Revolutionary Ideas: An Intellectual History of the French Revolution From the Rights of Man to Robespierre (140 page)

84
.  Ibid., 55–57; Tortarolo,
L’Invenzione
, 165.

85
.  Israel,
Democratic Republic
, 398–99, 646; Dorigny, “L’émergence d’un ‘parti républicain,’ ” 111.

86
.  Desmoulins,
Vieux Cordelier
, 74–76, 80, 90, 96, 119.

CHAPTER 3

From Estates-General to National Assembly (April–June 1789)

1
.  Morellet to Bentham, Paris, 8 May 1789, in Morellet,
Lettres
, 2:128–30; Petitfils,
Louis XVI
, 2:161–69.

2
.  Volney,
Discours prononcé dans la Chambre
(8 May 1789), 2, 4; Baker, “Political Languages,” 631.

3
.  Brissot,
Plan de conduite
, 104–5.

4
.  Ibid., vii–viii.

5
.  Ibid., 224, 229–30.

6
.  Baker, “Political Languages,” 631; Tackett,
Becoming a Revolutionary
, 23; Fitzsimmons,
Remaking of France
, 42.

7
.  Jefferson,
Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, 15:196.

8
.  Jefferson to Jay, Paris, 24 June 1789, in ibid., 15:205.

9
.  
Archives Parlementaires
, 8:144–45 (23 June 1789).

10
.  Ibid., 8:145; Fitzsimmons,
Remaking of France
, 43.

11
.  
Archives Parlementaires
, 8:143 (23 June 1789).

12
.  Ibid., 8:145–47.

13
.  Jefferson to Jay, Paris, 29 June 1789, in Jefferson,
Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, 15:221–22.

14
.  
Archives Parlementaires
, 8:165–66 (27 June 1789).

15
.  Ibid., 8:171–72 (30 June 1789).

16
.  Slavin,
French Revolution
, 62; Lemny,
Jean-Louis Carra
, 158–59; E. Badinter and R. Badinter,
Condorcet
,
1743–1794
, 267.

17
.  Tønnesson, “La démocratie directe,” 298.

18
.  Slavin,
French Revolution
, 57–58.

19
.  Jefferson to Paine, Paris, 11 July 1789, in Jefferson,
Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, 15:268–69.

20
.  Ibid., 15:230–32.

21
.  Sabatier,
Journal politique
1 (1790), 47; McMahon,
Enemies of the Enlightenment
, 65.

22
.  Jefferson to Jay, Paris, 19 July 1789, in Jefferson,
Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, 15:285.

23
.  
Archives Parlementaires
, 8:208–10 (8 July 1789).

24
.  “Réponse du roi,” 10 July 1789, in Gorsas,
Courrier
1, no. 3, 108; Mirabeau,
Collection complète
, 1:317–19.

25
.  Gorsas,
Courrier
1, no. 9 (15 July 1789), 131.

26
.  Jefferson to Paine, Paris, 273, in Jefferson,
Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, 15:273.

27
.  Gorsas,
Courrier
1, no. 11 (17 July 1789), 161.

28
.  Desmoulins,
Vieux Cordelier
, 115; Malouet,
Mémoires
, 1:326.

29
.  Hammersley,
French Revolutionaries
, 36–37, 60; Ozouf, “La Révolution française,” 213.

30
.  Gorsas,
Courrier
1, no. 9 (15 July 1789), 142.

31
.  
Archives Parlementaires
, 8:223, 8:229 (8 July 1789).

32
.  Lucas, “Crowd and Politics,” 264.

33
.  Villette,
Lettres
, 4.

34
.  
Lettre à M. le Marquis de Luchet
, 60, 101.

35
.  Gaulmier,
Un grand témoin
, 89–90; Peterson,
Thomas Jefferson
, 379.

36
.  Marmontel,
Mémoires
, 3:185, 3:187; Staum,
Cabanis
, 122–23; Arnaud,
Chamfort
, 151–52, 162–63, 166–75.

37
.  Morellet,
Mémoires
, 1:381; Mortier,
Le Coeur et la raison
, 458.

38
.  Naigeon,
Lettre du Citoyen
, 2, 7.

39
.  Garat,
Mémoires historiques
, 2:315, 2:354, 365–66; Pellerin, “Naigeon,” 32; Mortier, “Les héritiers,” 457–59.

40
.  Morellet,
Mémoires
, 1:387–88; Guillois,
Salon de Madame Helvétius
, 71–72; Rials,
La Déclaration des droits
, 125.

41
.  Lawday,
Giant of the French Revolution
, 49–52.

42
.  Monnier, “L’Évolution,” 50–51; Geffroy, “Louise de Kéralio-Robert,” 6; Hammersley,
French Revolutionaries
, 18–19.

43
.  Lucas, “Crowd and Politics,” 274.

44
.  “Vie de Sylvain Bailly,” in Bailly,
Œuvres posthumes
, xii–xiii, xxxi, xlii–xliii.; Mounier,
De l’influence
, 103–4; Lortholary,
Le mirage russe
, 259.

45
.  Bergasse,
Considérations sur la liberté
, 19, 27.

46
.  Tønnesson, “La démocratie directe,” 298; Hampson,
Will and Circumstance
, 174–76.

47
.  Kates,
Cercle Social
, 34–36, 41; Hammersley,
French Revolutionaries
, 24–27.

48
.  
Actes, Commune de Paris
, Lacroix (ed.), ser. 1, introduction, 1:xvii–xviii; Hammersley,
French Revolutionaries
, 18, 22–24.

49
.  
Actes, Commune de Paris
, Lacroix (ed.), ser. 1, introduction, 2:ix; [Carra],
La Raison
, 198–99.

50
.  Villette,
Lettres choisies
, 6.

51
.  Hardman,
Louis XVI
, 105–8; Lüsebrink et al.,
The Bastille
, 39, 46.

52
.  Herding and Reichardt,
Die Bildpublistik
, 76.

53
.  Doyle,
Parlement of Bordeaux
, 304–5; Auerbach, “Politics, Protest,” 151–52; Forrest,
Revolution in Provincial France
, 64–65, 67–68.

54
.  Fontana et al.,
Venise et la Révolution
, 320; Martin,
Violence et révolution
, 67–69.

55
.  Dumont,
Mémoires de Mirabeau
, 94–95.

56
.  Furet,
Revolutionary France
, 69; Martin,
Violence et révolution
, 61–62.

57
.  Chénier,
De la Liberté du théâtre
, 13, 45; Schama,
Citizens: A Chronicle
, 495; Friedland,
Political Actors
, 260–69.

58
.  Chénier,
Dénonciation des Inquisiteurs
, 45–46; Brown, “Le Débat sur la liberté,” 45.

59
.  Chénier,
Dénonciation des Inquisiteurs
, 41; Chénier,
Discours prononcé à la Convention
, 20–23.

60
.  Chénier,
Dénonciation des Inquisiteurs
, 30–31;
Chronique de Paris
1, 28 (20 Sept. 1789), 110; Birn, “Religious Toleration,” 280.

61
.  Maslan,
Revolutionary Acts
, 30–31.

62
.  
Mercure national
24 (10 May 1791), 384.

63
.  Ibid., 33.

64
.  Chénier,
De la Liberté
, 22, 43.

65
.  Ibid., 28; Marsan,
Revolutionary Acts
, 38.

66
.  Chénier,
De la Liberté
, 38–39; Friedland,
Political Actors
, 266.

67
.  Marsan,
Revolutionary Acts
, 49–50.

68
.  [Prudhomme],
Révolutions
6 (16/22 Aug.), 26; Brissot,
Le Patriote français
19 (18 Aug. 1789), 1; Lichtenberg,
Schriften und Briefe
, 1:700; Graczyk, “Le théâtre de la Révolution française,” 399.

69
.  Thompson,
French Revolution
, 29; Quiviger, “Sieyès,” 128–29, 134.

70
.  Sieyès,
Manuscrits, 1773–1799
, 214, 256, 259.

71
.  Quiviger, “Sieyès,” 141–42; Sewell,
Rhetoric of Bourgeois Revolution
, 53–54.

72
.  Thompson,
French Revolution
, 29; Forsyth,
Reason and Revolution
, 38.

73
.  Price to Jefferson, Hackney, 3 Aug. 1789, in Jefferson,
Papers of Thomas Jefferson
, 15:329.

CHAPTER 4

The Rights of Man: Summer and Autumn 1789

1
.  Hardman,
Louis XVI
, 110.

2
.  Sieyès,
Essai
, 5; Sieyès,
Quest-ce que le Tiers
, 175–76, 179–80; Sewell,
Rhetoric of Bourgeois Revolution
, 28.

3
.  Sieyès,
Essai
, 3, 9–10; Forsyth,
Reason and Revolution
, 86–88.

4
.  [Prudhomme and Tournon],
Les Révolutions de Paris
5 (9/15 Aug. 1789), 27–29; Marmontel,
Mémoires
, 3:195; La Gorce,
Histoire religieuse
, 1:215–16; Whaley,
Radicals
, 22.

5
.  Rabaut de Saint-Étienne,
Précis historique
, 58, 62–64; Doyle,
Origins of the French Revolution
, 146.

6
.  Sieyès,
Essai
, 5; Forsyth,
Reason and Revolution
, 64–68, 72–78.

7
.  Mirabeau,
Courrier
23 (3/5 Aug. 1789), 24–28.

8
.  Mackrell,
Attack on “Feudalism
,
”
173–74; Sonenscher,
Sans-Culottes
, 305.

9
.  Bailly,
Mémoires de Bailly
, 2:266; Marmontel,
Mémoires
, 3:308; Fontana et al.,
Venise et la Révolution
, 320.

10
.  Bailly,
Mémoires de Bailly
, 2:216.

11
.  Chaudon,
Dictionnaire anti-philosophique
, 1:324.

12
.  Brissot,
Le Patriote français
10 (7 Aug. 1789), 3; Loft,
Passion, Politics
, 177–79.

13
.  Sieyès,
Qu’est-ce que le Tiers
, 32; Baker, “Reason and Revolution,” 87; Sewell,
Rhetoric of Bourgeois Revolution
, 58–63.

14
.  Baudot,
Notes historiques
, 7, 220, 225; Bailly,
Mémoires de Bailly
, 2:255–56, 2:275; Sewell,
Rhetoric of Bourgeois Revolution
, 131–36.

15
.  Loft,
Passion, Politics
, 9–13.

16
.  Doyle,
Aristocracy and Its Enemies
, 122–30.

17
.  Luttrell,
Mirabeau
, 116–17, 174–76; Staum,
Cabanis
, 125–27; Gaulmier,
Un grand témoin
, 85, 96, 106–7; Israel,
Democratic Enlightenment
, 900–901.

18
.  
Archives Parlementaires
, 8:434 (13 Aug. 1789);
Journal des décrets
5, 10 (1789), 26; Brissot,
Le Patriote français
17 (15 Aug. 1789), 2, 5 and 18 (17 Aug. 1789), 1–3.

19
.  
Actes, Commune de Paris
, Lacroix (ed.), ser. 1, 1:xvii–xviii and introduction, 2:v–vi, ix.

20
.  Mirabeau,
Courrier
22 (1/3 Aug. 1789), 13; [Prudhomme and Tournon],
Les Révolutions de Paris
6 (16/22 Aug. 1789), 36–37 and 7 (22/27 Aug. 1789), 38–41.

21
.  Guilhaumou,
L’Avènement
, 120–22.

22
.  Brissot,
Mémoires (1734–1793)
, 2:105.

23
.  Bailly,
Mémoires de Bailly
, 2:211; Dumont,
Mémoires de Mirabeau
, 96–97; D. Williams,
Condorcet and Modernity
, 28–29; Baker,
Condorcet
, 265–68.