiations, 456; opposes peace proposals, 461, 489; declines Marlborough’s call to invade England, 490, 541; divorces wife, 492; believes Anne scheming to disinherit, 505; Bolingbroke’s pessimism over reign, 507, 509; requests writ to attend British Parliament, 512–13; Anne admonishes for demands, 515; Anne reassures of support as successor, 523–4; accession on Anne’s death, 529–30; travels to England, 531; ill-disposed towards Oxford and Bolingbroke, 534; pardons Bolingbroke, 535

George II, King (
earlier
George August, Prince of Hanover), 170, 210, 359, 498–9, 512, 515; accession, 533

George, Prince of Denmark: courtship and marriage to Anne, 37, 40–4; happy marriage relations, 37, 44, 51, 183, 363, 546; background, 40; income, 40; Lutheranism, 40, 42; antipathy to France, 42; character and appearance, 43, 45–6; eating and drinking, 45, 228; denied serious appointment, 46; suffers giddiness in head, 57; membership of Privy Council, 58, 112; and Anne’s childbearing, 59; visits Tunbridge Wells, 59, 69; debts, 61; and Anne as possible successor to James II, 62; smallpox and after-effects, 72, 74, 79; and death of daughters, 73; visits to Denmark, 74, 78–9; and dismissal of Scarsdale, 82; and plan to bring William of Orange to England, 95, 367; accompanies James during William’s invasion, 98–9; declines command in William’s invasion, 98; defects to William, 99–100, 103; reunited with Anne in Oxford, 102; questions William’s assumption of power, 109; in Greenwich, 110; naturalised as English subject and given titles, 112; William’s contempt for, 113; financial problems, 115, 117, 123, 160; accompanies William on campaign in Ireland, 120; forbidden to serve in Navy, 122–3; reliance on Godolphin, 126; and Marlborough’s disloyalty to William, 130; supports Anne in breach with Mary and William, 133–4; visits Bath, 139–40, 259–60; supports Place Bill, 142; concern for son William, 143; follows Marlborough’s voting practice, 147; and Anne’s failed pregnancy, 159; receives financial compensation, 160; and death of son William, 163; visits dying King William, 171; as principal mourner at William’s funeral, 173; position as Anne’s consort, 181–2, 211; Anne influences in matters of state, 182–3, 248; military and naval ranks and responsibilities, 183–6, 217; ill-health, 184–5; attends Cabinet meetings, 186, 217; death, 186, 546; as moderating
influence on Anne, 186–7; at Anne’s Coronation banquet, 188; birthday celebrated, 229; commissions portraits of admirals, 233; portrait, 234; at Windsor, 235; asthma attacks, 246–7, 259, 294; votes for bill outlawing Occasional Conformity, 248; denied financial settlement by Whigs, 250–1; opposes 1703 Occasional Conformity bill, 262; meets Charles III of Spain, 263; pleads for retention of Buckingham, 279; and George Churchill’s position on naval council, 320, 333; takes Jack Hill as page and Groom of Bedchamber, 321–2; Arbuthnot treats, 326; at Newmarket, 332; retains George Churchill in naval council, 335; on Marlborough’s detachment from Godolphin, 339; persuades Anne to abandon Harley’s proposals, 341; Anne seeks advice from, 350; not told of Sarah Marlborough’s unkindness to Anne, 352; supports George Churchill against Whig attacks, 366; final illness, death and funeral, 369–72

George Ludwig, Elector of Hanover
see
George I, King

Ghent, 357, 376, 479

Gibbons, Grinling, 234, 237

Gibbons, Dr William, 150, 162

Gibraltar: Rooke captures, 273; Britain demands in 1711 peace negotiations, 450, 452, 478; Britain gains, 494

Gibson, Richard, 18

Gloucester, Prince William, Duke of (Anne’s son): dancing lessons, 17, 144; education and upbringing, 20, 142, 144, 162; birth, 113; childhood ill-health and hydrocephalus, 121, 143–5, 148, 161; punished for incapacity, 143; character and manner, 145; on aunt Mary’s death, 149; honorary knighthood, 153; as potential successor to throne, 153; household and allowance, 157, 321; eleventh birthday, 161; final illness and death, 162–4, 192, 215, 234

Godolphin, Lady Harriet
see
Rialton, Henrietta, Viscountess

Godolphin, Sidney, 1st Earl: relations with Marlboroughs, 125; serves Anne and George, 125–6, 134; and Anne’s estrangement from William and Mary, 149; and succession question, 166; and mourning for James II, 169; links with Saint-Germain court, 171; partnership with Marlborough, 174, 201, 263; as Privy Councillor, 174; on Anne’s speech to Parliament, 176; and George’s military position, 184; and George’s influence on Anne, 186; as Lord Treasurer under Anne, 201–3; Harley liaises with, 205–7; and Anne’s first government, 208; supports Anne in public duties, 216–17, 220; Anne breaks with, 216, 244; and Rivers’ expedition to Spain, 219; influence in foreign relations, 220–1; sells Windsor property to Anne, 235; negotiates with Henry Wise for Anne, 236; Anne views as friend, 237, 369; attachment to Sarah Marlborough, 244, 411–12; with Anne on visit to Bath, 247; and Occasional Conformity bills, 248, 262; and Sarah’s reaction to husband’s dukedom, 249; and Scots policy, 257, 264, 270, 283, 298; and Nottingham’s protest and resignation, 266–7; rebukes Sarah Marlborough for behaviour towards Anne, 267–8, 272–3; frustrated attempts to reach deal with Whigs, 269, 367; and Marlborough’s military strategy, 270; Anne confesses estrangement from Sarah, 275; and tacked Land Tax Bill, 276; in Lords debate on Act of Security, 277; and removal of Buckingham from office, 279; and Sarah’s interference in building of Blenheim Palace, 279; concessions to Whigs, 281, 285, 300, 302, 308–9, 311, 330–1; has Sunderland posted to Vienna as ambassador, 281; and Argyll’s appointments in Scotland, 282–3; rejects French peace proposals (1705), 284; and Cowper’s appointment as Lord Keeper, 285–6; on Tory move to bring Sophia of Hanover to England, 290; proposes Sunderland for Secretary of State, 301–2, 306, 310–11, 318; and Anne’s breach with Sarah Marlborough, 304–7, 351; suspicion of Harley’s influence on Anne, 311; and ecclesiastical preferments, 318, 320; accuses Harley of influencing Anne, 321; Sarah warns against Abigail Masham, 328; offers to resign, 330–1, 340; dismay at loss of Shovell, 334; and Harley’s proposals for new ministry, 335–7, 418; turns against Harley for disloyalty, 337–8; abandoned by Marlborough, 338–9; and Harley’s dismissal, 342; and planned Jacobite invasion (1708), 344; and Anne’s opposition to promoting Whigs, 349–51; and proposed promotion of Somers, 350; Anne refuses advice, 352; denies Marlborough’s plan to bring Hanover member to England, 359; Harley criticises, 368; and Prince George’s health decline, 370; on Anne at husband’s death, 373; difficult relations with Somers, 376–7; Whigs fail to support, 376; and peace proposals to France (1709), 384–5; Sarah shows accusatory dossier to Anne, 391; and proposed appointment of Orford to Lord High Admiral, 392; and impeachment of Sacheverell, 394; and Anne’s appointment of Rivers and Jack Hill, 396; and Marlborough’s dispute with Anne, 396–7; draws up response for Anne praising Marlborough, 400;
opposes Shrewsbury’s appointment, 409; Anne trusts and values, 411; feels threatened by Harley, 411; strained relations with Sarah, 411–12; and Sunderland’s dismissal, 414–15; Harley seeks dismissal, 419; Anne dismisses, 420–1, 523; offends Anne, 420; death, 421; pension unpaid, 421; threatened with Parliamentary impeachment, 438; opposes 1711 peace proposals, 462; and Anne’s self-deprecation, 546