Redeemers (69 page)

“To Roosevelt,” 38

Deas, Malcolm, 333, 342

Debray, Régis, 324, 355, 356

de la Grange, Bertrand, 424, 429

de la Guardia, Antonio, 359–60, 361

de la Guardia, Ileana, 360

de la Guardia, Patricio, 359, 360

democracy:

and barbarism, 34

as chaos, 45

and
democratización,
224–25

and elections, 489

in Latin America, xiv, 45, 267, 269, 342, 445–47, 488–89

and socialism, 228

Derba, Mimí, 131

Descartes, René, 228

de Soto, Hernando (economist), 383–84

Dewey, John, 71

Díaz, Porfirio, 18, 28, 45, 53

dictatorship of, 49, 54, 56, 71, 126, 167, 187

in France, 128

Paz as supporter of, 123–24, 125, 126, 127–28, 132, 149

and reelection, 129

resignation of, 129

Díaz Ordaz, Gustavo, 199, 212, 214, 215–17, 226

Díaz, Soto y Gama, Antonio, 137, 139

Diego, Gerardo, 144

Dieste, Rafael, 154, 155

Disney, Walt, 441

Djilas, Milovan, 234

Domínguez, Christopher, 269

Dominican order, 409, 411, 413, 438

Dos Passos, John, 155

Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 230

Dozal, Martín, 215–16, 217

Dreyfus, Albert, 39

Duarte, Eva,
see
Perón, Eva

Duarte, Juan (brother), 288

Duarte, Juan (father), 279–80

Dujovne Ortiz, Alicia,
Eva Perón,
276, 280, 284, 285, 286

Dumas, Alexandre, 372

Dumont, René, 310

Duncan, Isadora, 60, 68

 

Echeverría Álvarez, Luis, 217–19, 226, 240, 246, 418

Edad de Oro, La
(The Golden Age), 15–16

Einstein, Albert, 108

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 295, 310, 311, 313

El cóndor pasa,
93–94

Elías Calles, Plutarco, 38, 135, 136, 142, 280, 410

Eliot, T. S., 144, 152, 158, 163, 164, 484

Eliseo, José del Carmen, 89

Elmore, Edwin, 88, 89

El Salvador:

civil war in, 258

elections in, 259

guerrilla action in, 423

Éluard, Paul, 231, 441

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 13

Engels, Friedrich, 40, 142, 148–49, 223, 227, 230, 464, 467

Esteban, Ángel, and Panichelli,

Fidel & Gabo,
357

Estrada Cabrera, Manuel, 88, 335–36, 348

Europe, colonialism of, 40

Evita
(film), 281

Excélsior,
211, 218, 219, 234, 240, 242

 

Falcón, César, 96, 102

fascism:

and Carlyle, 471–72

in Italy, 99–100, 141, 465

slogan: “Long live Death,” 154

in Spain, 149, 154, 157, 465

Faulkner, William, 376

Faustino I, emperor of Haiti, 464

Felipe, León, 157–58, 161–62, 165, 437

“To Christ,” 316–17

Fernández Retamar, Roberto, 201–2, 380

Fichte, Johann, 35, 469

Flaubert, Gustave, 93

Flores Galindo, Alberto, 394, 444–45

Flores Magón, Jesús, 130

Flores Magón, Ricardo, 130, 135

Fondo de Cultura Económica, 109, 166, 200, 248

Foucault, Michel, 436

Fourier, Charles, 221

France:

Dreyfus Affair in, 39

influence in Latin America, 34–35, 37

“lost generation” in, 100

War of the French Intervention (1862–67), 123

France, Anatole, 90

Francia, José Gaspar Rodríguez de, 471

Franciscan order, 411

Franco, Francisco, 82, 163, 168, 193, 221, 264, 388

Franklin, Benjamin, 27

Franqui, Carlos, 302, 311, 313, 318

Family Portrait with Fidel,
319

FREDEMO (Frente Democratico), 395–96

Freire, Paulo,
Pedagogy of the Oppressed,
415

French Revolution, 267, 360, 486

Freud, Sigmund, 101, 184, 484

Freude, Rudolf Ludwig, 285, 286

Friedman, Milton, 383

Frost, Robert, 182

Fuentes, Carlos, 195, 201, 207, 219, 220, 345, 346, 348

Fujimori, Alberto, 396–98

 

Gadea, Hilda, 302

Gaitán, Jorge Eliécer, 341

Gallegos, Rómulo, 295

Gamboa, Berta “Bertuca,” 158

Gamío, Manuel, 175

Gandhi, Mohandas K. (Mahatma), 77, 98

Ganivet, Ángel, 31

Gaos, José, 172, 197, 205

García, Alan, 395

García, Calixto, 6

García, Uriel, 394

García Calderón, Francisco, 44–45, 90

Las democracias latinas de América,
470

García Lorca, Federico, 144, 158

García Márquez, Gabriel,
332
, 333–63, 388, 401, 447, 488

and
Alternativa,
352

and anti-imperialism, 339, 342–43

The Autumn of the Patriarch,
347–51, 356, 357

and Castro, 335–36, 341, 346, 351, 352–53, 355–63

and Cuban Revolution, 351, 352–54, 356, 362

and El Bogotazo (1948), 341–42

early years of, 343–44

The General in His Labyrinth,
358, 360–61

and his grandfather, 333–35, 336–37, 338–40, 351, 361

honors and awards to, 335, 356

as journalist, 346–47, 351–57, 363

Living to Tell the Tale,
336, 339

and magic realism, 348–49, 351–52, 453

marriage and family of, 344, 345

Martin's biography of, 336, 338, 343–47, 352, 356, 358, 359

memoirs of, 336, 338, 339, 340–41

Memories of My Melancholy Whores,
340

and New Latin American Cinema Foundation, 357–58

No One Writes to the Colonel,
345
One Hundred Years of Solitude,
334, 337–38, 339, 340, 341, 344, 346–47, 350, 356, 381

Operación Carlota: Cuba in Angola,
356

Textos costeños,
344

Time to Die
(film script), 337

“The Trail of Your Blood in the Snow,” 345

and Vietnam, 354–55

and words, 333–35, 343

García Moreno, Gabriel, 43

Gardel, Carlos, 274

Garfield, James, 8

Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 43

Garro, Elena, 147–48, 150, 160, 169, 183, 193

jobs held by, 162, 182

marriage of Paz and, 154

Memorias de España 1937,
155

Recuerdos del porvenir
(Memories of the Future), 204

separation and divorce of Paz and, 203–4, 205

Soriano's portrait of, 169–70

in Spain, 154, 156, 157, 159

on Stalinism, 193

Generation of '27, 144

Generation of '68, 218, 220, 222, 224, 245

Generation of '98, 31, 96, 154, 172

Gentile, Giovanni, 98, 99

Germany:

and Argentina, 284–85, 287

and Nazi concentration camps, 268, 287

precious objects stolen in, 285–87

Third Reich in, 35

and World War II, 81–82, 83, 84

Gide, André, 171, 233, 265

Les nourritures terrestres
(The Fruits of the Earth), 373

Retour de l'URSS
(Return from the USSR), 151, 155

Gil Fortoul, José, 470

Gilly, Adolfo, 261

La Revolución traicionada
(The Revolution Betrayed), 220–21

Gimferrer, Pere, 259

Glucksmann, André, 244

Gobetti, Piero, 102

Goebbels, Joseph, 81, 281, 288

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 54, 150

Gómez, Juan Carlos, 43

Gómez, Juan Vicente, 72, 470, 478

Gómez, Máximo, 12, 17, 18

Gómez Farías, Valentin, 175

Gómez Morín, Manuel, 51

González, Pablo, 130

González González, Valentín, 193

González Prada, Manuel, 92, 93, 103, 113

Good Neighbor Policy, 294

Gorbachev, Mikhail, 358–59, 428

Gorostiza, José, 144, 182

Grameen Bank of Bangladesh, 226

Gramsci, Antonio, 98, 99, 101, 102

Grieg, Nordahl, 155

Groussac, Paul, “Mexico,” 34, 36, 39, 45

Guam, U.S. acquisition of, 25

Guatemala:

Che in, 295–96

CIA in, 295, 301

military terror in, 423

Guerrero, Vicente, 56

Guevara, Ernesto “Che,” 165,
292
, 293–330, 487

and agrarian reform, 312–13

anti-Yankeeism of, 39, 296, 307, 313

asthma of, 297–99, 301, 304, 306, 317

birth and early years of, 296–300

in Bolivia, 319–20, 329, 378–79, 393

and Castro, 293, 302–3, 304, 318, 319, 320

in Congo, 318–19

and Cuban economy, 308–15

and Cuban Revolution, 304, 306–8, 317–18, 327

death of, 319, 320, 323, 324–25, 327, 447

description of, 302

and
guajiros
(peasants), 306, 312–13

in Guatemala, 295–96

Guerrilla Warfare,
301

and hate, 328–29

influence of, 218, 226, 227, 228, 234, 246, 293, 305, 317, 323, 330, 452, 469

and Marcos, 437–38, 439

marriage of, 303

“Message to the Tricontinental,” 329

mythical persona of, 300, 301, 319, 321–27, 330

personal austerity of, 305, 315

poetry written by, 303–4, 316

in Sierra Maestra, 304–6, 318, 327

Socialism and Man in Cuba,
328

son of, 321–22

and Soviet Union, 310–11, 312, 315–16

travels of, 296, 300–303, 317–19, 328

writings of, 248, 301, 328

Guevara Lynch, Ernesto (father), 296–97

Guillén, Nicolás, 155, 304

Guillén Vicente, Rafael Sebastián (Marcos), 248, 436

Gutiérrez, Eulalio, 133

Gutiérrez Cuevas, Teodomiro (Rumi Maqui), 94, 434, 435, 436

Gutiérrez Nájara, Manuel, 137

Guzmán, Abimael, 386, 398

Guzmán Blanco, Antonio, 7

 

Halperin Donghi, Tulio, 288

Hamilton, Alexander, 16

Harnecker, Marta, 248

Haro Paz, Guillermo, 175

Haya de la Torre, Víctor Raúl, 40, 72, 302

and APRA, 111–12, 115, 373

and Mariátegui, 103–4, 111

Hayek, Friedrich, 383

Hay, John, 30

Haymarket Riot, Chicago, 5

Hearst, William Randolph, 25

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 40, 228

Philosophy of History,
462

Philosophy of Right,
462

Hemingway, Ernest, 155, 182, 310

Henestrosa, Andrés, 77–78, 79

Henríquez Ureña, Pedro, 35, 37, 38, 54, 55, 66, 73, 74

Henríquez y Carvajal, Federico, 18, 54

Heraclitus, 65

Hernández, Lázaro, 423–24

Hernández, Miguel, 168, 437

Herrán, Saturnino, 52

Herzen, Alexander, 383

Hidalgo y Costilla, Miguel, 56, 136–37, 384, 408, 442

Hijar, Alberto, 437

Hitler, Adolf, 81–82, 141, 145, 161, 170

and Croatia, 286–87

Mein Kampf,
81

and Stalin, 164, 166

and World War II, 164

Hobbes, Thomas, 485

Ho Chi Minh, 354

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 15

Holocaust denial, 480

Hopper, Edward, 120

Horace, 243

Hora de España,
154–55

Howe, Irving, 268

Huerta, David, 180, 223

Huerta, Efrain, 143, 180

Huerta, Victoriano, 50, 55, 56, 130

Huidobro, Vicente, 155

Huitzilopochtli, 75, 214

Huizinga, Johan, 145

Hungary, 1956 uprising in, 194

Husserl, Edmund, 196

 

Ibarguren, Juana, 279–80

Ibárruri Gómez, Dolores, 149

Iduarte, Andrés, 145

Ifigenia (cook), 175

Ignacio de Loyola, San, 83

Imbert, Aníbal, 275

Inca Empire, 112, 394, 434

Indians:

ayllu
system, 106

and catechetical movement, 411, 413, 415–21, 422, 438

conversion (Spiritual Conquest) of, 70, 411

grassroots projects of, 422

influence on the arts, 70, 71, 73

and liberation theology, 415–16, 438

and Marcos, 436, 440, 441, 444–47, 448

and Mariátegui, 106–8, 113–15, 116, 435–36, 448

and Marxism, 107

in Mexico, 136, 239, 254, 259, 262, 263, 366, 408–31, 433, 435, 442

National Indian Conference, Chiapas, 417–18

in Peru, 90, 93–94, 106–8, 111, 112, 113–15, 116, 366, 394

and Política Popular, 421–22

rebellion (1712), 419

and Ruiz,
see
Ruiz, Samuel

“silent masses” of, 16–17

as slaves, 408, 410, 430

souls of, 408

tuhuneles,
419–20

weakness of, 37

and “Word of God,” 411, 415, 417, 420, 430, 438

Ingenieros, José, 327

International PEN, 382

Italy:

Communist Party in, 101

Fascist Party in, 99–100, 141, 465

futurism in, 100 World War I in, 100

Ituarte, Gonzalo, 427, 428

Iturbide, Agustín de, 56

Izquierdo, María, 190

 

Jackson, Helen Hunt,
Ramona,
13

James, Jesse, 8

James, William, 5

Jaurès, Jean, 39

Jesuit order, 248, 390, 411, 415, 438

Jiang Qing, 273–74

Jiménez, Juan Ramón, 144, 157

John Paul II, Pope, 358

John XXIII, Pope, 277, 390, 407, 412–13

Joyce, James,
Ulysses,
146

Juárez, Benito, 128, 223

dictatorship of, 125, 126

entry into Mexico City, 123

as Indian, 53, 366

and liberal Republic, 28, 29, 123, 239, 263

and Reform, 71, 239, 262

Julian the Apostate, 257