Authors: Jonathan Israel
Tags: #History, #Europe, #France, #Revolutionary, #Modern, #18th Century, #Philosophy, #Political, #Social
63
. Brissot,
Mémoires (1734–1793)
, 2:85–86; Audouin,
Journal universel
, no. 560 (5 June 1791), 8075–7.
64
. Audouin,
Journal universel
, no. 559 (4 June 1791), 8069; Labbé,
Anacharsis Cloots
, 165.
65
.
T. G. Raynal démasqué
, 6; Mortier,
Anacharsis Cloots
, 212–13; Israel,
Democratic Enlightenment
, 936.
66
. Brissot,
Le Patriote français
665 (4 June 1791), 619–20 and 667 (6 June 1791), 626–27.
67
. BN pamph. étampes, no. G162323 and 10978.
68
. BL R 643/6,
Lettre du Citoyen Naigeon, 6 Germianl An V
, 2, 4; Israel,
Democratic Enlightenment
, 947.
69
. Naigeon,
Encyclopédie méthodique
, 2:viii, xxiii–xxv.
70
. Naigeon,
Adresse à l’Assemblée Nationale
, 100–102; Pellerin, “Naigeon,” 30, 32.
71
. Staum,
Cabanis
, 29, 91.
72
. Naigeon,
Encyclopédie méthodique
, 2:221–22.
73
. Elyada, “Les récits,” 283–85.
74
. Bonneville,
La Bouche de fer,
no. 42 (14 April 1791), 116.
75
. Ibid., no. 42 (14 April 1791), 104–7; Mortier,
Anacharsis Cloots
, 200–202.
76
. [Bonneville],
La Bouche de fer
no. 37 (1 April 1791), 20; Sorkin,
Religious Enlightenment
, 302.
77
. [Bonneville],
La Bouche de fer
, no. 42 (14 April 1791), 108–14.
78
. Ibid., no. 43 (16 April 1791), 122, 129.
79
. Fauchet,
Journal des Amis
1, prospectus, 4–5.
80
. [Bonneville],
La Bouche de fer
, no. 42 (14 April 1791), 101.
81
. Chopelin-Banc,
De l’Apologétique
, 296–305; Mortier,
Anacharsis Cloots
, 204.
82
. Elyada, “Le représentation,” 532–37.
83
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 27:378–83 (21 June 1791); Hardman,
Louis XVI
, 115; Hampson,
Will and Circumstance
, 155.
84
. Elyada, “Les récits,” 286–88.
85
. Ibid., 288–89; Elyada, “La représentation,” 528.
86
. Marat,
L’Ami du peuple
, no. 497 (22 June 1791), 3068–69; Dingli,
Robespierre
, 135, 183–84; Barnave,
De la Révolution
, 144.
87
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 27:364, 27:366, 27:372 (21 June 1791);
Journal de Paris
, no. 177 (26 June 1791), 709.
88
.
Journal du Club des Cordeliers
10 (4 Aug.1791), 86–87.
89
. Ibid., 1 (28 June 1791), 1–2.
90
. Audouin,
Journal universel
, no. 580 (25 June 1791), 10034–35; Bertaud,
Les Amis du roi
, 209.
91
. Carra,
Annales patriotiques
638 (2 July 1791), 1625; Durozoy,
La Gazette de Paris
, 22 June 1791, 1–2.
92
. Fontana et al.,
Venise et la Révolution
, 584; Levasseur,
Mémoires de R. Levasseur
, 1:40; Prudhomme,
Histoire générale
, 1:11.
93
.
Journal du Club des Cordeliers
1 (28 June 1791), 3.
94
. Ibid., 2–3; Antheunis,
Le conventionnel belge
, 23–25.
95
.
La Chronique de Paris
207 (26 July 1791), 835.
96
. Carra,
Annales patriotiques
642 (6 July 1791), 1643 and 663 (7 July 1791), 1651.
97
. Ibid., 645 (9 July 1791), 1656 and 666 (10 July 1791), 1661.
98
. Ibid., 649 (13 July 1791), 1673; Monnier, “Républicanisme,” 104.
99
. Roland,
Memoirs
, 82; D’Abrantès,
Salons révolutionnaires
, 90–91; Gueniffey, “Brissot,” 440, 450; Dingli,
Robespierre
, 163.
100
. Kates,
Cercle Social
, 161; Hampson,
Life and Opinions
, 78–79; Nelson,
Thomas Paine
, 212–13.
101
. Carra,
Annales patriotiques
645 (9 July 1791), 1655.
102
. Ibid., 643 (7 July 1791), 1648, 1651; Lemny,
Jean-Louis Carra
, 208.
103
. M. L. Kennedy,
Jacobin Clubs
, 280.
104
.
Journal du Club des Cordeliers
, no. 7 (10 July 1791), 60; Whaley,
Radicals
, 41.
105
. Doyle,
Oxford History
, 152–53; M. L. Kennedy,
Jacobin Clubs
, 282; Monnier, “Démocratie représentative,” 8.
106
. Jordan,
Revolutionary Career
, 72.
107
. Whaley,
Radicals
, 42.
108
. Hébert,
Le Père Duchesne
59 (June 1791), 1 and no. 60, 2; Elyada, “La représentation,” 533, 537, 541, 544.
109
. Carra,
Annales patriotiques
638 (2 July 1792), 1623; Desmoulins,
Révolutions de France et de Brabant
86 (July 1791), 5–6;
Journal du Club des Cordeliers
1 (28 June 1791), 7–8.
110
.
Journal du Club des Cordeliers
1 (28 June 1791), 7; Fontana et al.,
Venise et la Révolution
, 586–87.
111
.
Journal du Club des Cordeliers
7 (10 July 1792), 62, 64.
112
. Brissot,
Discours sur la question
, 2–4.
113
. Fréron,
L’Orateur du peuple
7, no. 2 (July 1791), 9.
114
. Carra,
Annales Patriotiques
647 (11 July 1791), 1655;
La Chronique de Paris
193 (12 July 1791), 779, 781.
115
. Bouissounouse,
Condorcet
, 233; Jones,
Great Nation
, 530; Jourdan, “Le culte de Rousseau,” 60–61.
116
. Fontana et al.,
Venise et la Révolution
, 538; Staël,
Considerations
, 267; Scurr,
Fatal Purity
, 130–31.
117
.
La Chronique de Paris
, no. 193 (12 July 1791), 781; ibid., no. 262 (20 September), 1061.
118
. Ibid., no. 192 (11 July 1791), 773 and 781–83; Carra,
Annales patriotiques
647 (11 July 1791), 1664.
119
. Feller,
Journal historique et littéraire
(1792), 149.
120
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 29:736–37 (27 Aug, 1791).
121
. Ginguené,
Petition to Assemblée nationale
, 27 Aug. 1791, 2; Ginguené,
Lettres
, 63–65.
122
. Ginguené,
Petition to Assemblée nationale
, 5.
123
.
Archives Parlementaires,
29:756 (27 Aug. 1791); Miller,
Rousseau
, 139, 241; Swenson,
On Jean-Jacques Rousseau
, 10.
124
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 29:755–56 (27 Aug. 1791); Jourdan, “Le culte de Rousseau,” 62–63.
125
. Ginguené,
Lettres
, 30, 53.
126
. Ibid., 80–82.
127
. Ibid., 87–88, 131–45.
128
. Ibid., 132.
129
. Ginguené,
Petition to Assemblée nationale
, 3–4;
Archives Parlementaires
, 29:756 (27 Aug. 1791).
130
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 29:760–61 (27 Aug. 1791).
131
. Ibid., 29:191 (4 Sept. 1791).
132
.
La Chronique de Paris,
no. 211 (30 July 1791), 851.
133
. Ibid., no. 195 (14 July 1791), 788, 790, and no. 196 (15 July 1791), 793.
134
. Ibid., no. 207 (26 July 1791), 835–36.
135
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 28:325–26 (15 July 1791); Fitzsimmons,
Remaking of France
, 124–25.
136
. Barnave,
Power, Property and History
, 27, 29, 33, 38.
137
. Ibid., 101, 141.
138
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 28:330–31 (15 July 1791); Barnave,
Power, Property and History
, 19–20, 27; Furet, “Les Girondins,” 197.
139
. Feller,
Journal historique et littéraire
(19 Aug. 1792), 148.
140
.
La Chronique de Paris
, no. 197 (16 July 1791), 798.
141
. Doyle,
Oxford History
, 153.
142
.
La Chronique de Paris,
no. 197 (16 July 1791), 796, and no. 207 (26 July 1791), 836; Roederer,
Spirit of the Revolution
, 37.
143
.
La Chronique de Paris
, no. 207 (26 July1791), 836; Burstin,
Révolution
, 256.
144
.
Grande Petition presentée
…
par quarante mille citoyens
(15 July), 2.
145
.
La Chronique de Paris
, no. 197 (16 July 1791), 796–97.
146
.
Grande Petition presentée
…
par quarante mille citoyens
(15 July).
147
.
La Chronique de Paris
, no. 208 (27 July 1791), 839.
148
. Ibid., no. 199 (18 July 1791), 805; Applewhite,
Political Alignment
, 124–25.
149
.
La Chronique de Paris,
no. 200 (19 July 1791), 809, and no. 202 (21 July 1791), 816.
150
. Fontana et al.,
Venise et la Révolution
, 596–97; Barnave,
De la Révolution
, 146.
151
.
La Chronique de Paris
, no. 200 (19 July 1791), 809 and no. 207 (26 July 1791), 837.
152
.
Journal du Club des Cordeliers
8 (19 July 1791), 68–69.
CHAPTER 7
War with the Church (1788–1792)
1
. Ravitch, “Abbé Fauchet,” 251; Desan,
Reclaiming the Sacred
, 3; Petitfils,
Louis XVI
, 2:288.
2
. Cérutti,
Mémoire pour le peuple françois
, 20–22.
3
. McManners,
Church and Society
, 1:210–12, 215, 249, 287.
4
. Forsyth,
Reason and Revolution
, 195.
5
. Durozoy,
La Gazette de Paris
, 1 Jan. 1791, 1 and 15 Jan. 1791, 1–2.
6
. Volney,
Les Ruines
, in Volney,
Œuvres complètes
, 1:268.
7
. Tocqueville,
L’Ancien régime
, 202–4; Aston,
Religion and Revolution
, 3.
8
. McPhee,
Robespierre
, 41, 83, 135, 174.
9
. Quoted in Aston,
Religion and Revolution
, 132.
10
. Royou,
L’Ami du Roi
, 23 Oct. 1791, 2.
11
. Mirabeau,
Collection complète
, 3:42–44.
12
.
La Chronique de Paris
2, 25 (25 Jan. 1790), 98; Fontana et al.,
Venise et la Révolution
, 158–59, 372.
13
. Hertzberg,
French Enlightenment
, 351; Schlechter,
Obstinate Hebrews
, 55.
14
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 10:756–58 (23 Dec. 1789), speeches of Maury and de Lafarre; Jaher,
The Jews
, 69–70; Schechter,
Obstinate Hebrews
, 157; Girard,
La Révolution française
, 125–27.
15
.
Journal des décrets
5, no. 10, 12–14; Fontana et al.,
Venise et la Révolution
, 371–72.
16
.
Archives Parlementaires
, 11:364–65 (28 Jan. 1790); Jaher,
The Jews
, 72.
17
. Fontana et al.,
Venise et la Révolution
, 392.
18
. Doyle,
Oxford History
, 411; Aston,
Religion and Revolution
, 252–54.
19
. Michaud,
La Quotidienne
, no. 333 (9 Aug. 1793), 703.
20
. E. Kennedy,
Cultural History
, 146.